Download or read book Trends in Early Retirement written by Harold L. Orbach and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trends in Early Retirement written by Harold L. Orbach and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Security and Early Retirement written by Robert Fenge and published by CESifo Book. This book was released on 2005 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical and empirical analysis of the relationship between retirement decision and pension systems, with policy recommendations for reversing the current trend toward early retirement. The contrasting trends toward earlier retirement and greater longevity have resulted in steadily increasing retirement costs over the last forty years. One important factor influencing early retirement decisions is the expansion of retirement benefits; but studies predict that most countries, particularly those with early retirement incentives, will be unable to meet future pension and social security obligations. In this timely CESifo volume, Robert Fenge and Pierre Pestieau examine empirical and theoretical evidence that explains why early retirement has become such a burden for social security systems and suggest pension system reforms that will reverse the trend. Drawing on evidence from the European Union (with comparisons to other industrialized countries including the United States and Canada), the authors demonstrate that the effective retirement age is influenced by social security regulations (such as a change in eligibility age) and discuss ways of measuring these embedded incentives. Fenge and Pestieau examine the implicit taxes on prolonged working life from normative and political economy perspectives. They discuss optimal payroll tax rates that minimize distortions of labor supply and retirement decisions and consider alternative ways to finance benefits, including consumption and capital income taxation. They discuss why policies are designed to discourage employment among older workers and why reforms to counter this often meet resistance. They demonstrate, contrary to the belief of many European governments, that pushing older workers into retirement does not free jobs for young unemployed workers. They show that the gap between salaries and productivity is an incentive for employers to rid themselves of older workers and argue that governments should not support this behavior by compensating older workers for the difference between severance payments and salaries in early retirement programs.
Download or read book Aging and the Macroeconomy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is in the midst of a major demographic shift. In the coming decades, people aged 65 and over will make up an increasingly large percentage of the population: The ratio of people aged 65+ to people aged 20-64 will rise by 80%. This shift is happening for two reasons: people are living longer, and many couples are choosing to have fewer children and to have those children somewhat later in life. The resulting demographic shift will present the nation with economic challenges, both to absorb the costs and to leverage the benefits of an aging population. Aging and the Macroeconomy: Long-Term Implications of an Older Population presents the fundamental factors driving the aging of the U.S. population, as well as its societal implications and likely long-term macroeconomic effects in a global context. The report finds that, while population aging does not pose an insurmountable challenge to the nation, it is imperative that sensible policies are implemented soon to allow companies and households to respond. It offers four practical approaches for preparing resources to support the future consumption of households and for adapting to the new economic landscape.
Download or read book Reversing the Trend Toward Early Retirement written by Robert Louis Clark and published by A E I Press. This book was released on 1981 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Early Retirement Incentive Programs written by Elizabeth L. Meier and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Retirement Before Age 65 written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Early Retirement for Executives written by Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Leaving Early written by Jeanne P. Gordus and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph comprising a literature survey on early retirement in the USA - examines trends in declining labour force participation of men older workers from 1790 to 1975, development of the old age benefit system and growth in private pension schemes, research on attitudes, physical health and mental health outcomes as well as policy issues. Bibliography pp. 73 to 88 and statistical tables.
Download or read book How Changes in Social Security Affect Retirement Trends written by Alan L. Gustman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For married men, we find the conventional view of retirement trends - that the long term trend to early retirement has been reversed - is partially contradicted by recent data. Specifically, descriptive data collected from both the Census and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) suggest that for those in their fifties, over the periods 1992 to 1998 and 1998 to 2004, the trend to early retirement reasserted itself and labor force participation fell. In contrast, for those in their sixties, there was an increase in work. Similarly, for those 65 and over, the amount of work increased. Simulations with a structural retirement model suggest that the recent acceleration of the trend to early retirement for those in their fifties is not the result of the change in Social Security rules. According to our model, changes in Social Security rules are expected to reduce the number of those in their early sixties who are working. This suggests that forces other than changing Social Security rules account for the observed increase in work by those in their early sixties, and that the effects of these forces are stronger than those suggested by the trends in descriptive data. Lastly, the analysis suggests that changing Social Security rules do help to explain the increase in work by those age 65 and older. The effects of these rule changes encourage workers to remain in their long term jobs for a longer time, encourage some to return from retirement to full time work, and encourage more partial retirement. Nevertheless, the changes in retirement induced by Social Security changes have been modest. Due to Social Security changes, the number of 65 year old married men at work increases by about two percentage points at ages 65 and 66, with slightly smaller changes at 67 to 69. Given the low basic labor force participation at 65 and 66, with 20 to 25 percent at full time work, and another 17 percent at part time work, the percentage increases in work due to Social Security changes are three or four times higher.
