Download or read book U S Postal Service better guidance is needed to improve communication should anthrax contamination occur in the future written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September and October 2001, at least four letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to news media personnel and two U.S. Senators, leading to the first cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax in the United States. The contaminated letters, which were delivered through the U.S. mail system, caused 22 cases of anthrax, 5 of them fatal. Nine postal employees associated with two postal facilities that processed the letters -- Trenton in New Jersey and Brentwood in Washington, D.C. -- contracted anthrax and two Brentwood employees died. The U.S. Postal Service closed Trenton and Brentwood, but other contaminated postal facilities remained open. GAO's review covers Trenton, Brentwood, and three of these other facilities. As requested, this report describes the following: (1) the factors considered in deciding whether to close the five facilities, (2) the information communicated to postal employees about health risks and the extent of the facilities' contamination, and (3) how lessons learned from the response to the contamination could be used in future situations. GAO is making recommendations to help ensure that the Postal Service has comprehensive, clear, accurate, and up-to-date guidance for any future anthrax response. The Postal Service indicated that it had taken or would take action on GAO's recommendations.
Download or read book US Postal Service written by Bernard L. Ungar and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003-08 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2001, letters contaminated with anthrax resulted in 23 cases of the disease, 5 deaths, and the contamination of numerous U.S. Postal Service facilities, including the Southern CT Processing and Dist. Center in Wallingford, CT. This report addresses whether: the Postal Service followed applicable guidelines and requirements for informing employees at the facility about the contamination; and lessons can be learned from the response to the facility's contamination. To help prevent a reoccurrence of communication problems, this report recommends that the Postal Service, OSHA, GSA, and the Nat. Response Team work together to revise their existing reg's. to require prompt communication of available test results, including quantitative results, to workers and others.
Download or read book U S Postal Service guidance on suspicious mail needs further refinement report to the Ranking Minority Member Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs U S Senate written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Postal Service written by Mark L. Goldstein and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2004-12 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Sept. & Oct. 2001, at least 4 letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to news media personnel & 2 U.S. Senators, leading to the first cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax in the U.S. Nine postal employees assoc. with 2 postal facilities that processed the letters -- Trenton, NJ & Brentwood, DC -- contracted anthrax. The USPS closed Trenton & Brentwood, but other contaminated postal facilities remained open. This report covers Trenton, Brentwood, & 3 of these other facilities. It describes: the factors considered in deciding whether to close the 5 facilities; the info. communicated to postal employees about health risk & the extent of the facilities' contam'n.; & how lessons learned from the response to the contam'n. could be used in future situations.
Download or read book Anthrax detection agencies need to validate sampling activities in order to increase confidence in negative results written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September and October 2001, contaminated letters laced with Bacillus anthracis, or anthrax spores,1 were sent through the mail to two senators, Thomas Daschle and Patrick Leahy, and members of the media. The letters led to the first cases of anthrax disease related to bioterrorism in the United States. The postal facilities in New Jersey and Washington, D.C., that processed the senators letters became heavily contaminated Other mail routed through these facilities, as well as additional ones in the postal network, also became contaminated. Numerous federal facilities in the Washington, D.C., area the U.S. Supreme Court, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and main State Department buildings were also later found to be contaminated.
