Download or read book Two bridge Links Pretzel Knots and Bi orderability written by Jonathan C. Johnson (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The orderability of a 3-manifold group is closely connected to the topological properties of the manifold. Link groups are always left-orderable. However, there are link groups which are known to be bi-orderable, as well as link groups known not to be bi-orderable. In this dissertation, the bi-orderability of some families of link groups is shown. We show that two-bridge links with Alexander polynomials whose coefficients are coprime are extensions of Z by residually torsion-free nilpotent groups. It follows from a result of Linnell-Rhemtulla-Rolfsen[30] that if a two-bridge link has an Alexander polynomial with coprime coefficients and all real positive roots, then its link group is bi-orderable. In particular, if a two-bridge knot has an Alexander polynomial with all real positive roots, then its knot group is bi-orderable. This result shows that a large family of knots whose cyclic branched covers are known to be L-spaces have bi-orderable knot groups. Additionally, using a technique developed by Mayland, the pretzel knots P(-3, 3, 2r + 1) are shown to have bi-orderable knot groups. Issa-Turner[20] showed that all the cyclic branched covers of these knots are L-spaces. Finally, a family of genus one pretzel knots are shown to have bi-orderable knot groups and double branched covers which are not L-spaces

Download or read book Grid Homology for Knots and Links written by Peter S. Ozsváth and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2015-12-04 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knot theory is a classical area of low-dimensional topology, directly connected with the theory of three-manifolds and smooth four-manifold topology. In recent years, the subject has undergone transformative changes thanks to its connections with a number of other mathematical disciplines, including gauge theory; representation theory and categorification; contact geometry; and the theory of pseudo-holomorphic curves. Starting from the combinatorial point of view on knots using their grid diagrams, this book serves as an introduction to knot theory, specifically as it relates to some of the above developments. After a brief overview of the background material in the subject, the book gives a self-contained treatment of knot Floer homology from the point of view of grid diagrams. Applications include computations of the unknotting number and slice genus of torus knots (asked first in the 1960s and settled in the 1990s), and tools to study variants of knot theory in the presence of a contact structure. Additional topics are presented to prepare readers for further study in holomorphic methods in low-dimensional topology, especially Heegaard Floer homology. The book could serve as a textbook for an advanced undergraduate or part of a graduate course in knot theory. Standard background material is sketched in the text and the appendices.

Download or read book Knots and Links written by Peter R. Cromwell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-10-14 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A richly illustrated 2004 textbook on knot theory; minimal prerequisites but modern in style and content.

Download or read book 3 manifold Groups written by Matthias Aschenbrenner and published by Erich Schmidt Verlag GmbH & Co. KG. This book was released on 2015 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of 3-manifold topology has made great strides forward since 1982 when Thurston articulated his influential list of questions. Primary among these is Perelman's proof of the Geometrization Conjecture, but other highlights include the Tameness Theorem of Agol and Calegari-Gabai, the Surface Subgroup Theorem of Kahn-Markovic, the work of Wise and others on special cube complexes, and, finally, Agol's proof of the Virtual Haken Conjecture. This book summarizes all these developments and provides an exhaustive account of the current state of the art of 3-manifold topology, especially focusing on the consequences for fundamental groups of 3-manifolds. As the first book on 3-manifold topology that incorporates the exciting progress of the last two decades, it will be an invaluable resource for researchers in the field who need a reference for these developments. It also gives a fast-paced introduction to this material. Although some familiarity with the fundamental group is recommended, little other previous knowledge is assumed, and the book is accessible to graduate students. The book closes with an extensive list of open questions which will also be of interest to graduate students and established researchers.

