Download or read book Turkey Before and After Ataturk written by Sylvia Kedourie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey's modern history has been unstable and contradictory. National identity continues to be an issue as Turks are faced with joining the West and preserving their own culture. The emergence of Islamicism contributes to the question of how safe the secular constitutional democracy is.
Download or read book Eternal Dawn written by Ryan Gingeras and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amid the tensions and uncertainties that plagued the globe before the Second World War, the Republic of Turkey appeared to many as a unique and constructive model for how a state was to be reformed and governed in the modern era. For many interwar observers, Turkey was a country that seemed to have radically transformed itself into a nation that was united, strong, and progressive, one that was unburdened by its past. A general consensus held that Turkey's founding president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, was the chief architect and engineer of this feat, a belief that placed him among the greatest reforming statesmen in world history. This general perception of Atatürk and his revolutionary rule has largely endured to this day. As a study grounded in largely untapped archival and scholarly sources, Eternal Dawn presents a definitive look inside the development and evolution of Atatürk's Turkey. Rather than presenting the country's founding and transformation as an extension of Mustafa Kemal's life and achievements, scholar Ryan Gingeras presents Turkey's early years as the culmination of a variety of social and political forces dating back to the late Ottoman Empire. Eternal Dawn presses beyond the reigning mythology that still envelops this period and challenges many of the standing assumptions about the limits, successes, and consequences of the reforms that comprised Mustafa Kemal's revolution. Through a detailed survey of social and political conditions that defined life in the capital as well as Turkey's diverse provinces, Gingeras lays bare many of the harsh realities and bitter legacies incurred as a result of the republic's establishment and transformation. Atatürk's revolution, upon final analysis, destroyed as much as it built, and established precedents that both strengthen and torment the country to this day.
Download or read book 12 September in Turkey written by Milli Güvenlik Konseyi (Turkey). General Secretariat and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies in Atat rk s Turkey written by George Sellers Harris and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly all of the previous scholarship on Turkey and U.S. relations cover the Cold War period as well as current affairs with regard to security, strategy, and defense. Hence, the literature abounds with military orientation. This edited volume builds on a historical perspective and focuses on foreign relations, diplomacy, actors, mutual perceptions and reciprocity in diplomatic relations within the framework of the world conjuncture in the 1920s and 1930s. Relations with the U.S.A. have served as a balance in Turkey's Euro-Atlantic policy long before NATO was established. Likewise, re-building relations with the Republic of Turkey served U.S. interests in opening to the Near East and thus breaking away from its much lauded isolationist policy between the two world wars. Thus, the picture that emerges here is just as much a history of U.S. diplomacy as it is of Turkey.
Download or read book 12 September in Turkey written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Young Atat rk written by George W. Gawrych and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2013-04-16 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of a 2014 Distinguished Book Award from The Society of Military History and Shortlisted for the 2014 Longman-History Today Book Prize Mustafa Kemal - latterly and better known as Ataturk - is without doubt the most famous figure in modern Turkish history. But what was his path to power? And how did his early career as a soldier in the Ottoman army affect his later decisions as President? The Young Ataturk tracks the lesser covered period of Kemal's life - from the War of Independence to the founding of the Republic. George W. Gawrych shows that it is only by understanding Kemal's military career that one can fully comprehend how he evolved as one of the twentieth century's most extraordinary statesmen. Gawrych also contributes to the understanding of Kemal by presenting a systematic and critical analysis of his military writings, orders, actions, and letters as well as his political decisions, speeches, proclamations, and private correspondences. Soldiering helped shape Kemal's critical reasoning, personal values and emotional intelligence. His experiences as an officer and commander forced him to adjust theories to practices in order to solve problems and make decisions. But Kemal was a natural political leader and his broad intellectual interests and personal studies helped prepare him for political leadership. Gawrych demonstrates that in the last year of the War of Independence Kemal excelled as both Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and President of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Gawrych incorporates previously-unstudied Ottoman archival documents and is the first Western scholar to conduct extensive research on Kemal in the military archives of the Turkish General Staff. This book is essential reading for those seeking to understand the establishment of the Republic of Turkey and the part that Kemal played in that process.
