Download or read book Urinary Tract Infection in Children and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern written by Biswajit Batabyal and published by Educreation Publishing. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are counted among the most common infections in children. Most commonly, members of Enterobacteriaceae, particularly urinary pathogenic strains of Escherichia. coli and Enterobacter aerogenes are the primary causative organisms of UTIs in different parts of the world. In spite of the availability and use of the antimicrobial drugs, UTIs caused by bacteria have been showing increasing trends. Antibiotics are a mainstay in the treatment of bacterial infections, though their use is a primary risk factor for the development of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in paediatric urology as demonstrated by increased urinary pathogen resistance. The extensive and inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents has invariably resulted in the development of antibiotic resistance which, in recent years, has become a major problem worldwide.
Download or read book TRENDS IN ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF URINARY TRACT PATHOGENS IN CHILDREN IN CRETE GREECE A SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE written by Ioanna Kalaitzidou and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BackgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) constitutes a common cause of antibiotic use in childhood. Nowadays, there is a growing concern about increasing resistance to antibiotics and emergence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing uropathogens. The aim of the present study was to report the most common UTI pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among children in Crete and compare the results in the region with those reported ten years ago.MethodsThis 5-year (2012-2016) retrospective study records the uropathogens and their susceptibility patterns among children 30 days to 16 years old, who were discharged with the diagnosis of UTI from a District General Hospital in Crete. After identification of the bacteria, resistance patterns and presence of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) were detected.ResultsUTI was diagnosed in 284 children (62.0% female; mean age 26 months). The occurrence rates of isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (E. coli) 75.4%, Klebsiella spp 9.15%, Proteus spp 5.28%, Enterobacter spp 3.87% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3.52%. Antimicrobial resistance of E. coli was most common to ampicillin (41.8%), piperacillin (40.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic (28.6%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (17.8%). Among E. coli strains, 4.20% were ESBL-producing. Resistance to ampicillin, TMP-SMX and piperacillin was noted for 46.4%, 16.9% and 46.5% of the total uropathogens, respectively, making these agents inappropriate for empirical treatment of febrile UTI in our region. On the other hand, more than 90% of microorganisms were susceptible to ceftriaxone/cefotaxime cefuroxime, and piperacillin/tazobactam, which seem to be effective for treatment of paediatric UTIs.ConclusionsThe antibiotic resistance, although decreasing, is still high in hospitalized children with UTIs in the study area.
Download or read book Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing written by CDC. and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This document provides updated tables for the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute antimicrobial susceptibility testing standards M02-A12, M07-A10, and M11-A8"--Cover.
Download or read book Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In May 2015, the Sixty-eighth World Health Assembly adopted the Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance, which reflects the global consensus that AMR poses a profound threat to human health. One of the five strategic objectives of the Global action plan is to strengthen the evidence base through enhanced global surveillance and research. The Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) has been developed to facilitate and encourage a standardized approach to AMR surveillance globally and in turn support the implementation of the Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance. This manual addresses the early phase of implementation of GLASS, focussing on surveillance of resistance in common human bacterial pathogens. The intended readership of this publication is public health professionals and health authorities responsible for national AMR surveillance. It outlines the GLASS standards and describes the road map for implementation of the system between 2015 and 2019. Further development of GLASS will be based on the lessons learnt during this period"--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Clinical Management of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection written by Ahmad Nikibakhsh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-09-06 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) are a major cause of hospital admissions and are associated with significant morbidity and health care costs. Knowledge of baseline risk of urinary tract infection can help clinicians make informed diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Prevalence rates of UTI vary by age, gender, race, and other predisposing risk factors. In this regard, this book provides comprehensive information on etiology, epidemiology, immunology, pathology, pathogenic mechanisms, symptomatology, investigation and management of urinary tract infection. Chapters cover common problems in urinary tract infection and put emphasis on the importance of making a correct clinical decision and choosing the appropriate therapeutic approach. Topics are organized to address all of the major complicated conditions frequently seen in urinary tract infection. The authors have paid particular attention to urological problems like the outcome of patients with vesicoureteric reflux, the factors affecting renal scarring, obstructive uropathy, voiding dysfunction and catheter associated problems. This book will be indispensable for all professionals involved in the medical care of patients with urinary tract infection.
