Download or read book Land in Transition written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-04-07 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a case study of Vietnam's efforts to fight poverty using market-oriented land reforms. In the 1980s and 1990s, the country undertook major institutional reforms, and an impressive reduction in poverty followed. But what role did the reforms play? Did the efficiency gains from reform come at a cost to equity? Were there both winners and losers? Was rising rural landlessness in the wake of reforms a sign of success or failure? 'Land in Transition' investigates the impacts on living standards of the two stages of land law reform: in 1988, when land was allocated to households administratively and output markets were liberalized; and in 1993, when official land titles were introduced and land transactions were permitted for the first time since communist rule began. To fully assess the poverty impacts of these changes, the authors' analysis of household surveys is guided by both economic theory and knowledge of the historical and social contexts. The book delineates lessons from Vietnam's experience and their implications for current policy debates in China and elsewhere.

Download or read book Agricultural Commercialization Economic Development and Nutrition written by Joachim Von Braun and published by International Food Policy Research Insitute. This book was released on 1994 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subsistence production: a sign of market failure. Commercialization cannot be left to the market. Household effects of commercialization. Nutrition effects of commercialization. Policy action needed.

Download or read book From Farm to Firm written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of rural-urban transformation presents both opportunities and challenges for development. If managed effectively, it can result in growth that benefits everyone; if managed poorly, it can lead to stark welfare disparities and entire regions cut off from the advantages of agglomeration economies. The importance of rural-urban transition has been confirmed by two consecutive World Development Reports: WDR 2008 Agriculture for Development; and WDR 2009 Reshaping Economic Geography. Focusing on Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, this book picks up where the WDRs left off, investigating the influence of country conditions and policies on the pace, pattern, and consequences of rural-urban transition and suggesting strategies to ensure that its benefits results in shared improvements in well-being. The book uncovers vast inequalities, whether between two regions of one country, between rural and urban areas, or within cities themselves. The authors find little evidence to suggest that these inequalities will automatically diminish as countries develop: empirical and qualitative analysis suggests that spatial divides are mainly a function of country conditions, policies and institutions. By implication, policymakers must take active steps to ensure that rural-urban transition results in shared growth. Spatially unbiased provision of health and education services is crucial to ensuring that the benefits of transition are shared by all. But connective infrastructure and targeted interventions also emerge as important considerations, even in countries with severely constrained fiscal and administrative capacity. The authors suggest steps for navigating the tricky political economy of land reforms. And they alert readers to potential spillover effects that mean that policies designed for one space can have unintended consequences on another. Policymakers and development experts, as well as anyone concerned with the impact of rural-urban transition on growth and equity, will find this book a thought-provoking and informative read.

Download or read book Transition Institutions and the Rural Sector written by Max Spoor and published by Rural Economies in Transition. This book was released on 2003 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transitions, Institutions and the Rural Sector is a series of essays examining and analyzing the rural transformations in the transition economies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The authors included in this volume employ a variety of interesting and insightful approaches to the topic, including synthetic regional analysis, analytic comparative studies, and unique case studies drawn from fieldwork. The first part of the book presents comparative studies of agrarian reform during the past decade of transition, while the second contains detailed studies of individual countries. Part of the Rural Economies in Transition series,Transitions, Institutions and the Rural Sector explores the complexities of rural transformations and the often unanticipated challenges faced by both the public and private sector in developing countries. Editor Max Spoor has assembled a set of thoroughly researched and persuasively argued pieces that fill a major gap in the scholarship on transition economies.

Download or read book Agriculture and Rural Development Planning written by H. David Akroyd and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book meets the needs of teachers and students of agriculture and rural development project and programme planning, planners employed by governments in developing countries and by external financing agencies. Project planners must understand the aspirations of rural families and their local leaders, the national development and sector planning goals and policies of their governments and the development goals and policy priorities perceived by external financing agencies in relation to their countries. These areas are not always consistent and trade-offs may be required. However it is recognised that poor project planning is a major constraint to the sustainable realization of project and programme objectives and sector goals. Illustrated with case studies and logical framework matrices, this book presents well-established and relatively new practices followed in the context of agriculture and rural development project and programme planning. Although based on experiences gained in Africa, the issues described are relevant to planning problems encountered in other developing regions of the world. It addresses the main factors which affect the success of planning such as a government's ability to guarantee macro-economic stability and sound sector development policies; the shift from 'top-down', bureaucratic to 'bottom-up', participatory planning approaches and the roles played by external financing agencies. It explains key technical, financial, economic, environmental, socio-cultural, equity, gender and institutional-strengthening issues concerning planning in rural areas and reviews the planning tools and approaches available. The procurement of goods and services, the disbursement of funds and monitoring and evaluation requirements are examined in detail.

Download or read book Rural Youth at the Crossroads written by Kai. A Schafft and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-30 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring chapters by an international group of scholars and academics, Rural Youth at the Crossroads discusses the challenges and contexts facing youth from rural communities in countries with legacies of socialism undergoing social, political, and economic transition. The chapters employ a variety of sources and approaches to examine rural youth outcomes, and the well-being and sustainability of rural areas. The book focuses particularly on career and educational goals, the often contradictory relations between rural schools and communities, majority-minoritized group relations, community engagement, and political attitudes. Individual chapters examine these questions and dynamics within Croatia, Czechia, Hungary, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Vietnam. In total the volume represents a unique and timely comparative discussion of the relationship between youth and rural development within transitional societies, and the challenges and opportunities for enhancing the well-being and sustainability of rural communities. Aimed at informing strategies to revitalize rural social space, this book is targeted towards social scientists with interest in sociology and rural sociology, demography, education, youth development, community/regional development, rurality, public policy, and identity formation in transitional contexts. As such, this book will have international appeal to researchers, educators, and policymakers in transitional countries, and to those interested in these topics, regions, and communities.

