Download or read book Un syst me interactif d aide la d cision base sur la connaissance pour l estimation des co ts de d veloppements des logiciels written by Brahim Griech and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jusqu'ici, les modèles d'estimation de l'effort (exprimé en homme-mois) nécessaire au développement d'un logiciel sont souvent basés sur des méthodes statistiques. Le modèle Cocomo (Boehm, 1981) et SPQR (Jones, 1986) sont des exemples, de loin les plus connus, de ces modèles. D'autre part, tous les spécialistes s'accordent pour penser que plusieurs facteurs qualitatifs, tels que l'expérience de l'équipe de développement, celle des utilisateurs, et la clarté des spécifications fonctionnelles du logiciel, influence sensiblement les coûts de développement. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons un SIAD (système interactif d'aide à la décision) dans lequel le traitement des facteurs qualitatifs est effectué à l'aide d'un système expert. Une analyse similaire à celle des points de fonctions d'Albrecht (1979) permet de calculer une charge théorique selon le type du logiciel et l'expérience passée. L'évaluation est effectuée à 2 niveaux: global et détaillé. L'évaluation globale est calculée au début du développement en utilisant les données disponibles. L'évaluation détaillée, quant à elle, s'effectue lorsque l'analyse est plus avancée. Le responsable du projet peut suivre l'évolution des charges au niveau détaillé tout au long du développement. De plus, et puisque les responsables des estimations font appel à leur expérience, le SIAD doit contenir un module d'apprentissage. C'est pourquoi, nous avons conçu le système de manière à garder les données relatives aux développements déjà terminés. Ces données serviront dans les estimations futures. A la fin de chaque projet, le module d'apprentissage examine dans quelle mesure les informations utilisées pour les estimations devront être ajustées. Notre système combine donc des raisonnements statistiques et basés sur la connaissance

Download or read book CONCEPTION ET REALISATION D UN SYSTEME INTERACTIF D AIDE A LA DECISION BASE SUR LA CONNAISSANCE POUR LA GESTION DE PROJETS DE CONSTRUCTION DE BATIMENTS written by EDMOND.. MIRESCO and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LES LOGICIELS DE GESTION DE PROJETS EXISTANTS EMPLOIENT PRINCIPALEMENT COMME DONNEES D'ENTREE LA DESCRIPTION DES ACTIVITES DU PROJET, LEUR DUREE ET LEURS INTERCONNEXIONS. INDEPENDAMMENT DE LA SIMPLICITE DE CHAQUE LOGICIEL, TOUTES LES FOIS OU UN UTILISATEUR ENTREPREND UNE NOUVELLE PLANIFICATION, IL EST TENU DE PREPARER MANUELLEMENT LE MODELE DE PLANIFICATION, SOIT LE GRAPHE D'ORDONNANCEMENT DES OPERATIONS DU PROJET. CES LOGICIELS POSSEDENT PEU DE MECANISMES D'ALLEGEMENT OU DE VALIDATION DU TRAVAIL DE DEVELOPPEMENT DU GRAPHE D'ORDONNANCEMENT, DE SORTE QUE LA PREPARATION DE CE GRAPHE RELEVE ENCORE DE LA RESPONSABILITE ENTIERE DE L'UTILISATEUR. CE CONSTAT A MOTIVE NOTRE ETUDE QUI PORTE, D'UNE PART, SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT D'UN SYSTEME INTERACTIF D'AIDE A LA DECISION BASE SUR LA CONNAISSANCE POUR GENERER ET TRAITER L'INFORMATION NECESSAIRE A LA PLANIFICATION DE PROJETS DE CONSTRUCTION DE BATIMENTS, ET D'AUTRE PART, SUR LA CONCEPTION DE LA BASE DE CONNAISSANCES CONTENANT LES SEQUENCES D'OPERATIONS RENCONTREES DANS LA PRATIQUE COURANTE DE CONSTRUCTION DES BATIMENTS. LA REPRESENTATION DE CES CONNAISSANCES EST BASEE SUR UNE APPROCHE GRAPHIQUE, PROPRE A NOTRE APPLICATION. LES RESULTATS OBTENUS DEMONTRENT QUE L'APPROCHE UTILISEE POUR REPRESENTER LES CONNAISSANCES CONVIENT PARFAITEMENT A CE GENRE D'APPLICATION. DANS NOTRE TRAVAIL, NOUS MONTRONS L'APPROCHE DE MODELISATION DES CONNAISSANCES, LA GENERATION ASSISTEE PAR ORDINATEUR D'UN GRAPHE D'ORDONNANCEMENT VALIDE POUR LA CONSTRUCTION DES BATIMENTS, AINSI QUE LA DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DU SYSTEME INTERACTIF D'AIDE A LA DECISION DANS LE CONTEXTE DE LA GESTION DE PROJETS