Download or read book Bordered Heegaard Floer Homology written by Robert Lipshitz and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors construct Heegaard Floer theory for 3-manifolds with connected boundary. The theory associates to an oriented, parametrized two-manifold a differential graded algebra. For a three-manifold with parametrized boundary, the invariant comes in two different versions, one of which (type D) is a module over the algebra and the other of which (type A) is an A∞ module. Both are well-defined up to chain homotopy equivalence. For a decomposition of a 3-manifold into two pieces, the A∞ tensor product of the type D module of one piece and the type A module from the other piece is ^HF of the glued manifold. As a special case of the construction, the authors specialize to the case of three-manifolds with torus boundary. This case can be used to give another proof of the surgery exact triangle for ^HF. The authors relate the bordered Floer homology of a three-manifold with torus boundary with the knot Floer homology of a filling.

Download or read book Ordered Groups and Topology written by Adam Clay and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2016-11-16 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the connections between topology and ordered groups. It begins with a self-contained introduction to orderable groups and from there explores the interactions between orderability and objects in low-dimensional topology, such as knot theory, braid groups, and 3-manifolds, as well as groups of homeomorphisms and other topological structures. The book also addresses recent applications of orderability in the studies of codimension-one foliations and Heegaard-Floer homology. The use of topological methods in proving algebraic results is another feature of the book. The book was written to serve both as a textbook for graduate students, containing many exercises, and as a reference for researchers in topology, algebra, and dynamical systems. A basic background in group theory and topology is the only prerequisite for the reader.

Download or read book An Introduction to Knot Theory written by W.B.Raymond Lickorish and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selection of topics which graduate students have found to be a successful introduction to the field, employing three distinct techniques: geometric topology manoeuvres, combinatorics, and algebraic topology. Each topic is developed until significant results are achieved and each chapter ends with exercises and brief accounts of the latest research. What may reasonably be referred to as knot theory has expanded enormously over the last decade and, while the author describes important discoveries throughout the twentieth century, the latest discoveries such as quantum invariants of 3-manifolds as well as generalisations and applications of the Jones polynomial are also included, presented in an easily intelligible style. Readers are assumed to have knowledge of the basic ideas of the fundamental group and simple homology theory, although explanations throughout the text are numerous and well-done. Written by an internationally known expert in the field, this will appeal to graduate students, mathematicians and physicists with a mathematical background wishing to gain new insights in this area.

Download or read book Introduction to Combinatorial Torsions written by Vladimir Turaev and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to combinatorial torsions of cellular spaces and manifolds with special emphasis on torsions of 3-dimensional manifolds. The first two chapters cover algebraic foundations of the theory of torsions and various topological constructions of torsions due to K. Reidemeister, J.H.C. Whitehead, J. Milnor and the author. We also discuss connections between the torsions and the Alexander polynomials of links and 3-manifolds. The third (and last) chapter of the book deals with so-called refined torsions and the related additional structures on manifolds, specifically homological orientations and Euler structures. As an application, we give a construction of the multivariable Conway polynomial of links in homology 3-spheres. At the end of the book, we briefly describe the recent results of G. Meng, C.H. Taubes and the author on the connections between the refined torsions and the Seiberg-Witten invariant of 3-manifolds. The exposition is aimed at students, professional mathematicians and physicists interested in combinatorial aspects of topology and/or in low dimensional topology. The necessary background for the reader includes the elementary basics of topology and homological algebra.

Download or read book Discrete Painlev Equations written by Nalini Joshi and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2019-05-30 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discrete Painlevé equations are nonlinear difference equations, which arise from translations on crystallographic lattices. The deceptive simplicity of this statement hides immensely rich mathematical properties, connecting dynamical systems, algebraic geometry, Coxeter groups, topology, special functions theory, and mathematical physics. This book necessarily starts with introductory material to give the reader an accessible entry point to this vast subject matter. It is based on lectures that the author presented as principal lecturer at a Conference Board of Mathematical Sciences and National Science Foundation conference in Texas in 2016. Instead of technical theorems or complete proofs, the book relies on providing essential points of many arguments through explicit examples, with the hope that they will be useful for applied mathematicians and physicists.