Download or read book The Past in Pieces written by Rebecca Bryant and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2011-09-28 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On April 23, 2003, to the surprise of much of the world, the ceasefire line that divides Cyprus opened. The line had partitioned the island since 1974, and so international media heralded the opening of the checkpoints as a historic event that echoed the fall of the Berlin Wall. As in the moment of the Wall's collapse, cameras captured the rush of Cypriots across the border to visit homes unwillingly abandoned three decades earlier. It was a euphoric moment, and one that led to expectations of reunification. But within a year Greek Cypriots overwhelmingly rejected at referendum a United Nations plan to reunite the island, despite their Turkish compatriots' support for the plan. In The Past in Pieces, anthropologist Rebecca Bryant explores why the momentous event of the opening has not led Cyprus any closer to reunification, and indeed in many ways has driven the two communities of the island further apart. This chronicle of the "new Cyprus" tells the story of the opening through the voices and lives of the people of one town that has experienced conflict. Over the course of two years, Bryant studied a formerly mixed town in northern Cyprus in order to understand both experiences of life together before conflict and the ways in which the dissolution of that shared life is remembered today. Tales of violation and loss return from the past to shape meanings of the opening in daily life, redefining the ways in which Cypriots describe their own senses of belonging and expectations of the political future. By examining the ways the past is rewritten in the present, Bryant shows how even a momentous opening may lead not to reconciliation but instead to the discovery of new borders that may, in fact, be the real ones.
Download or read book Mustafa Kemal Atat rk and the Republic of Turkey written by Charles River Editors and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-28 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes a bibliography for further reading "In human life, you will find players of religion until the knowledge and proficiency in religion will be cleansed from all superstitions, and will be purified and perfected by the enlightenment of real science." - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk The long agony of the "sick man of Europe," an expression used by the Tsar of Russia to depict the falling Ottoman Empire, could almost blind people to its incredible power and history. Preserving its mixed heritage, coming from both its geographic position rising above the ashes of the Byzantine Empire and the tradition inherited from the Muslim Conquests, the Ottoman Empire lasted more than six centuries. Its soldiers fought, died, and conquered lands on three different continents, making it one of the few stable multi-ethnic empires in history, and likely one of the last. Thus, it's somewhat inevitable that the history of its decline is at the heart of complex geopolitical disputes, as well as sectarian tensions that are still key to understanding the Middle East, North Africa and the Balkans. Despite it all, the Ottoman Empire would survive for over 200 more years, and in the last century of its life it strove to reform its military, administration and economy until it was finally dissolved. Years before the final collapse of the Empire, the Tanzimat ("Reorganization"), a period of swiping reforms, led to significant changes in the country's military apparatus, among others, which certainly explains the initial success the Ottoman Empire was able to achieve against its rivals. Similarly, the drafting of a new Constitution (Kanûn-u Esâsî, basic law) in 1876, despite it being shot down by Sultan Abdul Hamid II just two years later, as well as its revival by the "Young Turks" movement in 1908, highlights the understanding among Ottoman elites that change was needed, and their belief that such change was possible. The fall of the Ottoman Empire set the political and geostrategic scene of the new Middle East. In 1920, two years after the end of the war, the region was already experiencing growing instability. The issues and trends that would plague the region until today were growing. On April 4, Arab riots broke out in Jerusalem, fueled by the growing hostility against the Zionist movement. The British passivity would convince one of the Jewish leaders, Vladimir Jabotinsky (the future founder of the Israeli right-wing), of the strategic necessity of a strong Jewish military as the core of the future state. Just two weeks later in Turkey, the Grand National Assembly in Ankara set the foundation of the Turkish state, opening the way for several years of reforms. In Iraq, a Shiite revolt broke out in the south, as locals demanded the creation of an Islamic state. The British compromise was to place Faisal, the son of Sharif Hussein and a Sunni, on the throne. His father, meanwhile, was embroiled in a conflict with a local tribe, the Ibn Saud, that sought to carve a new kingdom in the Arabian Peninsula. More broadly, the long decline of the "sick man of Europe" fostered the emergence of nationalistic and ideological movements that are still key to any understanding of the Middle East today. The compatibility between the Islamic religion and culture and Western reforms were first discussed within the Ottoman Empire, and they are still up for debate today. Abdul Hamid's pan-Islamism, while its results at the time remain limited, still resonates within the Muslim world and can still be seen as a viable rival to the region's various nationalistic aspirations. This book examines how the empire collapsed and was replaced by modern Turkey. Along with pictures of important people and events, you will learn about Atatürk and the founding of Turkey like never before.
Download or read book Unravelling the Kashmir Knot written by Aman Hingorani and published by Pan Macmillan. This book was released on 2024-06-28 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Since the partition of India in 1947, Jammu & Kashmir has been a site of frequent unrest and violence. In Unravelling the Kashmir Knot, author and senior advocate Aman Hingorani applies a legal lens to ongoing debates surrounding the national identity of the region and its people, recounting how decades of misconceived policies have culminated in its current state of affairs. The book decrypts major milestones in the history of J&K, from the signing of the Instrument of Accession in 1947 and the Reference to the United Nations in 1948 to the Abrogation of Article 370 in 2023, critically examining their stipulations and impact on global opinion on the Kashmir issue. Drawing from personal correspondences and official documentation, Hingorani explores the role that larger-than-life figures like Jawaharlal Nehru, Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Louis Mountbatten played in shaping the Kashmir policies of their nations. He discusses the influence of Pakistan and China in J&K in the context of geo-political and strategic realities, and the possible depoliticization of the Kashmir issue through the International Court of Justice. Comprehensive yet accessible, Unravelling the Kashmir Knot plucks lesser-known details about J&K’s history from obscurity and emphasizes the importance of charting a realistic path forward to resolve the Kashmir issue.
