Download or read book Tritium Characterization in Cement and Concrete written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation of the relationship between tritium surface activity measurements and the accompanying tritium concentration through the bulk of concrete exposed to tritium at two locations at the DOE Savannah River Site has been completed. The goal of this work was to increase the understanding of the relationship of measured surface activity to the underlying bulk tritium concentration in concrete, and the nature of tritium contamination in concrete generally.
Download or read book Corroborative Studies of Tritium Characterization and Depth Profiles in Concrete written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is the second by the authors on characterizing the tritium content of cement and structural concrete. The first report reviewed the literature and used several new methods to characterize tritium on the surface and through the bulk of contaminated concrete at two facilities at the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site (SRS). In both cases, a relatively constant tritium concentration as a function of depth was observed, which has not been previously reported in the literature. These findings were explained as the relatively rapid transport of tritiated liquid through pores of the hydrated cement, and the exchange of tritium with hydrogen found primarily as free and bound water in the hydrated cement binder. The study reported here extended the measurement of surface and bulk tritium in concrete to three other locations at SRS. The purpose of the current study was to characterize locations whose tritium exposure histories were well documented, and to characterize a location exposed exclusively to gaseous tritium, to confirm and possibly extend the knowledge gained from the earlier study. Results of the current study corroborate the earlier findings, in that the tritium concentration was constant through the bulk when exposed to aqueous tritium, even from a single aqueous tritium exposure. Exposure to gaseous tritium, on the other hand, lead to the well-known diffusion controlled variation of tritium concentration reported in the literature. Sufficient exposure history is available to enable a semi-quantitative explanation of the magnitude and depth dependence of the tritium in both the aqueous- and gas-exposed locations. The penetration of tritium from a liquid can be described by a hydraulic flow model, and gaseous tritium permeates in a diffusive manner. The general correlation of properly measured surface tritium activity to that in the underlying bulk found in the earlier study was confirmed. However, the surface and near surface tritium concentration is sensitive to changing humidity conditions and other surface and environmental effects, so the correlation may be only approximate in specific cases.
Download or read book Characterization and Optimization of the KATRIN Tritium Source written by Alexander Marsteller and published by . This book was released on 2020* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Final Characterization Report for the 104 B 1 Tritium Vault and 104 B 2 Tritium Laboratory written by David B. Encke and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tritium Waste Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combined Electrolysis Catalytic Exchange system was modified to allow better control of experimental conditions and to prevent the overflow of water into the air detritation system. A program designed to regenerate the activity of the hydrophobic catalyst was also completed. Slight differences in the release rate of high specific activity tritiated liquid wastes from the drums are now beginning to appear. The three drums with the highest fractional permeation rate had the least amount of tritium when packaged. The fractional permeation rate of the two octane drums appears to have leveled off at about the same rate as the oil and water drums. Tests continued on samples of cement and cement-plaster mixtures which were injected with 386 Ci of tritiated water, cured, and then impregnated with catalyzed styrene monomer. After polymerization, the samples were put into uncontaminated water and the tritium concentration was monitored. No significant differences were noted except in two cases when the polyethylene bottle had been removed, which resulted in 35 to 80 times more tritium being released into the surrounding water. Full scale (cold) waste drum No. 5 was polymerized with excellent results. Pressure increase and gas composition were measured over (1) tritiated water without fixation, (2) polymer-impregnated concrete, and (3) nonpolymer concrete. Activities for all samples were 10 Ci/m/sup 3/. Pressure buildup results are essentially the same for concrete made with tritiated distilled water and tritiated waste water. However, the pressure buildup rate is slightly higher for the polymer impregnated concrete than for the nonpolymer concrete. Mass analysis of the cover gas over tritiated water without fixation and over the polymer and nonpolymer concrete samples made with tritiated waste water show that hydrogen represents about 85% of the gas generated.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Multi Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials written by Niki Kringos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-26 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The micro- and nano-modification of infrastructure materials and the associated multi-scale characterization and simulation has the potential to open up whole new uses and classes of materials, with wide-ranging implications for society. The use of multi-scale characterization and simulation brings the ability to target changes at the very small scale that predictably effect the bulk behavior of the material and thus allowing for the optimization of material behavior and performance. The International RILEM Symposium on Multi-Scale Modeling and Characterization of Infrastructure Materials (Stockholm, June 10-12, 2013) brought together key researchers from around the world to present their findings and ongoing research in this field in a focused environment with extended discussion times. From asphalt to concrete, from chemistry to mechanics, from nano- to macro-scale: the collection of topics covered by the Symposium represents the width and depth of the currently ongoing efforts of developing more sustainable infrastructure materials. Researchers, practitioners, undergraduates and graduate students engaged in infrastructure materials or multi-scale characterization and modeling efforts can use this book as a comprehensive reference, to learn about the currently ongoing research efforts in this field or as an inspiration for new research ideas to enhance the long-term performance of infrastructure materials from a fundamental perspective. The Symposium was held under the auspices of the RILEM Technical Committee on Nanotechnology-Based Bituminous Materials 231-NBM and the Transport Research Board (TRB) Technical Committee on Characteristics of Asphalt Materials AFK20.