Download or read book The K book written by Charles A. Weibel and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2013-06-13 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informally, $K$-theory is a tool for probing the structure of a mathematical object such as a ring or a topological space in terms of suitably parameterized vector spaces and producing important intrinsic invariants which are useful in the study of algebr

Download or read book Why are Braids Orderable written by Patrick Dehornoy and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the decade since the discovery that Artin's braid groups enjoy a left-invariant linear ordering, several quite different approaches have been applied to understand this phenomenon. This book is an account of those approaches, involving self-distributive algebra, uniform finite trees, combinatorial group theory, mapping class groups, laminations, and hyperbolic geometry. This volume is suitable for graduate students and research mathematicians interested in algebra and topology.

Download or read book Topology and Robotics written by Michael Farber and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2007 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the literary works of Capek and Asimov, mankind has been fascinated by the idea of robots. Modern research in robotics reveals that along with many other branches of mathematics, topology has a fundamental role to play in making these grand ideas a reality. This volume summarizes recent progress in the field of topological robotics--a new discipline at the crossroads of topology, engineering and computer science. Currently, topological robotics is developing in two main directions. On one hand, it studies pure topological problems inspired by robotics and engineering. On the other hand, it uses topological ideas, topological language, topological philosophy, and specially developed tools of algebraic topology to solve problems of engineering and computer science. Examples of research in both these directions are given by articles in this volume, which is designed to be a mixture of various interesting topics of pure mathematics and practical engineering.

Download or read book Monopoles and Three Manifolds written by Peter Kronheimer and published by . This book was released on 2007-12-20 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2007 book provides a comprehensive treatment of Floer homology, based on the Seiberg-Witten equations. Suitable for beginning graduate students and researchers in the field, this book provides a full discussion of a central part of the study of the topology of manifolds.

Download or read book Antifascisms written by David Ward and published by Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an in-depth analysis of three of the most crucial years in twentieth-century Italian history, the years 1943-46. After more than two decades of a Fascist regime and a disastrous war experience during which Italy changed sides, these years saw the laying of the political and cultural foundations for what has since become known as Italy's First Republic. Drawing on texts from the literature, film, journalism, and political debate of the period, Antifascisms offers a thorough survey of the personalities and positions that informed the decisions taken in this crucial phase of modern Italian history.

Download or read book Introduction to Arithmetic Groups written by Armand Borel and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifty years after it made the transition from mimeographed lecture notes to a published book, Armand Borel's Introduction aux groupes arithmétiques continues to be very important for the theory of arithmetic groups. In particular, Chapter III of the book remains the standard reference for fundamental results on reduction theory, which is crucial in the study of discrete subgroups of Lie groups and the corresponding homogeneous spaces. The review of the original French version in Mathematical Reviews observes that “the style is concise and the proofs (in later sections) are often demanding of the reader.” To make the translation more approachable, numerous footnotes provide helpful comments.

Download or read book Foliations and the Geometry of 3 Manifolds written by Danny Calegari and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2007-05-17 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique reference, aimed at research topologists, gives an exposition of the 'pseudo-Anosov' theory of foliations of 3-manifolds. This theory generalizes Thurston's theory of surface automorphisms and reveals an intimate connection between dynamics, geometry and topology in 3 dimensions. Significant themes returned to throughout the text include the importance of geometry, especially the hyperbolic geometry of surfaces, the importance of monotonicity, especially in1-dimensional and co-dimensional dynamics, and combinatorial approximation, using finite combinatorical objects such as train-tracks, branched surfaces and hierarchies to carry more complicated continuous objects.

Download or read book Lectures on Three Manifold Topology written by William H. Jaco and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 1980-12-31 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manuscript is a detailed presentation of the ten lectures given by the author at the NSF Regional Conference on Three-Manifold Topology, held October 1977, at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. The purpose of the conference was to present the current state of affairs in three-manifold topology and to integrate the classical results with the many recent advances and new directions.