Download or read book Trends in European Forest Tree Physiology Research written by Satu Huttunen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing con'. ;ern for the serious problems of forest decline that occurred in the Northern Hemisphere in the late 1970's and early 1980 's led to an emphasis on the necessity of promoting and setting up investigations into the basic physiological mechanisms of forest trees. Since then, the concern about rapid changes has decreased along with the increase of monitored data on European forests health status. But tree physiology has faced new questions about changing climate and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Advances in plant molecular biology and forest genetics have opened up new avenues in the research on forest tree physiology. At the same, time it has become evident that molecular and genetic tools give only a basis for further research on tree structure and function, which needs basic tree physiology again. On the other hand, the problems of forest decline in Europe are not over. They are no longer discussed daily in the media, but stress is an everyday phenomenon experienced by European forest trees. For instance, in southern Europe and mountainous regions, drought stress and many other abiotic or biotic factors are stressors and cause problems to forests with many important social and protective functions. Stress physiology is a branch of everyday physiology in traditional forestry. How to grow a forest with maximal carbon binding functions and optimal wood quality and rich in biodiversity.

Download or read book Impacts of Climate Change on Tree Physiology and Responses of Forest Ecosystems written by Mariangela Fotelli and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-27 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme climatic events, such as intense and prolonged droughts and heat waves, are occurring with increasing frequency and with pronounced impacts on forests. Forest trees, as long-lived organisms, need to develop adaptation mechanisms to successfully respond to such climatic extremes. Whether physiological adaptations on the tree level result in ecophysiological responses that ensure plasticity of forest ecosystems to climate change is currently in the core forest research. Within this Special Issue, forest species' responses to climatic variability were reported from diverse climatic zones and ecosystem types: from near-desert mountains in western USA to tropical forests in central America and Asia, and from Mediterranean ecosystems to temperate European forests. The clear effects of constraints related to climate change were evidenced on the tree level, such as in differentiated gene expression, metabolite abundance, sap flow rates, photosynthetic performance, seed germination, survival and growth, while on the ecosystem level, tree line shifts, temporal shifts in allocation of resources and species shifts were identified. Experimental schemes such as common gardens and provenance trails also provided long-term indications on the tolerance of forest species against drought and warming and serve to evaluate their performance under the predicted climate in near future. These findings enhance our knowledge on the potential resilience of forest species and ecosystems to climate change and provide an updated basis for continuing research on this topic.

Download or read book Progress in Botany written by Karl Esser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-11-13 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences. The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, physiology, comparative morphology, systematics, ecology, and vegetation science.

Download or read book Trees at their Upper Limit written by Gerhard Wieser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-15 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The product of decades of intensive research into alpine timberlines, this book presents a complete synthesis of current knowledge on the ecophysiology of tree growth and survival on high mountains in Europe. Amid growing realization that high elevation forests have a crucial role to play in protection against natural hazards, this book sets a new standard for research on the ecophysiology of trees growing at the alpine timberline.

Download or read book Wood Formation in Trees written by Nigel J Chaffey and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-01-10 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trees are a major component of the biosphere and have played an important part in the world's history and culture. With the modern challenges of global warming and dwindling fossil fuel reserves, trees, and in particular their wood, can provide solutions. Unfortunately, too little is known about the biology of these plants, due largely to a lack of

Download or read book Tropospheric Ozone written by S.B. Agrawal and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2021-09-20 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents updated and relevant information on the tropospheric ozone problem and its effects on the plants and human health. The contributions here present in-depth knowledge about history, pattern, sources, environmental factors and other necessary aspects of the tropospheric ozone problem. The book provides a balanced view of current developments on the effects of the tropospheric ozone on plant and human health, crop production and ecosystem services. In addition to the effects of the tropospheric ozone on growth and physiological and biochemical traits, it also considers the molecular basis of plant responses to ozone. The book encompasses a holistic view on various interconnected issues of ozone pollution, and will appeal to scientists from all over the world.

