Download or read book U S Canada Productivity Gap Scale Economies and the Gains from Freer Trade written by Ponugoti Someshwar Rao and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S CANADA PRODUCTIVITY GAP SCALE ECONOMICS AND THE GAINS FROM FREER TRADE written by Economic Council of Canada and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Long and Short of the Canada U S Free Trade Agreement written by Daniel Trefler and published by Cambridge, MA. : National Bureau of Economic Research. This book was released on 2001 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA) provides a unique window on the effects of trade liberalization. It was an unusually clean trade policy exercise in that it was not bundled into a larger package of macroeconomic or market reforms. This paper uses the 1989-96 Canadian FTA experience to examine the short-run adjustment costs and long-run efficiency gains that flow from trade liberalization. For industries subject to large tariff cuts (these are typically low-end' manufacturing industries), the short-run costs included a 15% decline in employment and about a 10% decline in both output and the number of plants. Balanced against these large short-run adjustment costs were long-run labour productivity gains of 17% or a spectacular 1.0% per year. Although good capital stock and plant-level data are lacking, an attempt is made to identify the sources of FTA-induced labour productivity growth. Surprisingly, this growth is not due to rising output per plant, increased investment, or market share shifts to high-productivity plants. Instead, half of the 17% labour productivity growth appears due to favourable plant turnover (entry and exit) and rising technical efficiency
Download or read book Economic Opportunities in Freer U S Trade with Canada written by Fredric C. Menz and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1991-07-03 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the recently implemented Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement and highlights its implications for manufacturing, engineering, and technological firms and for service industries. Because the perspective is global as well as regional, the concerns of both multinational and smaller businesses are addressed. The text focuses on how the economic environment in both countries will change as a result of the agreement, and how businesses should respond to those changes. It also discusses past, present, and future trade relations between Canada and the United States and between North America and Europe. Contributors to this volume include academic authorities Richard G. Lipsey, Alan M. Rugman, Steven Blank, and Jeffrey J. Schott; Canadian and U.S. Business leaders G. Firman Bentley, Daniel Walsh, and Pierre S. Pettigrew; and government officials Gerald E. Shannon, James Tarrant, Thomas M. T. Niles, and Richard M. McGahey.
Download or read book Trade Liberalization and Productivity Dynamics written by Alla Lileeva and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper investigates the productivity effects of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement on Canadian manufacturing. It finds that Canadian tariff cuts increased exit rates among moderately productive non-exporting plants. This led to the reallocation of market share towards highly productive plants, which explains the aggregate productivity gains observed when Canadian tariffs were reduced. The U.S. tariff cuts led to the within-plant productivity gains in exporters and, especially, new entrants into the export market. Any lack of output responses and labor-shedding as a consequence of the FTA was experienced by non-exporting plants, while exporters captured the gains from the FTA.
Download or read book The Bottom Line written by Economic Council of Canada and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research report and recommendations on industrial policy and trade policy for the promotion of technological change, trade liberalization and economic growth in Canada - discusses trade structure and declining productivity trends (1950-1981); the patent system, role of state aid and subsidies in the promotion and diffusion of innovations; stresses the need for research and development, adjustment assistance, export promotion, reduction of trade barriers, production specialization, etc. Diagrams and graphs.
Download or read book Making It Big written by Andrea Ciani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.
Download or read book Canada s Productivity Performance written by Ponugoti Someshwar Rao and published by Canada Communications Group. This book was released on 1992 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study discuses issues and problems associated with international productivity and real income comparisons. It reviews the trends in Canada's productivity and the trends in Canada's labour productivity and real income performance, relative to other G-7 countries with special reference to the United States. It also outlines the theoretical underpinnings of an econometric model to explain productivity growth and gives a brief summary of regression results for Canada, the United States, Japan, and West Germany. It analyzes the causes of the slowdown in Canadian productivity since 1973 using the estimated equations. In addition, it examines the reasons for Canada's poor manufacturing productivity performance relative to that of the major economies and summarizes the findings of the study.
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Download or read book A Comparison of the Total Factor Productivity and Total Cost Performance of Canadian and U S Industries written by Ponugoti Someshwar Rao and published by [Ottawa ] : Economic Council of Canada. This book was released on 1992 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Globalization and Poverty written by Ann Harrison and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, the percentage of the world’s population living on less than a dollar a day has been cut in half. How much of that improvement is because of—or in spite of—globalization? While anti-globalization activists mount loud critiques and the media report breathlessly on globalization’s perils and promises, economists have largely remained silent, in part because of an entrenched institutional divide between those who study poverty and those who study trade and finance. Globalization and Poverty bridges that gap, bringing together experts on both international trade and poverty to provide a detailed view of the effects of globalization on the poor in developing nations, answering such questions as: Do lower import tariffs improve the lives of the poor? Has increased financial integration led to more or less poverty? How have the poor fared during various currency crises? Does food aid hurt or help the poor? Poverty, the contributors show here, has been used as a popular and convenient catchphrase by parties on both sides of the globalization debate to further their respective arguments. Globalization and Poverty provides the more nuanced understanding necessary to move that debate beyond the slogans.
Download or read book Canada United States Free Trade written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canada United States Free Trade written by David Milne and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book United States Mexico Free Trade Agreement written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Development Report 2009 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-11-04 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising densities of human settlements, migration and transport to reduce distances to market, and specialization and trade facilitated by fewer international divisions are central to economic development. The transformations along these three dimensions density, distance, and division are most noticeable in North America, Western Europe, and Japan, but countries in Asia and Eastern Europe are changing in ways similar in scope and speed. 'World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography' concludes that these spatial transformations are essential, and should be encouraged. The conclusion is not without controversy. Slum-dwellers now number a billion, but the rush to cities continues. Globalization is believed to benefit many, but not the billion people living in lagging areas of developing nations. High poverty and mortality persist among the world's 'bottom billion', while others grow wealthier and live longer lives. Concern for these three billion often comes with the prescription that growth must be made spatially balanced. The WDR has a different message: economic growth is seldom balanced, and efforts to spread it out prematurely will jeopardize progress. The Report: documents how production becomes more concentrated spatially as economies grow. proposes economic integration as the principle for promoting successful spatial transformations. revisits the debates on urbanization, territorial development, and regional integration and shows how today's developers can reshape economic geography.
Download or read book The U S Canada Free Trade Agreement written by Amy Skolnik and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regions at the Crossroads written by Michael Foster and published by Cape Breton University Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