Download or read book Anthrax Detection written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioterrorism public health response to anthrax incidents of 2001 report to the Honorable Bill Frist majority leader U S Senate written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mail Security Incidents at DoD Mail Facilities Exposed Problems That Require Further Action written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Postal Service written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-02-05 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. Postal Service: Better Guidance Is Needed to Improve Communication Should Anthrax Contamination Occur in the Future
Download or read book Stamping Out Anthrax in USPS Facilities written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats, and International Relations and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 108 1 Hearing Stamping Out Anthrax in USPS Facilities Technologies and Protocols For Bioagent Detection May 19 2003 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Homeland Security written by Norman J. Rabkin (au) and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2005-09 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Postal Service key postal transformation issues written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biosecurity and Bioterrorism written by Jeffrey Ryan and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2011-08-30 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosecurity and Bioterrorism is the first book to take a holistic approach to biosecurity with coverage of pathogens, prevention and response methodology. The book is organized into four thematic sections: Part I provides a conceptual understanding of biowarfare, bioterrorism and the laws we have to counteract this; Part II investigates known bioagents and the threat from emerging diseases; Part III focuses on agricultural terrorism and food security; Part IV outlines international, US, and local initiatives for biodefense and biosecurity. Case studies illustrate biodefense against both intentional terrorism and natural outbreaks. The authors bring an extraordinary combination of experience in academia and the clinical world, as well as real-world experience in technical and practical matters, to their writing. They make technical material clear and fascinating for readers with a basic knowledge of biology. Ryan and Glarum address the hazards in the context of vulnerability assessments and the planning strategies government and industry can take to prepare for and respond to such events. - How are these agents used in biowarfare? - How likely are we to face either a natural outbreak or intentional human/animal infection? - How can we prepare for this effectively?
Download or read book Open for business written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Molecularisation of Security written by Christopher Long and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-23 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the way that the molecular sciences are shaping contemporary security practices in relation to the governance of biological threats. In response to biological threats, such as pandemics and bioterrorism, governments around the world have developed a range of new security technologies, called medical countermeasures, to protect their populations. This book argues that the molecular sciences’ influence has been so great that security practices have been molecularised. Focusing on the actions of international organisations and governments in the past two decades, this book identifies two contrasting conceptions of the nature or inherent workings of molecular life as driving this turn. On the one hand, political notions of insecurity have been shaped by the contingent or random nature of molecular life. On the other, the identification of molecular life’s constant biological dynamics supports and makes possible the development and stockpiling of effective medical countermeasures. This study is one of the few to take seriously the conceptual implications that the detailed empirical workings of biotechnology have on security practices today. This book will be of much interest to students of security studies, bio-politics, life sciences, global governance, and International Relations in general.
Download or read book U S Postal Service written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2001, letters contaminated with anthrax resulted in 23 cases of the disease, 5 deaths, and the contamination of numerous U.S. Postal Service facilities, including the Southern Connecticut Processing and Distribution Center in Wallingford, Connecticut (the Wallingford facility). GAO was asked to address, among other matters, whether (1) the Postal Service followed applicable guidelines and requirements for informing employees at the facility about the contamination and (2) lessons can be learned from the response to the facility's contamination. The Wallingford facility first tested positive for anthrax in early December 2001. The contamination was found in samples collected from four mail-sorting machines in November. Analyses of the samples produced quantified results, including about 3 million anthrax colonies, or living anthrax cells, in one of the samples. While this was far more than the amount needed to cause death, none of the employees at the facility became sick from the anthrax contamination. The Postal Service's decision not to inform workers about the number of anthrax colonies identified in December 2001 appears consistent with its guidelines because, according to the Service, it could not validate the results, as required. However, its subsequent decision not to release the results after an employee union requested all the facility's test results in January and February 2002, was not consistent with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) requirement for disclosing test results that are requested. An OSHA investigation resulted in the Service's release of the quantitative test results in September 2002--about 9 months after the results were first known. Although OSHA did not issue a regulatory citation, it expressed concern about communication deficiencies. In retrospect, the Service's decision not to release the quantitative test results in December 2001 was understandable given the challenging circumstances that existed at the time, the advice it received from public health officials, an ongoing criminal investigation, and uncertainties about the sampling methods used. However, numerous lessons can be learned from the experience, such as the need for more complete and timely information to workers to maintain trust and credibility and to help ensure that workers have essential information for making informed health decisions. Federal guidelines developed in 2002 by GSA and the National Response Team suggest that more--rather than less--information should be disclosed. However, neither the Service's guidelines nor the more recent federal guidelines fully address the communication-related issues that developed in Wallingford. For example, none of the guidelines specifically require the full disclosure of quantified test results. Likewise, OSHA's regulations do not require employers to disclose test results to workers unless requested, which assumes that workers are aware of the test results and know about this requirement.
