Download or read book Trichloroethylene Contaminated Soil Clean up Using Surfactant based Separation Technology and Bioremediation written by Sasikarn Chuahom and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surfactant-based separation technology and bioremediation was integrated to enhance the removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) from soil. In this system, cloud point extraction by non-ionic surfactant was conducted to separate high amount of TCE into the surfactant-rich phase and then bioremediation was integrated into the system by adding bacteria to co-metabolize the remaining TCE. Six surfactant systems including SURFONIC TDA-5, SURFONIC TDA-6, SURFONIC L24-7, NEODOL 91-5, NEODOL 91-6 without electrolyte addition and DTAB/DOWFAX (2:1 molar ratio) with 0.8 M NaCI were studied. These surfactants induced a phase separation with the surfactant-rich phase presented on top of the solution thus preventing the accumulation of surfactant on soil particles. The results found that SURFONIC TDA-6, SURFONIC L24-7, an NEODOL 91-6 did not inhibit TCE degradability of either Rhodococcus sp. L4 or Phodococcus sp. P3 bacteria while others killed the bacteria. Rhodococcus sp. L4 degraded TCE effectively in the presence of SURFONIC TDA-6, in which more than 58% of 10 ppm TCE was reduced within 24 hours compared to only 30% of TCE removal in control treatment (without the bacteria), SURFONIC TDA-6 was then selected for determining the optimal condition for TCE extraction consisting of equilibrium time, contact time between surfactant solution and soil and initial concentration of surfactant. The optimal condition for TCE extraction by cloud point technique were as followed; 72 hours of equilibrium time, 1 lour of contact time between soil and surfactant solution, and 70 mM of initial concentration of surfactant. These acquired conditions were later applied to compare the effectiveness of three TCE treatment processes including: (1) bioremediation, (2) surfactant extraction and (3) integrated technique. TCE removal efficiency was determined from the remaining TCE concentration in soil after treatment. The TCE removal efficiency of 100 ppm TCE contaminated soil by bioremediation, surfactant extraction and integrated technique were about 74%, 74% and 94%, respectively. Morever, TCE was mineralized as showed by the increase of chloride ions after remediation by bioremediation and integrated technique. When increased the amount of initial TCE to 300 ppm, the removal efficiency of the integrated technique was about 94% which was around 30% higher than either technique alone. The result found that soil remediation by the integrated technique had the highest TCE removal efficiency.
Download or read book Contaminated Soil 95 written by W.J. van den Brink and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-21 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These volumes contain the proceedings of the Fifth FZK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil. The themes discussed are as follows: 1. National and International Programmes. 2. Site Investigation. 3. Emission and Fate of Contaminants. 4. Characterization of Contaminated Soil. 5. Effects and Risks. 6. Standards and Protocols: Legal, Economic and Social Aspects. 7. Remediation of Contaminated Soil. 8. Sustainable Land Use. 9. Setting Priorities for Remediation Options. 10. Contributions from Workshops and Technical Sessions.
Download or read book Surfactant Assisted Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene Contaminated Soil written by Margaret Ewube Egbe and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biotechnological Strategies for Effective Remediation of Polluted Soils written by Bhupendra Koul and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive collection of various in situ and ex-situ soil remediation regimes that employ natural or genetically modified microbes, plants, and animals for the biodegradation of toxic compounds or hazardous waste into simpler non-toxic products. These techniques are demonstrated to be functionally effective in connection with physical, chemical, and biological strategies. Soil and water contamination through heavy metals, hydrocarbons and radioactive wastes is of global concern, as these factors have cumulative effects on the environment and human health through food-chain contamination. The book discusses the utilization of algae, plants, plant-associated bacteria, fungi (endophytic or rhizospheric) and certain lower animals for the sustainable bioremediation of organic and inorganic pollutants. In addition, it explores a number of more recent techniques like biochar and biofilms for carbon sequestration, soil conditioning and remediation, and water remediation. It highlights a number of recent advances in nanobioremediation, an emerging technology based on biosynthetic nanoparticles. Lastly, it presents illustrative case studies and highlights the successful treatment of polluted soils by means of these strategies.
Download or read book Groundwater and Soil Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-21 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive, up-to-date review of technologies for cleaning up contaminants in groundwater and soil. It provides a special focus on three classes of contaminants that have proven very difficult to treat once released to the subsurface: metals, radionuclides, and dense nonaqueous-phase liquids such as chlorinated solvents. Groundwater and Soil Cleanup was commissioned by the Department of Energy (DOE) as part of its program to clean up contamination in the nuclear weapons production complex. In addition to a review of remediation technologies, the book describes new trends in regulation of contaminated sites and assesses DOE's program for developing new subsurface cleanup technologies.