Download or read book Urinary Tract Infection written by Abhay Rané and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The causative organisms of Urinary Tract Infection are dynamic in terms of their virulence and resistance patterns, leading to challenges in the prevention and treatment of urinary infection. This is of relevance in both primary and secondary care, and many of the challenges are similar in both developed and developing countries alike. UTI is also associated with considerable cost in terms of morbidity, economic and research expenditure. Written by an exceptional and well-known team of clinical experts, the purpose of Urinary Tract Infections addresses key questions facing physicians about this condition. This book is written primarily for general physicians who wish to have a broad understanding of a number of important issues concerning infection in parts of the urinary tract. Specialists may also find the book useful as a quick reference guide.
Download or read book Basic Laboratory Procedures in Clinical Bacteriology written by Vandepitte J. and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2003-12-31 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2nd edition of this publication updates the various guidelines produced by the World Health Organization on the sampling of specimens for laboratory investigation, identification of bacteria and the testing of antibiotic resistance, focusing on quality control and assessment procedures to be followed rather than on basic techniques of microscopy and staining. The publication is split into two parts: part one deals with bacteriological investigations regarding blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, stools, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases, purulent exudates, wounds and absesses, anaerobic bacteriology, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and serological tests; and part two considers key pathogens, media and diagnostic reagents.
Download or read book Bacterial Identification and Drug Susceptibility Patterns in Pregnant and Non Pregnant UTI Patients written by Syeda Sograh Fatima and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-27 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a review of essential research on urinary tract infections (UTIs), as well as a broader perspective on methodologies adopted for the isolation and identification of the bacteria from urine samples of pregnant and non-pregnant women on the basis of their cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The identification is extended to the strain level by means of molecular identification involving BLAST as a bioinformatics tool. The book also addresses the roles of various other bioinformatics tools for tracing the phylogenetic tree and conservation studies among the bacteriocin of the identified bacteria. Lastly, it assesses the antibiotics resistance patterns of these isolates.
Download or read book Laboratory Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections written by Jill E. Clarridge and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urinary Tract Infection written by Tomas Jarzembowski and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a problem so common and so significant in routine clinical practice that accurate diagnostics are especially important. In particular, complicated UTI is associated with an increased rate of therapy failures, as a result of possible biofilm formation on foreign elements and antibiotic resistance, as well as the increased possibility of an infection recurrence. These are the arguments for the constant search for novel diagnostic tools and techniques. These and many other vital topics regarding UTI complications, management, and treatment, in addition to antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence traits allowing us to mitigate or avoid antibiotic action, are presented in this book.
Download or read book District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries Part 2 written by Monica Cheesbrough and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-02 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition includes an update on HIV disease/AIDS, recently developed HIV rapid tests to diagnose HIV infection and screen donor blood, and current information on antiretroviral drugs and the laboratory monitoring of antiretroviral therapy. Information on the epidemiology and laboratory investigation of other pathogens has also been brought up to date. Several new, rapid, simple to perform immunochromatographic tests to assist in the diagnosis of infectious diseases are described, including those for brucellosis, cholera, dengue, leptospirosis, syphilis and hepatitis. Recently developed lgM antibody tests to investigate typhoid fever are also described. The new classification of salmonellae has been introduced. Details of manufacturers and suppliers now include website information and e-mail addresses. The haematology and blood transfusion chapters have been updated, including a review of haemoglobin measurement methods in consideration of the high prevalence of anaemia in developing countries.
