Download or read book Ultra Sensitive Detection and Dose Reconstruction for Plutonium 239 Through Fission Track Analysis of Urine written by Melinda Pearl Krahenbuhl and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Feasibility of Determining Pu 239 Environmental and Occupational Levels in Urinary Excretion by Fission Track Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of bioassay programs for detecting human exposure to plutonium are currently playing a role that they were never intended or prepared to fulfill. With little resistance or support from the scientific community, the regulatory community established exposure limits for plutonium burdens based largely on imprecise inference of causes and effects; thus, to an extent, incomplete data and analysis formed the basis for most existing bioassay programs. At the time these early programs were developed, they were used only to determine the occupational exposure to radiation workers and populations unintentionally exposed to occupational levels during open air testing. The results from these programs are now used in litigation to determine cause, negligence and responsibility for health problems associated with the populations surrounding facilities that store, handle and process nuclear materials. As this role is beyond the scope of most bioassay programs̀ designs, concern for the use of existing bioassay programs in this manner is rising. It is imperative that defendable, scientifically-based, more sensitive techniques be researched and developed to measure the presence of Plutonium (Pu), which in turn can be used to establish and predict the health effects of a minimal Pu exposure. Currently, estimates to predict systemic deposition using urinalysis data are several times greater than the exposure levels measured by autopsy. The scientific research conducted in this study can serve to narrow this discrepancy and provide the regulatory community with a more reliable basis for establishing regulatory exposure limits and accurately predicting systemic deposition. Furthermore, this research and the continued development of more sophisticated detection techniques can serve to dispel general public concern over the possibility of radiation exposure from ongoing site remediation and closure efforts.
Download or read book Fission Track Analysis of Plutonium in Small Specimens of Biological Material written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A neutron induced fission track method was successfully developed for assaying 239Pu in human urine. The technique involves means to remove potentially interfering natural uranium from the sample and reagents. The method was applied to 50 urine samples including an unknown number of spikes and controls from the Marshall Islands. 49 samples were successfully analyzed. The mean activity for the 47 samples which were not positive for 239Pu did not differ significantly from the mean for our control samples, which consisted of urines collected from six young adult Utah residents. 2 figs., 12 tabs.
Download or read book Sources Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 2016 Report written by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. Scientific findings underpin radiation risk evaluation and international protection standards. This report comprises a report with two underpinning scientific annexes. The first annex recapitulates and clarifies the philosophy of science as well as the scientific knowledge for attributing observed health effects in individuals and populations to radiation exposure, and distinguishes between that and inferring risk to individuals and populations from an exposure. The second annex reviews the latest thinking and approaches to quantifying the uncertainties in assessments of risk from radiation exposure, and illustrates these approaches with application to examples that are highly pertinent to radiation protection.
Download or read book Radioactive Particles in the Environment written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reports on the outcome of an IAEA coordinated research project in the area of measurement and characterization of radioactive particles in the environment. This publication summarizes the achievements and findings of the project participants and gives guidance for application of the techniques for evaluation of contaminated areas.
Download or read book Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Download or read book Canada Enters the Nuclear Age written by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1997 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nuclear energy company has overseen the production of its own history, focusing on programs at its laboratories in Chalk River, Ontario, and Whiteshell, Manitoba between 1943 and 1985. The 16 scientists who wrote the narrative discuss the organization and operations of the laboratories, nuclear safety and radiation protection, radioisotopes, basic research, developing the CANDU reactor, managing the radioactive wastes, business development, and revenue generation. Canadian card order number: C97-900188-9. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.
Download or read book The Plutonium Files written by Eileen Welsome and published by Delta. This book was released on 2010-10-20 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the vast wartime factories of the Manhattan Project began producing plutonium in quantities never before seen on earth, scientists working on the top-secret bomb-building program grew apprehensive. Fearful that plutonium might cause a cancer epidemic among workers and desperate to learn more about what it could do to the human body, the Manhattan Project's medical doctors embarked upon an experiment in which eighteen unsuspecting patients in hospital wards throughout the country were secretly injected with the cancer-causing substance. Most of these patients would go to their graves without ever knowing what had been done to them. Now, in The Plutonium Files, Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter Eileen Welsome reveals for the first time the breadth of the extraordinary fifty-year cover-up surrounding the plutonium injections, as well as the deceitful nature of thousands of other experiments conducted on American citizens in the postwar years. Welsome's remarkable investigation spans the 1930s to the 1990s and draws upon hundreds of newly declassified documents and other primary sources to disclose this shadowy chapter in American history. She gives a voice to such innocents as Helen Hutchison, a young woman who entered a prenatal clinic in Nashville for a routine checkup and was instead given a radioactive "cocktail" to drink; Gordon Shattuck, one of several boys at a state school for the developmentally disabled in Massachusetts who was fed radioactive oatmeal for breakfast; and Maude Jacobs, a Cincinnati woman suffering from cancer and subjected to an experimental radiation treatment designed to help military planners learn how to win a nuclear war. Welsome also tells the stories of the scientists themselves, many of whom learned the ways of secrecy on the Manhattan Project. Among them are Stafford Warren, a grand figure whose bravado masked a cunning intelligence; Joseph Hamilton, who felt he was immune to the dangers of radiation only to suffer later from a fatal leukemia; and physician Louis Hempelmann, one of the most enthusiastic supporters of the plan to inject humans with potentially carcinogenic doses of plutonium. Hidden discussions of fifty years past are reconstructed here, wherein trusted government officials debated the ethical and legal implications of the experiments, demolishing forever the argument that these studies took place in a less enlightened era. Powered by her groundbreaking reportage and singular narrative gifts, Eileen Welsome has created a work of profound humanity as well as major historical significance. From the Hardcover edition.