Download or read book A Modeling Study for the Implementation of in Situ Cometabolic Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene Contaminated Groundwater written by John Christ and published by . This book was released on 1997-12-01 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The limitations of conventional groundwater remediation technologies have led to the development of innovative technologies which may achieve national hazardous waste site remediation goals. Before an innovative technology can be implemented in the field, remedial project managers, regulators and other stakeholders require adequate modeling tools to help assess the applicability of the technology at a particular site. This modeling study investigates how an innovative technology, in situ cometabolic bioremediation, might be implemented to remediate a TCE-contaminated site, under different site conditions. A steady- state model is developed which couples an analytical expression to simulate the effect of flow between multiple pumping and injection wells, with an expression to calculate TCE removal as groundwater circulates through in situ bioreactors established around the injection wells. Varying site conditions and well configurations are investigated to determine their effect on the overall treatment efficiency of a system. A dual screen well design is found to be an effective method for contaminant capture and treatment given typical values of anisotropy. Investigation of a multiple row implementation concept proves it to be an effective configuration for site cleanup. The model is integrated into interactive software which serves as a technology screening tool.
Download or read book Phytoremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils written by Stephanie Fiorenza and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in phytoremediation as a solution for contaminants in groundwater and soil has exploded. The project documented in Phytoremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils presents innovative technology for environmental clean up using in situ treatment. It describes the results of a field study focusing on hydrocarbon contamination, especially polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, in surface and near surface soils. The field demonstration used soils contaminated with aged diesel fuels. The random block design enabled the investigators to test the statistical difference in the effects of different vegetated and unvegetated treatments. They tested the degradation of diesel and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon components in plots containing three different vegetation treatments, two grasses and a legume, and a non-vegetated control. Part one of the monograph gives a complete and thorough account of the results of the field study. Part two covers the design and potential costs of a full-scale implementation of the demonstration system as well as the performance and potential application of the new technology. Phytoremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils supplies quantitative results about the use of vegetation in soil remediation. The information given on the niches and limitations of the technologies allows for a more informed selection of remedial solutions for environmental cleanup.
Download or read book Phytoremediation written by David Tsao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-02-12 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This [volume] provides a general overview of phytotechnologies. Authors from private industry, academia, the consulting community and regulatory agencies have all contributed to [it]. Starting with the basic processes and mechanisms occurring in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, the typical applications of vegetation for cleaning up and remediating contaminated sites are described. Since the growth of vegetation is paramount to this technology, the factors within the subsurface environment affecting growth are discussed in detail as well. These include the processes and factors in the soil environment that affect the plant and the subsurface microbial community. After these two "introductory" chapters, the most prevalent applications of phytotechnologies are reviewed. These include vegetated systems for treating organic and inorganic contaminants in solid media, hydraulic systems for controlling and treating contaminant groundwater plumes, and vegetative covers for surface water protection and landfill leachate management. Finally, this monograph concludes with a discussion of the regulatory implications of applying this technology towards the clean up and remediation of contaminated sites worldwide."--Pages ix-x
Download or read book Phytoremediation Technology for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Other Contaminants from Soil and Water written by Vineet Kumar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-02-07 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytoremediation Technology for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Other Contaminants from Soil and Water focuses on the exploitation of plants and their associated microbes as a tool to degrade/detoxify/stabilize toxic and hazardous contaminants and restore the contaminated site. The book introduces various phytoremediation technologies using an array of plants and their associated microbes for environmental cleanup and sustainable development. The book mainly focuses on the remediation of toxic and hazardous environmental contaminants, their phytoremediation mechanisms and strategies, advances and challenges in the current scenario. This book is intended to appeal to students, researchers, scientists and a wide range of professionals responsible for regulating, monitoring and designing industrial waste facilities. Engineering consultants, industrial waste managers and purchasing department managers, government regulators, and graduate students will also find this book invaluable. - Provides natural and eco-friendly solutions to deal with the problem of pollution - Details underlying mechanisms of phytoremediation of organic and inorganic contaminants with enzymatic roles - Describes numerous, successful field studies on the application of phytoremediation for eco-restoration of contaminated sites - Presents recent advances and challenges in phytoremediation research and applications for sustainable development - Provides authoritative contributions on the diverse aspects of phytoremediation by world leading experts
Download or read book Ex Situ Surfactant Enhanced Bioremediation of NAPL Impacted Vadose Zone written by Roger Saint-Fort and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents a review of surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of hydrophobic organic contaminants in the soil with a focus on ex situ method. Conventional strategies of disposal methods in secure landfill and incineration have become cost prohibitive and environmentally risky and do not restore the contaminated soil, whereas chemical and physical methods have shown very limited success and can also be expensive.Traditional bioremediation pertaining to remedial technology of hydrophobic organic contaminants in soil has empirically demonstrated limited success due to their low aqueous solubility. Addition of single synthetic surfactant or biosurfactant, or in combination, has the potential to increase their mass transfer phase, hence their bioavailability. Surfactant-enhanced biodegradation represents a promising cost-effective alternative to complete mineralization of hydrophobic organic contaminants in soil. In this work, the potential of surfactants on the remediation of contaminated soil in an ex situ approach is reviewed with considerations given to the practical aspects of field components. Surfactant-enhanced biodegradation represents a promising cost-effective alternative to complete mineralization of hydrophobic organic contaminants in soil. In this work, the potential of surfactants on the remediation of contaminated soil in an ex situ approach is reviewed with considerations given to the practical aspects of field components.