Download or read book SYSTEME INTERACTIF D AIDE A LA DECISION EN MATIERE D EVALUATION D UNE ENTREPRISE POUR written by Rached Ellouze and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LES SYSTEMES INTERACTIFS D'AIDE A LA DECISION (SIAD) CONSTITUENT UN APPORT FONDAMENTAL EN MATIERE DE CONCEPTION ET DE REALISATION DES APPLICATIONS INFORMATIQUES. LE RECOURS A CETTE NOUVELLE NOTION PERMET DE RESOUDRE LES PROBLEMES DE DEVELOPPEMENT ET DE MAINTENANCE DES LOGICIELS GRACE A UNE TECHNIQUE DE PROGRAMMATION PUISSANTE A SAVOIR: LES GENERATEURS DE SIAD. LES LOGICIELS ISSUS DE CETTE APPROCHE REPRESENTENT DES PRODUITS SOUPLES ET NON FIGES APPELES DES SIAD SPECIFIQUES ET MIS A LA DISPOSITION DES UTILISATEURS EN VUE DE PRENDRE DES DECISIONS SPECIFIQUES A UNE CLASSE DE PROBLEMES. NOUS NOUS SOMMES ATTACHES AU COURS DE CE TRAVAIL A METTRE EN OEUVRE CETTE NOUVELLE APPROCHE A TRAVERS LE GENERATEUR CAOSG POUR REALISER UN SIAD SPECIFIQUE DESTINE AUX CREATEURS D'ENTREPRISE, AUX CONTROLEURS DE GESTION ET AUX ORGANISMES FINANCIERS.

Download or read book Un Syst me int ractif d analyse des donn es comme outil d aide la d cision written by Denis Montaut and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DECIDEUR, DONNEES, MODELES, TELS SONT LES TROIS CONCEPTS CENTRAUX AUXQUELS ON S'INTERESSE ICI. L'OBJET DE CE TRAVAIL EST DE FOURNIR, A LA LUMIERE DE L'EXPERIENCE APPORTEE PAR LES LOGICIELS CLASSIQUES D'ANALYSE DES DONNEES, ET D'EXEMPLES CONNUS DE SYSTEMES INTERACTIFS D'AIDE A LA DECISION, DES ELEMENTS DE RECHERCHE CONCERNANT LA CONCEPTION DE SYSTEMES INTERACTIFS PROPOSANT DES OUTILS D'ANALYSE DES DONNEES. ON PASSERA PAR LA DESCRIPTION DE PROCESSUS CLASSIQUES D'ANALYSE DES DONNEES, ET L'ETUDE DU CONCEPT DE SIAD. UN PROTOTYPE (LOGICIEL) SERA PROPOSE A TITRE D'APPLICATION.