Download or read book ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN CAUSATIVE ORGANISM OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN CHILDREN IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL written by Biswajit Chowdhury and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN & CAUSATIVE ORGANISM OF UTI IN CHILDREN IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.Introduction:Urinary tract infection is common bacterial infection in children. The changing pattern of antimicrobial sensitivity in UTI demands the use of appropriate antibiotics.Objective: Objective of the study was to detect culture & sensitivity pattern of bacteria implicated in UTI Methods:It was cross sectional study conducted over children aged 6 month-5 year attending in OPD, department of Paediatrics Mymensingh Medical College Hospital from January 2016 to December 2016.Four hundred and fifty urine specimens collected from clinically suspected UTI children were examined by semiquantative culture method & their sensitivity pattern were determined by disc diffusion technique.Results: Of the 450 tested sample 99 samples showed growth of pathogens among which the most prevalent were E.coli 74(75%)followed by klebsiela pneumoniae 9(9.9%) and enterococci 6( 6%). Majority were isolate from female 70 (69%) while the remainig are from male. Imipenem , Meropenem , amikacin, nitrofurantoin, gentamycin and amoxyclav are found to be effective against 75-100% of the uropathogens. Most effective antibiotic in our study were imipenem,meropenem, amikacin and nitrofurantoin which show their efficacy against 91-100% isolates. More than 60% case show their resistance against amoxycillin, nalidexic acid,cefixime,ciproflaxacine, cotrimoxazole and cephalosporin which raises the question regarding rationality to empirically use of these antibiotics in UTI without culture & sensitivity reports..Conclusion: This study conclude that common urinary isolates were more sensitive to imipenem, , meropenem, amikacin and nitrofurantoin in comparison to other antibiotics in this region. Table 1:Prevalance of growth & overall sex distributionSextNo. of tested (%)tNo. of GrowthtNo.of no growthMalet200 (44.4%)t29 (6.4%)t171Femalet250 (55.6%)t70 (15.6%)t180Totalt450t99 (23%)t351.
Download or read book Natural Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents written by Carlos M. Franco and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is full of plants and animals that have their own defenses, producing various substances in their daily fight against bacteria, fungi, or other agents. These products are alternatives to conventional antimicrobials that have a poor reputation with consumers. Many of these compounds are well known; however, the multiple types of structures together with the variable responses depending of the type of biocontrol needed in a wide range of applications, such as clinical, agricultural, general hygiene, and food, necessitates the continuous search for specific applications and the continuous study of how to use these substances. The present book provides a summary of reviews and original research works that explore the multiple alternatives for the use of these compounds.
Download or read book Urinary Tract Infections in Children written by Stanley Hellerstein and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urinary Tract Infections written by Matthew A. Mulvey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-01 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of clinically important infections of the urinary tract Urinary tract infections (UTIs) continue to rank among the most common infectious diseases of humans, despite remarkable progress in the ability to detect and treat them. Recurrent UTIs are a continuing problem and represent a clear threat as antibiotic-resistant organisms and infection-prone populations grow. Urinary Tract Infections: Molecular Pathogenesis and Clinical Management brings the scientific community up to date on the research related to these infections that has occurred in the nearly two decades since the first edition. The editors have assembled a team of leading experts to cover critical topics in these main areas: clinical aspects of urinary tract infections, including anatomy, diagnosis, and management, featuring chapters on the vaginal microbiome as well as asymptomatic bacteriuria, prostatitis, and urosepsis the origins and virulence mechanisms of the bacteria responsible for most UTIs, including uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae the host immune response to UTIs, the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains, and the future of therapeutics This essential reference serves as both a resource and a stimulus for future research endeavors for anyone with an interest in understanding these important infections, from the classroom to the laboratory and the clinic. If you are looking for online access to the latest clinical microbiology content, please visit www.wiley.com/learn/clinmicronow.
Download or read book Antimicrobial Resistance written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary report published as technical document with reference number: WHO/HSE/PED/AIP/2014.2.
Download or read book Manual of Clinical Microbiology written by James Versalovic and published by American Society for Microbiology Press. This book was released on 2011-05-16 with total page 3227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most authoritative, comprehensive reference in the field. • Sets the standard for state-of-the-science laboratory practice. • A collaborative effort of 22 editors and more than 260 authors from around the world, all experienced researchers and practitioners in medical and diagnostic microbiology. • Includes 149 chapters of the latest research findings, infectious agents, methods, practices, and safety guidelines. • Indispensable to clinical microbiologists, laboratory technologists, and infectious disease specialists in hospitals, clinics, reference laboratories, and more
