Download or read book Low Level Radioactive Liquid Waste Treatment at ORNL written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new Process Waste Treatment Plant has been constructed at ORNL. The wastes are processed through a precipitation-clarification step and then through an ion exchange step to remove the low-level activity in the waste before discharge into White Oak Creek.
Download or read book Treatment of ORNL Liquid Low level Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discontinuation of the hydrofracture disposal method at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has caused intensive efforts to reduce liquid waste generation. Improving the treatment of slightly radioactive liquid waste, called process waste, has reduced the volume of the resulting contaminated liquid radioactive waste effluent by 66%. Proposed processing improvements could eliminate the contaminated liquid effluent and reduce solid low-level waste by an additional one-third. The improved process meets stringent discharge limits for radionuclides. Discharge limits for radionuclides are expected to be enforced at the outfall of the treatment plant to a creek; currently, limits are enforced at the reservation boundary. Plant discharge is monitored according to the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit for ORNL. 1 ref., 4 figs., 2 tabs.
Download or read book Status of the ORNL Liquid Low level Waste Management Upgrades written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strategy for management of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL's) radioactively contaminated liquid waste was reviewed. The latest information on waste characterization, regulations, US Department of Energy (DOE) budget guidance, and research and development programs was evaluated to determine how the strategy should be revised. Few changes are needed to update the strategy to reflect new waste characterization, research, and regulatory information. However, recent budget guidance from DOE indicates that minimum funding will not be sufficient to accomplish original objectives to upgrade the liquid low-level waste (LLLW) system to be in compliance with the Federal Facilities Agreement compliance, provide long-term LLLW treatment capability, and minimize Environmental Safety & Health risks. Options are presented that might allow the ORNL LLLW system to continue operations temporarily but significantly reduce its capabilities to handle emergency situations, provide treatment for new waste streams, and accommodate waste from the Environmental Restoration Program and from decontamination and decommissioning of surplus facilities. These options are also likely to increase worker radiation exposure, risk of environmental insult, and generation of solid waste for on-site and off-site disposal/storage beyond existing facility capacities. The strategy will be fully developed after receiving additional guidance. The proposed budget limitations are too severe to allow ORNL to meet regulatory requirements or continue operations long term.
Download or read book Treating Transuranic TRU alpha Low level Waste at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Update of the Management Strategy for Oak Ridge National Laboratory Liquid Low Level Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strategy for management of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) radioactively contaminated liquid waste was reviewed in 1991. The latest information available through the end of 1990 on waste characterization, regulations, US Department of Energy (DOE) budget guidance, and research and development programs was evaluated to determine how the strategy should be revised. Few changes are needed to update the strategy to reflect new waste characterization, research, and regulatory information. However, recent budget guidance from DOE indicates that minimum funding will not be sufficient to accomplish original objectives to upgrade the liquid low-level waste (LLLW) system to comply with the Federal Facilities Agreement, provide long-term LLLW treatment capability, and minimize environmental, safety, and health risks. Options are presented that might allow the ORNL LLLW system to continue operations temporarily, but they would significantly reduce its capabilities to handle emergency situations, provide treatment for new waste streams, and accommodate waste from the Environmental Restoration Program and from decontamination and decommissioning of surplus facilities. These options are also likely to increase worker radiation exposure, risk of environmental insult, and generation of solid waste for on-site and off-site disposal/storage beyond existing facility capacities. The strategy will be fully developed after receipt of additional guidance. The proposed budget limitations are too severe to allow ORNL to meet regulatory requirements or continue operations long term.