Download or read book Early Retirement for Executives written by Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Retirement Before Age 65 written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a congressional request, GAO reported on early retirement for individuals who have employer-sponsored pensions, including private, federal, state, local, and military plans. GAO analyses showed that: (1) the percentage of the population receiving employer-sponsored pensions at ages younger than 65 has increased rapidly; (2) individuals with employer-sponsored pension income have much lower labor-force participation rates than nonrecipients of the same age and sex; and (3) the resulting earlier retirements represent a potentially significant loss in federal revenue. GAO found that: (1) some legislative changes have reduced incentives for early retirement and removed obstacles to older worker employment; and (2) additional proposed changes would further remove some of the financial incentives to early retirement from public and private plans.
Download or read book Varieties of Retirement Ages written by Elizabeth L. Meier and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Security Programs and Retirement Around the World written by Jonathan Gruber and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The populations in all industrialized countries are aging rapidly and life life expectancies are increasing. Yet older workers are leaving the labor force at younger and younger ages. In some countries, the labor force participation rates of 60 to 64 year old men have fallen by 75% over the past 30 years. This decline magnifies population trends, further increasing the number of retirees relative to the number of people working. Together these trends have put enormous pressure on the financial solvency of social security systems around the world. Ironically, the provisions of the systems themselves typically contribute to the labor force withdrawal. This paper is a summary of the findings of the evidence in 11 industrialized countries. We distill the key conclusions drawn from the collective findings of the individual papers. It is clear there is a strong correspondence between the age at which benefits are available and departure from the labor force. Social security programs often provide generous retirement benefits at young ages. Also, the provisions of these programs often imply large financial penalties on earnings beyond the social security early retirement age.Furthermore, in many countries disability and unemployment programs effectively provide early retirement benefits before the official social security early retirement age. We conclude that social security program provisions have contributed to the decline in labor force participation of older persons, substantially reducing the potential productive capacity of the labor force. It seems evident that if the trend to early retirement is to be reversed, as will almost surely be dictated by demographic trends, changing the provisions of social security programs that induce early retirement will play a key role.
Download or read book Older Workers in a Globalizing World written by Dirk Hofäcker and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . . . the book can be recommended to all with an interest in the issue of older workers in a globalised world. Ageing and Society Early retirement has been a policy to cope with the problems of massive unemployment in many Western welfare states. However, it has become apparent that this strategy is costly and destroys human capital urgently needed in ageing societies. This book offers a comprehensive and up-to-date study of late-career patterns and processes of early retirement in fourteen OECD countries, using both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. It is an important contribution to life-course research and will provide the foundation for any serious discussion on pension reforms and increasing the employability of older workers. Hans-Jürgen Andreß, University of Cologne, Germany This timely book investigates the growth of the early retirement trend and its varying spread among different groups of older workers in fourteen modern societies. It argues for a differentiated political approach to reverse early retirement, which relies on both pension and employability policies for older workers. Examining the early retirement trend virtually all modern societies have been faced with since the onset of the globalization process in the 1970s and 1980s, this book provides a thorough analysis of older workers late careers and their retirement transitions, as well as explaining why this trend has developed differently between nations. To promote an effective reversal of the early retirement trend, national policymakers are advised not to concentrate their efforts exclusively on reducing the financial incentives for an early exit still present in most national pension systems. In addition, it is also recommended that they invest in the employability of older workers, implying a thorough reconsideration of the design of education and labor market policies. Dirk Hofäcker presents a unique and comprehensive synthesis of theories describing and explaining the trend towards early retirement, and critically discusses their comparative advantages and shortcomings. Researchers and students of sociology, economics, gerontology, demography and comparative welfare states should not be without this book and policymakers and practitioners dealing with labor market policies will find it invaluable.
Download or read book The Graying of Working America written by Harold L. Sheppard and published by New York : Free Press. This book was released on 1977 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph on the need for a reexamination of retirement-age policies in the USA - using population projections, contends that the number of non-working older people receiving old age benefits in proportion to the human resources, force will increase, and discusses trends in early retirement, the impact of problems relating to the rising cost and diminishing supply of energy and natural resources, reduced productivity, etc., and the possibility of extending labour force participation of older workers past age 60, etc. Graphs and statistical tables.
Download or read book Insights in the Economics of Aging written by David A. Wise and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fraction of the population over age sixty-five in many developed countries is projected to rise, in some cases sharply, in coming decades. This has drawn growing interest to research on the health and economic circumstances of individuals as they age. Many individuals are retiring from paid work, yet they are living longer than ever. Their well-being is shaped by their past decisions such as their saving behavior, as well as by current and future economic conditions, health status, medical innovations, and a rapidly evolving landscape of policy incentives and supports. The contributions to Insights in the Economics of Aging uncover how financial, physical, and emotional well-being are integrally related. The authors consider the interactions between financial circumstances in later life, such as household savings and home ownership, physical circumstances such as health and disability, and emotional well-being, including happiness and mental health.