Download or read book Approche pour la construction de mod les d estimation r aliste de l effort co t de projet dans un environnement incertain written by Safae Laqrichi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'estimation de l'effort de développement logiciel est l'une des tâches les plus importantes dans le management de projets logiciels. Elle constitue la base pour la planification, le contrôle et la prise de décision. La réalisation d'estimations fiables en phase amont des projets est une activité complexe et difficile du fait, entre autres, d'un manque d'informations sur le projet et son avenir, de changements rapides dans les méthodes et technologies liées au domaine logiciel et d'un manque d'expérience avec des projets similaires. De nombreux modèles d'estimation existent, mais il est difficile d'identifier un modèle performant pour tous les types de projets et applicable à toutes les entreprises (différents niveaux d'expérience, technologies maitrisées et pratiques de management de projet). Globalement, l'ensemble de ces modèles formule l'hypothèse forte que (1) les données collectées sont complètes et suffisantes, (2) les lois reliant les paramètres caractérisant les projets sont parfaitement identifiables et (3) que les informations sur le nouveau projet sont certaines et déterministes. Or, dans la réalité du terrain cela est difficile à assurer. Deux problématiques émergent alors de ces constats : comment sélectionner un modèle d'estimation pour une entreprise spécifique ? et comment conduire une estimation pour un nouveau projet présentant des incertitudes ? Les travaux de cette thèse s'intéressent à répondre à ces questions en proposant une approche générale d'estimation. Cette approche couvre deux phases : une phase de construction du système d'estimation et une phase d'utilisation du système pour l'estimation de nouveaux projets. La phase de construction du système d'estimation est composée de trois processus : 1) évaluation et comparaison fiable de différents modèles d'estimation, et sélection du modèle d'estimation le plus adéquat, 2) construction d'un système d'estimation réaliste à partir du modèle d'estimation sélectionné et 3) utilisation du système d'estimation dans l'estimation d'effort de nouveaux projets caractérisés par des incertitudes. Cette approche intervient comme un outil d'aide à la décision pour les chefs de projets dans l'aide à l'estimation réaliste de l'effort, des coûts et des délais de leurs projets logiciels. L'implémentation de l'ensemble des processus et pratiques développés dans le cadre de ces travaux ont donné naissance à un prototype informatique open-source. Les résultats de cette thèse s'inscrivent dans le cadre du projet ProjEstimate FUI13.

Download or read book Vers un syst me d aide la d cision pour la conception en g nie logiciel written by Rana Bouslama and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Market Assessment Study of New Media Learning Materials written by Canada. Industry Canada and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Faecal Sludge Management written by Linda Strande and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is estimated that literally billions of residents in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation systems (e.g. various types of latrines and septic tanks). Until recently, the management of faecal sludge from these onsite systems has been grossly neglected, partially as a result of them being considered temporary solutions until sewer-based systems could be implemented. However, the perception of onsite or decentralized sanitation technologies for urban areas is gradually changing, and is increasingly being considered as long-term, sustainable options in urban areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries that lack sewer infrastructures. This is the first book dedicated to faecal sludge management. It compiles the current state of knowledge of the rapidly evolving field of faecal sludge management, and presents an integrated approach that includes technology, management, and planning based on Sandecs 20 years of experience in the field. Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation addresses the organization of the entire faecal sludge management service chain, from the collection and transport of sludge, and the current state of knowledge of treatment options, to the final end use or disposal of treated sludge. The book also presents important factors to consider when evaluating and upscaling new treatment technology options. The book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students, and engineers and practitioners in the field who have some basic knowledge of environmental and/or wastewater engineering.

Download or read book Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis State of the Art Surveys written by Salvatore Greco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-20 with total page 1063 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis: State of the Art Surveys provides survey articles and references of the seminal or state-of-the-art research on MCDA. The material covered ranges from the foundations of MCDA, over various MCDA methodologies (outranking methods, multiattribute utility and value theories, non-classical approaches) to multiobjective mathematical programming, MCDA applications, and software. This vast amount of material is organized in 8 parts, with a total of 25 chapters. More than 2000 references are listed.

Download or read book Integrated Coastal Zone Management of Coral Reefs written by Kent Gustavson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The applied research indicates that, to improve awareness, park education programs should be targeted specifically to the user groups primarily through outreach programs. Further, the Park's management programs should be highlighted, particularly the beneficial, tangible products and services (benefits) the Park provides to each user group... The closer the tie between reef conditions and business earnings, the greater the users' support for reef conservation." Coral reefs are sometimes referred to as "canaries of the sea" because of their early warning ability to show near-shore oceanic stress. Because of their biological diversity, they are also called "rainforests of the sea." Coral reefs are vital to the well being of millions of people. Coral reef managers and government officials trying to save their valuable national resources have turned to research on coral reefs for help. The research presented in this publication merits a great deal of notice because the output is useful for decision support and training tools in integrated coastal zone management (ICZM). The work on cost-effectiveness analysis has developed integrated economic and ecological models, relying extensively on fuzzy logic procedures to model impacts and effects of interventions within the reef environment. By contrast, the marine system valuation work provides economic valuations of coral reefs, demonstrating the use of different modeling methods and treating key policy issues within this context. This publication will interest coastal zone experts and managers worldwide

