Download or read book Uranium Isotope Measurements by Quadrupole ICP MS for Process Monitoring of Enrichment written by RN. Bolin and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, uranium isotopic ratio measurements in the nuclear industry have been performed using Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS); primarily due to the high level of precision that can be achieved. TIMS analysis, however, requires sample purification and intricate sample loading. Quadrupole (low resolution, single detector) inductively coupled plasma -- mass spectrometry, Q-ICP-MS, overcomes these disadvantages and is a cost-effective alternative, i.e., in terms of initial capital, maintenance, and operating costs. This paper presents a simple, single standard approach for measuring uranium isotope content in various solid and liquid nuclear materials along with some comparison data of Q-ICP-MS and TIMS. Intensity ratios of 234U, 235U, 236U, and 238U to total U intensity are produced, providing the enrichment level or percent 235U. A detailed description of the instrument and data collection parameters is also provided. Optimal precision and accuracy are achieved through the use of a single standard which is closely matched to the enrichment and concentration of the samples. Depending upon the standard chosen, enrichments between depleted and 97% can be quantified. Standard deviations for the major uranium isotopes are typically within 0.02 absolute and at least an order of magnitude lower for the minor U isotope abundances.
Download or read book Measurement of the Isotopic Enrichment of Uranium by a Direct Comparison Mass Spectrometer Method written by V. L. Warren and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applications of Inductively Coupled Plasma mass Spectrometry to Radionuclide Determinations written by Roy W. Morrow and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1995 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Uranium Isotope Measurements with a Model SU 1 Surface Ionization Mass Spectrometer written by V. L. Warren and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Determination of Uranium Isotope Abundances and Reactor Fuel Burnup by Mass Spectrometry written by D. E. Fornwalt and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Isotopic Ratio Measurement of Uranium in the Form of Hydrolyzed Uranium Hexafluoride by Inductively Coupled Plasma Multiple Collector Mass Spectrometry written by T. Hodgson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An inductively coupled plasma-multiple collector-mass spectrometer (ICP-MC-MS) has been used to measure the isotopic composition of uranium in three solutions of uranium hexafluoride. The 235U: 238U ratio of each sample solution ranged from approximately 0.007 to 0.03 to 1.0. The measurements are linear over this range and the precision and accuracy are comparable, if not superior, to that obtained by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). However, acceptable isotopic ratio measurement of uranium hexafluoride solutions is not possible by TIMS because the presence of fluoride ions severely limits analytical precision. Hence, the fluoride must be removed prior to analysis. This necessitates a chemical purification stage which adds both time and expense to the measurement process. This study reports direct, high precision, accurate uranium isotope ratio measurements on solutions of uranium hexafluoride. The instrumental time required for the analysis of 15 uranium samples with the ICP-MC-MS totals 135 min. This compares with an estimated time requirement of 600 min by TIMS and a time of 900 min by UF6 gas mass spectrometry.
Download or read book Inorganic Mass Spectrometry written by Sabine Becker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing an exhaustive review of this topic, Inorganic Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications provides details on all aspects of inorganic mass spectrometry, from a historical overview of the topic to the principles and functions of mass separation and ion detection systems. Offering a comprehensive treatment of inorganic mass spectrometry, topics covered include: Recent developments in instrumentation Developing analytical techniques for measurements of trace and ultratrace impurities in different materials This broad textbook in inorganic mass spectrometry, presents the most important mass spectrometric techniques used in all fields of analytical chemistry. By covering recent developments and advances in all fields of inorganic mass spectrometry, this text provides researchers and students with information to answer any questions on this topic as well as providing the basic fundamentals for understanding this potentially complex, but increasingly relevant subject.
Download or read book Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry written by J. Ignacio Garcia Alonso and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2013 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first textbook to present a comprehensive and instructive view of the theory and applications of this growing technique.
Download or read book Isolation and Puification of Uranium Isotopes for Measurement by Mass Spectrometry 233 234 235 236 238U and Alpha Spectrometry 232U written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes a standardized methodology used by researchers from the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS) (Energy and Environment Directorate) and the Environmental Radiochemistry Group (Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for the full isotopic analysis of uranium from solution. The methodology has largely been developed for use in characterizing the uranium composition of selected nuclear materials but may also be applicable to environmental studies and assessments of public, military or occupational exposures to uranium using in-vitro bioassay monitoring techniques. Uranium isotope concentrations and isotopic ratios are measured using a combination of Multi Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (MC ICP-MS), Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) and Alpha Spectrometry.
Download or read book Karst Bauxites written by G. Bárdossy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Karst Bauxites: Bauxite Deposits on Carbonate Rocks presents a comparison of bauxite regions using mathematical statistics methods. This book is divided into eight chapters that highlight the quantitative processing and assessment of the information available for bauxites. The opening chapters present observational and analytical evidence concerning karst bauxite, with particular emphasis on Hungarian bauxite deposits. The typical features of bauxites are analyzed from a variety of aspects and results from different bauxite regions are compared. Other chapters consider the feature of metamorphosed karst bauxites. The remaining chapters discuss the conditions of formation of karst bauxites and with the factors controlling their geographic and stratigraphic distribution. This book will prove useful to geologists, mineralogists, and researchers.