Download or read book Alternatives for Ground Water Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There may be nearly 300,000 waste sites in the United States where ground water and soil are contaminated. Yet recent studies question whether existing technologies can restore contaminated ground water to drinking water standards, which is the goal for most sites and the result expected by the public. How can the nation balance public health, technological realities, and cost when addressing ground water cleanup? This new volume offers specific conclusions, outlines research needs, and recommends policies that are technologically sound while still protecting health and the environment. Authored by the top experts from industry and academia, this volume: Examines how the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the subsurface environment, as well as the properties of contaminants, complicate the cleanup task. Reviews the limitations of widely used conventional pump-and-treat cleanup systems, including detailed case studies. Evaluates a range of innovative cleanup technologies and the barriers to their full implementation. Presents specific recommendations for policies and practices in evaluating contamination sites, in choosing remediation technologies, and in setting appropriate cleanup goals.
Download or read book EPA National Publications Catalog written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surfactant Enhancements written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phytotechnologies written by Naser A. Anjum and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-10-23 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytotechnologies: Remediation of Environmental Contaminants highlights the use of natural and inherent traits of plants and associated microbes to exclude, accumulate, or metabolize a variety of contaminants, with the goal of efficiently and sustainably decontaminating the biosphere from unwanted hazardous compounds. Contributed by an internationa
Download or read book Innovative Site Remediation Technology written by William C. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kinetic Study Of Bio Remediation Of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil written by Yahaya Danjuma Baba and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-09 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil contamination by hydrocarbon pollutants is becoming prevalent across the globe; this is undoubtedly due to high dependence on petroleum as a major source of energy. Several clean up technologies are currently available to treat soil contaminated with hazardous materials, these include excavation and containment in secured landfills, vapor extraction, stabilization and solidification, soil flushing, and solvent extraction. Many of these technologies, however, are either too costly or do not result in complete degradation of the pollutants. The drawbacks of these conventional clean up technologies has spurred investigation into biological treatment i.e. Bioremediation which appears to be among the most promising methods for dealing with a wide range of organic contaminants, particularly petroleum hydrocarbons. This book reveals the result of the investigation of the kinetics of bioremediation of soil contaminated with crude oil using natural stimulants by employing the land farming bioremediation technology. Effects of natural stimulants (i.e. moringa Oleifera cake, soya bean cake and cassava peel powder) on crude oil contaminated soil were carried in a microcosm study.
Download or read book Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene by Use of Polymer Bio beads and Quantification of Diffusion of Trichloroethylene Through Various Polymer Membranes written by Kirsten E. Hillyer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trichloroethylene is a wide spread carcinogenic contaminate in groundwater, present in roughly 60% America's Superfund sites. Beginning in the early 1900's, TCE was commonly used as an anesthetic, food processing agent, industrial degreaser, and dry cleaning agent. In 1989 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) implemented a maximum contaminate level (MCL) on chlorinated solvents such as TCE. Although TCE usage is strictly regulated now, the previous 100+ years of usage has left a significant amount of contamination in the environment worldwide. TCE is a dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL), making it particularly difficult to remediate. TCE travels down through groundwater until it reaches a confining layer, resulting in a persistent contamination problem for decades. Bioremediation has moved to the forefront as cost effective treatment technology for the remediation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs), but many of these methods are still in the research phase due to the struggles the environment presents. Elevated dissolved oxygen, low pH, and high concentration of contaminates contribute to the inability of unprotected microorganisms to effectively reduce TCE. Encapsulation of microorganisms into "bio-beads" presents an opportunity to address each of these environmental challenges. For this thesis bio-beads, were developed utilizing biodegradable polymer and a reductive dechlorinating bacterium consortia known as KB-1, were subjected to various concentrations of TCE. The TCE rate of degradation was monitored to assess the kinetics of TCE reduction and organism viability. To better understand the mass transfer of TCE through the bio-beads, the diffusion coefficient of TCE through the various polymers used to create the beads was quantified. The quantification was completed by casting the polymers in membranes. With the quantification of the diffusion coefficient of TCE through various polymer membranes, development of the bio-beads can be modified in the future to improve the reaction kinetics of the bioremediation of TCE.