Download or read book The Emergency Avoidance Solidification Campaign of Liquid Low level Waste at Oak Ridge National Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the beginning of nuclear research and development activities at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in 1943, the generation, collection, treatment, storage, and disposal of the liquid low-level waste (LLLW) stream has been an integral part of ORNL's waste management operations. This waste stream, consisting principally of a high nitrate (4.5 molar), high pH (pH 13--14) mixture of reactor, hot cell, and research laboratory liquid radioactive wastes (
Download or read book Treatment Requirements for Decontamination of ORNL Low level Liquid Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental studies have been made to provide data for the development of improved processes for decontaminating low-level liquid wastes (LLLWs) that exist and continue to be generated at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The concept underlying this work is that there is a net benefit if the major radionuclides (137Cs, 134Cs, 9°Sr, and actinides) can be separated into small volumes, thereby reducing the activity of the bulk of the waste so that it can be disposed of or managed at a lower total cost. Data-base calculations on the LLLW supernate and sludges contained in the active Melton Valley Storage Tanks and evaporator storage and service tanks are essential in order to define and determine the extent of the problem. These calculations indicate to what extent alpha- and beta-gamma-emitting radionuclides must be removed and/or treated before final disposition of the waste can be made. They also show that many of the inorganic constitutents (e.g., regulated metals and nitrate) and minor radionuclides such as 14C and actinides (in terms of quantity present) must be removed before the LLLW can be disposed of as either liquid to the environment or solidified and disposed of as solid NUS Class L-1 or L-2 LLW. 25 refs., 31 tabs.
Download or read book Liquid Low Level Waste Management Expert System written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An expert system has been developed as part of a new initiative for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) systems analysis program. This expert system will aid in prioritizing radioactive waste streams for treatment and disposal by evaluating the severity and treatability of the problem, as well as the final waste form. The objectives of the expert system development included: (1) collecting information on process treatment technologies for liquid low-level waste (LLLW) that can be incorporated in the knowledge base of the expert system, and (2) producing a prototype that suggests processes and disposal technologies for the ORNL LLLW system. 4 refs., 9 figs.
Download or read book Laboratory Development of Methods for Centralized Treatment of Liquid Low level Waste at Oak Ridge National Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improved centralized treatment methods are needed in the management of liquid low-level waste (LLLW) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). LLLW, which usually contains radioactive contaminants at concentrations up to millicurie-per-liter levels, has accumulated in underground storage tanks for over 10 years and has reached a volume of over 350,000 gal. These wastes have been collected since 1984 and are a complex mixture of wastes from past nuclear energy research activities. The waste is a highly alkaline 4-5 M NaNO3 solution with smaller amounts of other salts. This type of waste will continue to be generated as a consequence of future ORNL research programs. Future LLLW (referred to as newly generated LLLW or NGLLLW) is expected to a highly alkaline solution of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide with a smaller concentration of sodium nitrate. New treatment facilities are needed to improve the manner in which these wastes are managed. These facilities must be capable of separating and reducing the volume of radioactive contaminants to small stable waste forms. Treated liquids must meet criteria for either discharge to the environment or solidification for onsite disposal. Laboratory testing was performed using simulated waste solutions prepared using the available characterization information as a basis. Testing was conducted to evaluate various methods for selective removal of the major contaminants. The major contaminants requiring removal from Melton Valley Storage Tank liquids are 9°Sr and 137Cs. Principal contaminants in NGLLLW are {sup 9O}Sr, 137Cs, and 1°6Ru. Strontium removal testing began with literature studies and scoping tests with several ion-exchange materials and sorbents.
Download or read book Treatment Options and Flow Sheets for ORNL Low level Liquid Waste Supernate written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-level liquid waste (LLLW) is currently contained in ten 50,000-gal storage and process tanks at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and as residual heels in an number of older tanks that are no longer in active use. Plans are being formulated to treat these wastes, along with similar LLLW that will be generated in the future, to yield decontaminated effluents that can be disposed of and stable solid waste forms that can be permanently stored. The primary purpose of this report is to summarize the performance of the most promising separations processes that are appropriate for treatment of the LLLW supernate solution to remove the two dominant radionuclides, 137Cs and 9°Sr; to indicate how they can be integrated into an effective flowsheet; and to estimate the expected performance of such flowsheets in comparison to waste treatment requirements.