Download or read book The Role of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in the Recent History of Turkey written by Nadiia Kudriashova and published by . This book was released on 2019-05-19 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2017 in the subject History - Miscellaneous, language: English, abstract: The defeat of Germany, on the side of which the Ottoman Empire fought, in the First World War, the military setbacks, and discontent in the country, and, finally, the surrender of Turkey in October 1918 put an end to the power of the Young Turks, who defended the integrity of the empire. The Allies annexed all of its external possessions. The question arose what post-war Turkey should be. In these difficult days, the Turkish people, led by new leaders, whose main goal was the independence of all Turkey, took over the decision of the issue. On the wave of national-patriotic upsurge in April 1920, in Ankara, a new Majlis was elected - the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The chairman of the Assembly was Mustafa Kemal Pasha (known as Ataturk), who proclaimed the new body the only legitimate authority in Turkey. The problem of the role of Kemal Ataturk in the recent history of Turkey has long attracted the attention of orientalists by its relevance, complexity, and versatility. However, it is especially noteworthy that, at a critical stage in the development of the Turkish state, Kemal Ataturk found the strength, courage, and talent to re-evaluate the role of his country in the world history, lead the struggle for national liberation and independent development of Turkey. Thanks to this, Ataturk eliminated the caliphate, was the first among the Turks who turn views towards civilizational Europe, and, taking advantage of the fact that the country is fighting for national liberation, ended the Sharia, the sultanate, and the caliphate, intensified the policy of Westernization, managed to convince the Turks that the secular nature of the state with a careful attitude to the traditions of Islam is the guarantee of the country's further well-being. He is regarded as a person who sought to turn Turkey to Western culture. Thanks to him, Turkey has become the only Islamic country t
Download or read book The New Encyclopedia of Islam written by Cyril Glassé and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2008 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensively encompasses the beliefs, practices, history, and culture of the Islamic world in a single, scholarly volume. Features over 1400 fully revised entries including a wide range of new entries covering the contemporary Islamic scene.
Download or read book Formation of the Turkish Nation State 1920 1938 written by Yesim Bayar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-19 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a historical sociological examination of the formulation and institutionalization of Turkish nationhood during the early Republic (1920-1938). Focusing on the language, education, and citizenship policies advanced during the period, it looks at how the Republican elite situated different ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups.
Download or read book Turkey written by Sean Sheehan and published by Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC. This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the geography, history, government, economy, and culture of Turkey. All books of the critically-acclaimed Cultures of the World® series ensure an immersive experience by offering vibrant photographs with descriptive nonfiction narratives, and interactive activities such as creating an authentic traditional dish from an easy-to-follow recipe. Copious maps and detailed timelines present the past and present of the country, while exploration of the art and architecture help your readers to understand why diversity is the spice of Life.
Download or read book The Turkey of Atat rk written by Donald Everett Webster and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond written by Antony Best and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-06-03 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This major global history of the twentieth century is written by four prominent international historians for first-year undergraduate level and upward. Using their thematic and regional expertise, the authors cover events in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa and the Americas from the last century and beyond. Among the areas this book covers are: the decline of European hegemony over the international order the diffusion of power to the two superpowers the rise of newly independent states in Asia and Africa the course and consequences of the major global conflicts of the twentieth century. This second edition is thoroughly updated, and includes extended coverage of European integration, the rise of supra-governmental organizations, and the ‘global War on Terror'. A support website provides supplementary exercises, questions and tutor guidance.
Download or read book DK Eyewitness Turkey written by DK Eyewitness and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2016-05-17 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Turkey will lead you straight to the best attractions this beautiful part of the world has to offer. Visit Hagia Sophia, experience the hot springs of Pamukkale, and explore the country region-by-region - from local festivals and markets to day trips around the countryside. Discover DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Turkey. + Detailed itineraries and "don't-miss" destination highlights at a glance. + Illustrated cutaway 3-D drawings of important sights. + Floor plans and guided visitor information for major museums. + Guided walking tours, local drink and dining specialties to try, things to do, and places to eat, drink, and shop by area. + Area maps marked with sights. + Detailed city maps include street finder indexes for easy navigation. + Insights into history and culture to help you understand the stories behind the sights. + Hotel and restaurant listings highlight DK Choice special recommendations. With hundreds of full-color photographs, hand-drawn illustrations, and custom maps that illuminate every page, DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Turkey truly shows you this country as no one else can.