Download or read book Dynamique Non lin aire Et Le Chaos written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Collaborative Decision Making written by Pascale Zaraté and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents the latest innovations and achievements of academic communities on Decision Support Systems (DSS). These advances include theory systems, computer-aided methods, algorithms, techniques and applications related to supporting decision making. The aim is to develop approaches for applying information systems technology to increase the effectiveness of decision making in situations where the computer system can support and enhance human judgements in the performance of tasks that have elements which cannot be specified in advance. Also it is intended to improve ways of synthesizing and applying relevant work from resource disciplines to practical implementation of systems that enhance decision support capability. The resource disciplines include: information technology, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, decision theory, organizational theory, operations research and modeling. Researchers come from the Operational Research area but also from Decision Theory, Multicriteria Decision Making methodologies, Fuzzy sets and modeling tools. Based on the introduction of Information and Communication Technologies in organizations, the decisional process is evolving from a mono actor to a multi actor situation in which cooperation is a way to make the decision.

Download or read book Child Friendly Schools Manual written by and published by UNICEF. This book was released on 2009 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Child-Friendly Schools (CFS) Manual was developed during three-and-a-half years of continuous work, involving the United Nations Children's Fund education staff and specialists from partner agencies working on quality education. It benefits from fieldwork in 155 countries and territories, evaluations carried out by the Regional Offices and desk reviews conducted by headquarters in New York. The manual is a part of a total resource package that includes an e-learning package for capacity-building in the use of CFS models and a collection of field case studies to illustrate the state of the art in child-friendly schools in a variety of settings.

Download or read book Construction Supply Chain Management Handbook written by William J. O'Brien and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-10-20 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mounting emphasis on construction supply chain management (CSCM) is due to both global sourcing of materials and a shortage of labor. These factors force increasing amounts of value-added work to be conducted off-site deep in the supply chain. Construction Supply Chain Management Handbook compiles in one comprehensive source an overview of the dive

Download or read book Biomimicry written by Janine M. Benyus and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2009-08-11 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Repackaged with a new afterword, this "valuable and entertaining" (New York Times Book Review) book explores how scientists are adapting nature's best ideas to solve tough 21st century problems. Biomimicry is rapidly transforming life on earth. Biomimics study nature's most successful ideas over the past 3.5 million years, and adapt them for human use. The results are revolutionizing how materials are invented and how we compute, heal ourselves, repair the environment, and feed the world. Janine Benyus takes readers into the lab and in the field with maverick thinkers as they: discover miracle drugs by watching what chimps eat when they're sick; learn how to create by watching spiders weave fibers; harness energy by examining how a leaf converts sunlight into fuel in trillionths of a second; and many more examples. Composed of stories of vision and invention, personalities and pipe dreams, Biomimicry is must reading for anyone interested in the shape of our future.

Download or read book Global Report on Adult Learning and Education written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrated Design and Manufacturing in Mechanical Engineering written by Patrick Chedmail and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-05 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the selected papers of the first I.D.M.M.E. conference on 'Integrated Design and Manufacturing in Mechanical Engineering', held in Nantes from 15-17 April 1996. Its objective was to discuss the questions related to the definition of the optimal design and manufacturing processes and to their integration through coherent methodologies in adapted environments. The initiative of the Conference and the organization thereof, is mainly due to the efforts of the french PRIMECA group (Pool of Computer Resources for Mechanics) started eight years ago. We were able to attract the internationru community with the support of the International Institution for Production Engineering Research (C.I.R.P.). The conference brought together two hundred and fifty specialists from around the world. About ninety papers and twenty posters were presented covering three main topics : optimization and evaluation of the product design process, optimization and evaluation of the manufacturing systems and methodological aspects.