Download or read book Cross Lingual Word Embeddings written by Anders Søgaard and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of natural language processing (NLP) is English language processing, and while there is good language technology support for (standard varieties of) English, support for Albanian, Burmese, or Cebuano--and most other languages--remains limited. Being able to bridge this digital divide is important for scientific and democratic reasons but also represents an enormous growth potential. A key challenge for this to happen is learning to align basic meaning-bearing units of different languages. In this book, the authors survey and discuss recent and historical work on supervised and unsupervised learning of such alignments. Specifically, the book focuses on so-called cross-lingual word embeddings. The survey is intended to be systematic, using consistent notation and putting the available methods on comparable form, making it easy to compare wildly different approaches. In so doing, the authors establish previously unreported relations between these methods and are able to present a fast-growing literature in a very compact way. Furthermore, the authors discuss how best to evaluate cross-lingual word embedding methods and survey the resources available for students and researchers interested in this topic.

Download or read book Machine Translation Systems written by Jonathan Slocum and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Adjective Adverb Interfaces in Romance written by Martin Hummel and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the current discussion on grammatical interfaces, the word-classes of adjective and adverb are of particular interest because they appear to be separated or joined in manifold ways at the level of word-class or syntax, with morphology playing a prominent role, especially in Romance. The volume provides typological and theoretical insights into the common or different usage of adjectives and adverbs in Romance. Diachronic change is discussed alongside with synchronic variation and the representation in grammar. The discussion turns out to be controversial, calling into question traditional assumptions such as the dogma of the invariability and the categorial status of the adverb.

Download or read book Dependency Parsing written by Sandra Kübler and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dependency-based methods for syntactic parsing have become increasingly popular in natural language processing in recent years. This book gives a thorough introduction to the methods that are most widely used today. After an introduction to dependency grammar and dependency parsing, followed by a formal characterization of the dependency parsing problem, the book surveys the three major classes of parsing models that are in current use: transition-based, graph-based, and grammar-based models. It continues with a chapter on evaluation and one on the comparison of different methods, and it closes with a few words on current trends and future prospects of dependency parsing. The book presupposes a knowledge of basic concepts in linguistics and computer science, as well as some knowledge of parsing methods for constituency-based representations. Table of Contents: Introduction / Dependency Parsing / Transition-Based Parsing / Graph-Based Parsing / Grammar-Based Parsing / Evaluation / Comparison / Final Thoughts

Download or read book Anaphora Resolution written by Massimo Poesio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-04 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book lays out a path leading from the linguistic and cognitive basics, to classical rule-based and machine learning algorithms, to today’s state-of-the-art approaches, which use advanced empirically grounded techniques, automatic knowledge acquisition, and refined linguistic modeling to make a real difference in real-world applications. Anaphora and coreference resolution both refer to the process of linking textual phrases (and, consequently, the information attached to them) within as well as across sentence boundaries, and to the same discourse referent. The book offers an overview of recent research advances, focusing on practical, operational approaches and their applications. In part I (Background), it provides a general introduction, which succinctly summarizes the linguistic, cognitive, and computational foundations of anaphora processing and the key classical rule- and machine-learning-based anaphora resolution algorithms. Acknowledging the central importance of shared resources, part II (Resources) covers annotated corpora, formal evaluation, preprocessing technology, and off-the-shelf anaphora resolution systems. Part III (Algorithms) provides a thorough description of state-of-the-art anaphora resolution algorithms, covering enhanced machine learning methods as well as techniques for accomplishing important subtasks such as mention detection and acquisition of relevant knowledge. Part IV (Applications) deals with a selection of important anaphora and coreference resolution applications, discussing particular scenarios in diverse domains and distilling a best-practice model for systematically approaching new application cases. In the concluding part V (Outlook), based on a survey conducted among the contributing authors, the prospects of the research field of anaphora processing are discussed, and promising new areas of interdisciplinary cooperation and emerging application scenarios are identified. Given the book’s design, it can be used both as an accompanying text for advanced lectures in computational linguistics, natural language engineering, and computer science, and as a reference work for research and independent study. It addresses an audience that includes academic researchers, university lecturers, postgraduate students, advanced undergraduate students, industrial researchers, and software engineers.

Download or read book Trade marks for Perfumes Toilet Articles and Soaps written by Toilet Goods Association and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Hall of the Age of Man written by Henry Fairfield Osborn and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mine Gases and Safety Lamps written by Robert Young Williams and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Enemies of Youth written by Deets Pickett and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Motor Truck written by and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Commission Leaflet written by American Telephone and Telegraph Company. Legal Department and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 1306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Annualog written by Louis S. Treadwell and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Corpus Approaches to Social Media written by Sofia Rüdiger and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions in Corpus Approaches to Social Media address technical, ethical, and methodological issues by showcasing in-depth social media studies as conducted by corpus scholars.

Download or read book Nature s Finer Forces written by Annie Wood Besant and published by Franklin Classics. This book was released on 2018-10-15 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book The Coming of the World Teacher written by Annie Besant and published by . This book was released on 2013-10 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a new release of the original 1926 edition.