Download or read book Safe Handling of Tritium written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication contains information on the dosimetry and monitoring of tritium, the use of protective clothing for work with tritium, safe practices in tritium handling laboratories and details of tritium compatible materials. The information has been compiled from experience in the various applications of tritium and should represent valuable source material to all users of tritium, including those involved in fusion R&D.
Download or read book Tritium Control Technology written by P. H. Lamberger and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemistry of Cements for Nuclear Applications written by P. Barret and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1992-08-17 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent times the nuclear industry has thrown up challenges which cannot be met by the application of conventional civil and materials engineering knowledge. The contributions in this volume investigate all aspects of cement performance. The scope of the papers demonstrate the current balance of activities which have as their objective the elucidation of kinetics and immobilization, determining material interactions and of assessing future performance. The papers reflect the varied goals of the sponsors who include national governments, the Commission of the European Communities and the nuclear industries, coming together to keep each other at the forefront of advanced technology.
Download or read book Environmental Aspects of Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes written by Pierre Côté and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1989 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radionuclide and Metal Sorption on Cement and Concrete written by Michael Ochs and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cementitious materials are being widely used as solidification/stabilisation and barrier materials for a variety of chemical and radioactive wastes, primarily due to their favourable retention properties for metals, radionuclides and other contaminants. The retention properties result from various mineral phases in hydrated cement that possess a high density and diversity of reactive sites for the fixation of contaminants through a variety of sorption and incorporation reactions. This book presents a state of the art review and critical evaluation of the type and magnitude of the various sorption and incorporation processes in hydrated cement systems for twenty-five elements relevant for a broad range of radioactive and industrial wastes. Effects of cement evolution or ageing on sorption/incorporation processes are explicitly evaluated and quantified. While the immobilisation of contaminants by mixing-in during hydration is not explicitly addressed, the underlying chemical processes are similar. A quantitative database on the solid/liquid distribution behaviour of radionuclides and other elements in hydrated cement systems is established on the basis of a consistent review and re-evaluation of literature data. In addition to recommended values, all underlying original experimental data and key experimental info rmation are provided, which allows users to trace the given recommendations or to develop their own set of key values. This database is closely tied to the safety analysis of near surface disposal of radioactive waste in Belgium. It focuses on radioelements, toxic stable elements and heavy metals, which makes it relevant for investigations involving the interaction of radioactive and conventional contaminants with cement-based barriers.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976-04 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Government Research Development Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1969-10 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nondestructive Characterization of Materials in Aging Systems Volume 503 written by Robert L. Crane and published by Mrs Proceedings. This book was released on 1998-08-14 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 43 papers describe new techniques for characterizing the location and size of cracks, the extent of water absorption in adhesives and other polymers, neutron-induced losses of fracture toughness in reactor steels, and the weathering of concrete. They also present applications to structures that for economic reasons are being used well past their design lives. Special emphasis is given to the structural health of concrete, defects in high- strength aircraft materials, and steels in nuclear reactors. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Fusion Science and Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