Download or read book Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis written by Michael F. L'Annunziata and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-09-01 with total page 1419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated and much expanded 3e of the Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis is an authoritative reference providing the principles, practical techniques, and procedures for the accurate measurement of radioactivity from the very low levels encountered in the environment to higher levels measured in radioisotope research, clinical laboratories, biological sciences, radionuclide standardization, nuclear medicine, nuclear power, and fuel cycle facilities and in the implementation of nuclear forensic analysis and nuclear safeguards. The book describes the basic principles of radiation detection and measurement and the preparation of samples from a wide variety of matrices, assists the investigator or technician in the selection and use of appropriate radiation detectors, and presents state-of-the-art methods of analysis. Fundamentals of radiation properties, radionuclide decay, the calculations involved, and methods of detection provide the basis for a thorough understanding of the analytical procedures. The Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis, 3e, is suitable as a teaching text for university and professional training courses. - The only comprehensive reference that describes the principles of detection and practical applications of every type of radioactivity detector currently used. The new 3e is broader in scope, with revised and expanded chapters, new authors, and seven new chapters on Alpha Spectrometry, Radionuclide Standardization, Radioactive Aerosol Measurements, Environmental Radioactivity Monitoring, Marine Radioactivity Analysis, Nuclear Forensic Analysis and Analytical Techniques in Nuclear Safeguards - Discusses in detail the principles, theory and practice applied to all types of radiation detection and measurement, making it useful for both teaching and research
Download or read book Isotope Ratios of Uranium Using High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry ICP MS written by R. Hearn and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Actinide element isotope ratios have been determined in environmental samples using high resolution ICP-MS with ultrasonic nebulisation. Precisions as low as 0.1% RSD have been achieved using various methods of acquisition. The methodology has been used for environmental monitoring of uranium isotope ratios as an indicator of nuclear activity. Also, it has been applied to calcite dating studies as a measure of past geochemical disturbances.
Download or read book Accurate Determination of Curium and Californium Isotopic Ratios by Inductively Coupled Plasma Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry ICP QMS in 248Cm Samples for Transmutation Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The French Atomic Energy Commission has carried out several experiments including the mini-INCA (INcineration of Actinides) project for the study of minor-actinide transmutation processes in high intensity thermal neutron fluxes, in view of proposing solutions to reduce the radiotoxicity of long-lived nuclear wastes. In this context, a Cm sample enriched in 248Cm (≈97 %) was irradiated in thermal neutron flux at the High Flux Reactor (HFR) of the Laue-Langevin Institute (ILL). This work describes a quadrupole ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) analytical procedure for precise and accurate isotopic composition determination of Cm before sample irradiation and of Cm and Cf after sample irradiation. The factors that affect the accuracy and reproducibility of isotopic ratio measurements by ICP-QMS, such as peak centre correction, detector dead time, mass bias, abundance sensitivity and hydrides formation, instrumental background, and memory blank were carefully evaluated and corrected. Uncertainties of the isotopic ratios, taking into account internal precision of isotope ratio measurements, peak tailing, and hydrides formations ranged from 0.3% to 1.3%. This uncertainties range is quite acceptable for the nuclear data to be used in transmutation studies.
Download or read book Peak Fitting Applied to Low resolution Enrichment Measurements written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials accounting at bulk processing facilities that handle low enriched uranium consists primarily of weight and uranium enrichment measurements. Most low enriched uranium processing facilities draw separate materials balances for each enrichment handled at the facility. The enrichment measurement determines the isotopic abundance of the 235U, thereby determining the proper strata for the item, while the weight measurement generates the primary accounting value for the item. Enrichment measurements using the passive gamma radiation from uranium were developed for use in US facilities a few decades ago. In the US, the use of low-resolution detectors was favored because they cost less, are lighter and more robust, and don't require the use of liquid nitrogen. When these techniques were exported to Europe, however, difficulties were encountered. Two of the possible root causes were discovered to be inaccurate knowledge of the container wall thickness and higher levels of minor isotopes of uranium introduced by the use of reactor returns in the enrichment plants. the minor isotopes cause an increase in the Compton continuum under the 185.7 keV assay peak and the observance of interfering 238.6 keV gamma rays. The solution selected to address these problems was to rely on the slower, more costly, high-resolution gamma ray detectors when the low-resolution method failed. Recently, these gamma ray based enrichment measurement techniques have been applied to Russian origin material. The presence of interfering gamma radiation from minor isotopes was confirmed. However, with the advent of fast portable computers, it is now possible to apply more sophisticated analysis techniques to the low-resolution data in the field. Explicit corrections for Compton background, gamma rays from 236U daughters, and the attenuation caused by thick containers can be part of the least squares fitting routine. Preliminary results from field measurements in Kazakhstan will be discussed.
Download or read book Polyatomic Interferences on High Precision Uranium Isotope Ratio Measurements by MC ICP MS written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern mass spectrometry and separation techniques have made measurement of major uranium isotope ratios a routine task; however accurate and precise measurement of the minor uranium isotopes remains a challenge as sample size decreases. One particular challenge is the presence of isobaric interferences and their impact on the accuracy of minor isotope 234U and 236U measurements. Furthermore, we present techniques used for routine U isotopic analysis of environmental nuclear safeguards samples and evaluate polyatomic interferences that negatively impact accuracy as well as methods to mitigate their impacts.
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Feasibility Study on the Use of Isotope Dilution as a Tool for Quantifying Uranium Isotopic Concentrations by Quadrupole ICP MS written by K. M. Breward and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