Download or read book Air Pollution Global Change and Forests in the New Millennium written by D.F. Karnosky and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-12-18 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters in this book present a snapshot of the state of knowledge of air pollution effects at the beginning of the 21st century. From their different disciplines, a distinguished collection of authors document their understanding of how leaves, trees, and forests respond to air pollutants and climate change. Scenarios of global change and air pollution are described. The authors describe responses of forests to climate variability, tropospheric ozone, rising atmospheric CO2, the combination of CO2 and ozone, and deposition of acidic compounds and heavy metals. The responses to ozone receive particular attention because of increasing concern about its damaging effects and increasing concentrations in rural areas. Scaling issues are addressed - from leaves to trees, from juvenile trees to mature trees, from short-term responses to long-term responses, and from small-scale experiments and observations to large-scale forest ecosystems. This book is one major product of a conference sponsored by the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, the USDA Forest Service Global Change Northern Stations Program, the Arthur Ross Foundation, NCASI, the Canadian Forest Service, and Michigan Technological University. The conference, held in May 2000 in Houghton, Michigan, USA, was appropriately titled "Air Pollution, Global Change, and Forests in the New Millennium". The Editors, David Karnosky, Kevin Percy, Art Chappelka, Caroline Simpson, and Janet Pikkarainen organized the conference and edited this book.

Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Forest Growth Trends in Europe written by Hans-Peter Kahle and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2008-05-31 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest growth in Europe has been increasing during the last decades. Several possible causes have been suggested. In this book complementary approaches are used to discriminate between factors. Increased nitrogen availability is indicated as the major cause of the observed growth increase. In the future, direct temperature effects and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration are likely to become more important.

Download or read book Air Pollution Impacts on Plants in East Asia written by Takeshi Izuta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-13 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the only book to offer an up-to-date overview of air pollution in East Asia and the effects of air pollutants such as ozone, acid deposition and aerosols on Asian crops and trees. It is unique in that it discusses the fundamentals of environmental plant science and research advances in the area at the plant ecophysiology level. It addresses various topics, including gaseous air pollutants such as ozone; soil acidification and atmospheric nitrogen deposition due to acid deposition; PM2.5 and the effects of air pollutants on growth, yield and physiological functions such as photosynthesis of crops and trees in East Asia. It is a valuable resource for environmental scientists, plant scientists, government officials, industrialists, environmentalists, undergraduate and graduate students and anyone interested in the application of the latest findings to agricultural production and protection of forest ecosystems in Asia. It also provides useful information for professionals involved in research, development, production, processing and marketing of agricultural products, including those in developing countries who are interested in advanced environmental science in this field.

Download or read book Trace Gas Exchange in Forest Ecosystems written by R. Gasche and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes the current knowledge on the exchange of trace gases between forests and the atmosphere with the restriction that exclusively carbon and nitrogen compounds are included. For this purpose the volume brings together and interconnects knowledge from different disciplines of biological and atmospheric sciences. It covers microbial and plant processes involved in the production and consumption of these trace gases; the exchange processes between forest soils and vegetation on the one hand, and the atmosphere on the other hand; the fate of the trace gases exchanged inside the atmosphere as well as environmental influences on the exchange of trace gases between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. With this interdisciplinary approach the volume provides the background for an evaluation of the exchange of trace gases between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere and man-made disturbances of this exchange.

Download or read book Tree Physiology and Yield Improvement written by Melvin G. R. Cannell and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon fixation efficiency. Shoot and cambial growth. Water stress and waterlogging. Frost hardiness. Mineral nutrition. Problems concerning the use of physiological selection criteria.