Download or read book Ionizing Radiation Part 2 written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluates the evidence for carcinogenicity of ionizing radiation from internally deposited radionuclides. The radionuclides considered belong to two broad categories, those that emit a-particles (helium nuclei) and those that emit b-particles (electrons).
Download or read book Los Alamos Handbook of Radiation Monitoring written by and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Principles in Engineering written by Tatjana Jevremovic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear engineering plays an important role in various industrial, health care, and energy processes. Modern physics has generated its fundamental principles. A growing number of students and practicing engineers need updated material to access the technical language and content of nuclear principles. "Nuclear Principles in Engineering, Second Edition" is written for students, engineers, physicians and scientists who need up-to-date information in basic nuclear concepts and calculation methods using numerous examples and illustrative computer application areas. This new edition features a modern graphical interpretation of the phenomena described in the book fused with the results from research and new applications of nuclear engineering, including but not limited to nuclear engineering, power engineering, homeland security, health physics, radiation treatment and imaging, radiation shielding systems, aerospace and propulsion engineering, and power production propulsion.
Download or read book Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-10-01 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) was set up by Congress in 1990 to compensate people who have been diagnosed with specified cancers and chronic diseases that could have resulted from exposure to nuclear-weapons tests at various U.S. test sites. Eligible claimants include civilian onsite participants, downwinders who lived in areas currently designated by RECA, and uranium workers and ore transporters who meet specified residence or exposure criteria. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), which oversees the screening, education, and referral services program for RECA populations, asked the National Academies to review its program and assess whether new scientific information could be used to improve its program and determine if additional populations or geographic areas should be covered under RECA. The report recommends Congress should establish a new science-based process using a method called "probability of causation/assigned share" (PC/AS) to determine eligibility for compensation. Because fallout may have been higher for people outside RECA-designated areas, the new PC/AS process should apply to all residents of the continental US, Alaska, Hawaii, and overseas US territories who have been diagnosed with specific RECA-compensable diseases and who may have been exposed, even in utero, to radiation from U.S. nuclear-weapons testing fallout. However, because the risks of radiation-induced disease are generally low at the exposure levels of concern in RECA populations, in most cases it is unlikely that exposure to radioactive fallout was a substantial contributing cause of cancer.
Download or read book Tritium Control Technology written by P. H. Lamberger and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Classification of Diseases for Oncology written by April G. Fritz and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2000 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition of ICD-O, the standard tool for coding diagnoses of neoplasms in tumour and cancer registrars and in pathology laboratories, has been developed by a working party convened by the International Agency for Research on Cancer / WHO. ICD-O is a dual classification with coding systems for both topography and morphology. The book has five main sections. The first provides general instructions for using the coding systems and gives rules for their implementation in tumour registries and pathology laboratories. Section two includes the numerical list of topography codes, which remain unchanged from the previous edition. The numerical list of morphology codes is presented in the next section, which introduces several new terms and includes considerable revisions of the non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukaemia sections, based on the WHO Classification of Hematopoietic and Lympoid Diseases. The five-digit morphology codes allow identification of a tumour or cell type by histology, behaviour, and grade. Revisions in the morphology section were made in consultation with a large number of experts and were finalised after field-testing in cancer registries around the world. The alphabetical index gives codes for both topography and morphology and includes selected tumour-like lesions and conditions. A guide to differences in morphology codes between the second and third editions is provided in the final section, which includes lists of all new code numbers, new terms and synonyms added to existing code definitions, terms that changed morphology code, terms for conditions now considered malignant, deleted terms, and terms that changed behaviour code.
Download or read book Plutonium Deadly Gold of the Nuclear Age written by Howard Hu and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guidelines for Drinking water Quality written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 1993 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the methods used in the surveillance of drinking water quality in the light of the special problems of small-community supplies, particularly in developing countries, and outlines the strategies necessary to ensure that surveillance is effective.