Download or read book Development Studies for the Treatment of ORNL Low level Liquid Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental program is under way to investigate potential separation methods for application to specific problems relating to the management of low-level liquid wastes (LLLWs) at ORNL. This report summarizes experimental results that were acquired during fiscal year 1990 and have not been previously reported elsewhere. Measurements are presented for cesium and strontium removal from simulated high-salt waste compositions, using both inorganic ion- exchange sorbents and organic ion-exchange resins, and for one experiment with actual LLLW supernate solution from Melton Valley Storage Tank W-26, using inorganic sorbents. The purpose of the study was to acquire an extensive data base to support the development of flowsheets for decontamination of the LLLW currently stored at ORNL. Experimental measurements with inorganic ion exchangers focused on batch separations of cesium using several transition-metal hexacyanoferrate(2) compositions (ferrocyanides) and of strontium using titanium oxide-based sorbents. Cesium distribution coefficients in the range of 1 x 106 were generally observed with nickel and cobalt ferrocyanides at pH values (less-than or equal to)11, yielding DFs of about 100 with 100 ppm sorbent in a single-stage batch separation. Most organic ion-exchange resins are not very effective for cesium removal from such high salt concentrations, but a new resorcinol-based resin developed at the Savannah River Site was found to be considerably superior to any other such material tested. Several chelating resins were effective for removing strontium from the waste simulants. An ion-exchange column test successfully demonstrated the simultaneous removal of both cesium and strontium from a waste simulant solution.
Download or read book Current and Projected Liquid Low level Waste Generation at ORNL written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid low level waste (LLLW) is generated by various programs and projects throughout Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This waste is collected via bottles, trucks, or underground collection tanks. It is then neutralized with sodium hydroxide, reduced in volume at the ORNL LLLW evaporator, and stored as concentrated LLLW in one of twelve storage tanks. Many other tanks (called inactive tanks), which contain historical liquids and sludges generated by past activities, will be remediated; the sludges and associated sluicing and scabbling liquids will then be transferred to the active system for treatment and storage. This report presents historical and projected data concerning the volume and the characterization of LLLW, both prior to and after evaporation. Storage space for projected waste generation is also discussed.
Download or read book Statistical Description of Liquid Low level Waste System Supernatant Liquids at Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Energy has presented plans for processing transuranic low level liquid wastes located at ORNL. The Tennessee Department of Health and Environment has mandated the beginning of processing of these wastes by the year 2002, looking towards permanent disposal at a site located off the reservation. In order to meet this schedule, the DOE will solicit bids from various private sector companies to construct a processing facility to be operated by the private sector on a contract basis. In support of the Request for Proposal (RFP) process to accomplish the private sector involvement, this report is being written to give potential vendors information about the wastes contained in the ORNL tank farm system. This addendum report consolidates all data that presently exist on the properties and composition of the waste supernatant liquids, and presents methods to calculate the error bounds of the data in the best technically defensible manner possible.
Download or read book Analysis of Waste Disposal Practice and Control at ORNL written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of liquid-waste-disposal methods employed at ORNL is made. High-level wastes are stored in tanks and allowed to decay; medium-level wastes are pumped to seepage pits; and low-level wastes are passed to a nearby creek with or without treatment, depending upon the level of radioactivity. Methods of monitoring and control are discussed. (C.J.G.).
Download or read book FY 1995 Separation Studies for Liquid Low level Waste Treatment at Oak Ridge National Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During FY 1995, studies were continued to develop improved methods for centralized treatment of liquid low-level waste (LLLW) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Focus in this reporting period was on (1) identifying the parameters that affect the selective removal of 9°Sr and 137Cs, two of the principal radioactive contaminants expected in the waste; (2) validating the effectiveness of the treatment methods by testing an ac Melton Valley Storage Tank (MVST) supernate; (3) evaluating the optimum solid/liquid separation techniques for the waste; (4) identifying potential treatment methods for removal of technetium from LLLW; and (5) identifying potential methods for stabilizing the high-activity secondary solid wastes generated by the treatment.
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Processing and Disposal written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