Download or read book Plant Epigenetics Coming of Age for Breeding Applications written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics and Breeding, Volume 88, the latest release in the Advances in Botanical Research series, brings together the experiences and critical information teachers, researchers and managers must consider from both scientific and legal points-of-view as they relate to biotechnology. New chapters in this updated volume include sections on Epigenetic Mechanisms in Plants, Epigenomic Diversity and Applications to Breeding, Epigenetics in Breeding, EpiRILs: Lessons from Arabidopsis, Transposable Elements as a Tool for Plant Improvement, Epigenome Editing, Epigenetics and Grafting, Sexual and Non-sexual reproduction, Epigenetics in Cereals, and more. Encompasses various aspects of botanical research, including its historical background, current status, recent research outcomes and potential future developments Written by highly competent authors from all continents Provides data that is based on facts and written in a dispassionate and non-polemical tone

Download or read book Essential Classification written by Vanda Broughton and published by Facet Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classification is an essential skill for all information workers but a difficult concept to grasp - and it's even more difficult to put that theory into practice. This practical guide shows the reader how to go about classifying a document from scratch. Essential Classification guides the novice cataloguer through the practice of subject cataloguing, with an emphasis on practical document analysis and classification. It deals with fundamental questions as to the purpose of classification in different situations, and the needs and expectations of end users. The reader is introduced to the ways in which document content can be assessed, and how this can best be expressed for translation into the language of specific indexing and classification systems. The characteristics of the major general schemes of classification (LCC, DDC, UDC and BC1) are discussed and their suitability for different classification needs. Some basic issues of theory are included to support practical considerations. The emphasis in the chapters on the major classification schemes is on the practical application of those schemes. Key areas discussed are: the purpose of classification the rightness of classification controlled indexing languages concept based retrieval and word based retrieval the structure of classification varieties of classification 1: the enumerative scheme varieties of classification 2: the analytico-synthetic scheme varieties of classification 3: the faceted scheme management aspects of classification the need for classification After reading this book the novice cataloguer will understand the purpose of classification, will be able to choose the best classification scheme to use for their purposes and will have practical experience of the application of those schemes using real documents, practical exercises and worked examples. Readership: This is essential reading for library school students, novice cataloguers and all information workers who need to classify but have not formally been taught how. The book also offers practical guidance to those concerned with the design and maintenance of subject tools: computer scientists, and information and intranet managers.

Download or read book Ethylene in Plant Biology written by Samiksha Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-08-24 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ETHYLENE IN PLANT BIOLOGY Comprehensive resource detailing the role of ethylene in plant development regulation, gene regulation, root development, stress tolerance, and more Ethylene in Plant Biology presents ethylene research from leading laboratories around the globe to allow readers to gain strong foundational coverage of the topic and aid in further ethylene research as it pertains to plant biology. The work covers general ideas as well as more specific and technical knowledge, detailing the overall role of ethylene in plant biology as a gaseous plant hormone that has emerged as an important signaling molecule which regulates several steps of a plant’s life cycle. The ideas covered in the work range from discovery of ethylene, to its wide roles in plant growth and development, all the way to niche topics such as stress acclimation. Written by highly qualified authors in fields directly related to plant biology and research, the work is divided into 20 chapters, with each chapter covering a specific facet of ethylene or the interaction between ethylene and plant health. Topics discussed in the text include: Our current understanding of ethylene and fruit ripening, plus the role of ethylene in flower and fruit development Ethylene implications in root development and crosstalk of ethylene with other phytohormones in plant development Ethylene as a multitasking regulator of abscission processes and powerful coordinator of drought responses Mechanisms for ethylene synthesis and homeostasis in plants, along with ethylene and phytohormone crosstalk in plant defense Ethylene and metabolic reprogramming under abiotic stresses, as well as ethylene’s applications in crop improvement For biologists, scientists, researchers, and policy makers in the agriculture and pharmaceutical industries, Ethylene in Plant Biology is a key resource to understand the state of the art in the field and establish a foundation of knowledge that can power future research efforts and practical applications.

Download or read book Growth and Defence in Plants written by R. Matyssek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants use resources, i.e. carbon, nutrients, water and energy, either for growth or to defend themselves from biotic and abiotic stresses. This volume provides a timely understanding of resource allocation and its regulation in plants, linking the molecular with biochemical and physiological-level processes. Ecological scenarios covered include competitors, pathogens, herbivores, mycorrhizae, soil microorganisms, carbon dioxide/ozone regimes, nitrogen and light availabilities. The validity of the “Growth-Differentiation Balance Hypothesis” is examined and novel theoretical concepts and approaches to modelling plant resource allocation are discussed. The results presented can be applied in plant breeding and engineering, as well as in resource-efficient stand management in agriculture and forestry.

Download or read book Molecular Ecotoxicology of Plants written by Heinrich Sandermann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A well-structured and comprehensive summary of the strategies and several case studies for applying molecular plant genomics in the fields of plant ecotoxicology and plant ecology. With an increasing number of plant genome projects now being completed, there arises the need to develop plant functional genomics. The book concentrates on ecological functions and relates molecular stress responses and signalling pathways to environmental interactions. This paves the way for uncovering new mechanisms of plant fitness, population dynamics and evolution, and new possibilities for plant breeding and sustainable agriculture. Topics covered include: definition and up-scaling of molecular ecotoxicology; signalling substances, enzymes and genes involved in defence against pathogens, xenobiotics, ozone, UV-B and further environmental stressors; and manipulation of plant signal transduction by soil bacteria.

Download or read book Studying Tree Responses to Extreme Events written by Achim Bräuning and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-06-05 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trees are among the longest-living organisms. They are sensitive to extreme climatic events and document the effects of environmental changes in form of structural modifications of their tissues. These modifications represent an integrated signal of complex biological responses enforced by the environment. For example, temporal change in stem increment integrates multiple information of tree performance, and wood anatomical traits may be altered by climatic extremes or environmental stress. Recent developments in preparative tools and computational image analysis enable to quantify changes in wood anatomical features, like vessel density or vessel size. Thus, impacts on their functioning can be related to climatic forcing factors. Similarly, new developments in monitoring (cambial) phenology and mechanistic modelling are enlightening the interrelationships between environmental factors, wood formation and tree performance and mortality. Quantitative wood anatomy is a reliable indicator of drought occurrence during the growing season, and therefore has been studied intensively in recent years. The variability in wood anatomy not only alters the biological and hydraulic functioning of a tree, but may also influence the technological properties of wood, with substantial impacts in forestry. On a larger scale, alterations of sapwood and phloem area and their ratios to other functional traits provide measures to detect changes in a tree’s life functions, and increasing risk of drought-induced mortality with possible impacts on hydrological processes and species composition of plant communities. Genetic variability within and across populations is assumed to be crucial for species survival in an unpredictable future world. The magnitude of genetic variation and heritability of adaptive traits might define the ability to adapt to climate change. Is there a relation between genetic variability and resilience to climate change? Is it possible to link genetic expression and climate change to obtain deeper knowledge of functional genetics? To derive precise estimates of genetic determinism it is important to define adaptive traits in wood properties and on a whole-tree scale. Understanding the mechanisms ruling these processes is fundamental to assess the impact of extreme climate events on forest ecosystems, and to provide realistic scenarios of tree responses to changing climates. Wood is also a major carbon sink with a long-term residence, impacting the global carbon cycle. How well do we understand the link between wood growth dynamics, wood carbon allocation and the global carbon cycle? Papers contribution to this Research Topic will cover a wide range of ecosystems. However, special relevance will be given to Mediterranean-type areas. These involve coastal regions of four continents, making Mediterranean-type ecosystems extremely interesting for investigating the potential impacts of global change on growth and for studying responses of woody plants under extreme environmental conditions. For example, the ongoing trend towards warmer temperatures and reduced precipitation can increase the susceptibility to fire and pests. The EU-funded COST Action STREeSS (Studying Tree Responses to extreme Events: a SynthesiS) addresses such crucial tree biological and forest ecological issues by providing a collection of important methodological and scientific insights, about the current state of knowledge, and by opinions for future research needs.