Download or read book Institutional change rural services and agricultural performance in Kyrgyzstan written by Kamiljon T. Akramov, Nurbek Omuraliev and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2009 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reflecting Transformation in Post socialist Rural Areas written by Maarit Heinonen and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rural reforms in many post-soviet countries produced a number of unintended consequences. The reforms were guided by ideals of romanticized society of family farmers; they were to be the basis of the rural middle-class, together with owners of non-agricultural SME’s, acting as guardians of democracy and common good. The guidelines were set by advisers from World Bank and IMF, who preferred family farms or individual farms over the collective enterprises. In most countries the result was nothing like those envisaged by reformers. Instead of efficient and productive family farms, the result was almost complete de-capitalization of agriculture and collapse of production. The reform was destructive not only as far as production is concerned, but more importantly to rural communities. Social ties, which were based on the collective farm as the main economic and social resource for local community, were eroded. Only from the turn of this decade some early stages have been visible of new developments in economic and social life in post-socialist rural areas. The result is that now, more than fifteen years since the beginning of agricultural reforms, the key agricultural producers in Russia, Baltic countries and elsewhere are very large capitalist farms or large agricultural holding companies. This anthology is based on the presentations given at the 5th Aleksanteri Conference 10 – 11 November 2005 in Helsinki, Finland, and it is devoted to the analysis of some of these issues. The volume is divided into two parts, in the first part the focus is on the patterns and problems of transformation of post-socialist agriculture and agricultural policies while the second part is focuses mainly on efforts to revitalize rural communities and issues of local development.

Download or read book Rationalizing Rural Area Classifications for the Economic Research Service written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-02-05 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service (USDA/ERS) maintains four highly related but distinct geographic classification systems to designate areas by the degree to which they are rural. The original urban-rural code scheme was developed by the ERS in the 1970s. Rural America today is very different from the rural America of 1970 described in the first rural classification report. At that time migration to cities and poverty among the people left behind was a central concern. The more rural a residence, the more likely a person was to live in poverty, and this relationship held true regardless of age or race. Since the 1970s the interstate highway system was completed and broadband was developed. Services have become more consolidated into larger centers. Some of the traditional rural industries, farming and mining, have prospered, and there has been rural amenity-based in-migration. Many major structural and economic changes have occurred during this period. These factors have resulted in a quite different rural economy and society since 1970. In April 2015, the Committee on National Statistics convened a workshop to explore the data, estimation, and policy issues for rationalizing the multiple classifications of rural areas currently in use by the Economic Research Service (ERS). Participants aimed to help ERS make decisions regarding the generation of a county rural-urban scale for public use, taking into consideration the changed social and economic environment. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Download or read book Rural Adaptation in Russia written by Stephen K. Wegren and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-05-19 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current dominant approach to Russian peasant behaviour emphasizes rural resistance to reform in broad terms, and to the introduction of market forces in particular. Bringing together some of the finest scholars on rural Russia, this groundbreaking volume examines this perception with an analysis of both historical and contemporary patterns of rural adaptation in Russia. Four articles included analyze peasant responses in the post-Soviet era, and focus on: * the relationship between poverty and rural adaptation * the social origins of private farmers in southern Russia and Ukraine * response patterns by large farms (formerly collective and state farms) * household adaptation using a standardized set of criteria. This fascinating book gives an illuminating picture of the ways in which peasants respond to new environmental conditions and stimuli created by reform. The substantive material included draws on fieldwork and survey data collected from rural Russia, from the Stolypin reforms in the pre-Soviet era, and collectivisation of agriculture during the 1930s in the Soviet era. This book was previously as a special issue of The Journal of Peasant Studies.

Download or read book The Roots of Rural Capitalism written by Christopher Clark and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-30 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between the late colonial period and the Civil War, the countryside of the American northeast was largely transformed. Rural New England changed from a society of independent farmers relatively isolated from international markets into a capitalist economy closely linked to the national market, an economy in which much farming and manufacturing output was produced by wage labor. Using the Connecticut Valley as an example, The Roots of Rural Capitalism demonstrates how this important change came about. Christopher Clark joins the active debate on the "transition to capitalism" with a fresh interpretation that integrates the insights of previous studies with the results of his detailed research. Largely rejecting the assumption of recent scholars that economic change can be explained principally in terms of markets, he constructs a broader social history of the rural economy and traces the complex interactions of social structure, household strategies, gender relations, and cultural values that propelled the countryside from one economic system to another. Above all, he shows that people of rural Massachusetts were not passive victims of changes forced upon them, but actively created a new economic world as they tried to secure their livelihoods under changing demographic and economic circumstances. The emergence of rural capitalism, Clark maintains, was not the result of a single "transition"; rather, it was an accretion of new institutions and practices that occurred over two generations, and in two broad chronological phases. It is his singular contribution to demonstrate the coexistence of a family-based household economy (persisting well into the nineteenth century) and the market-oriented system of production and exchange that is generally held to have emerged full-blown by the eighteenth century. He is adept at describing the clash of values sustaining both economies, and the ways in which the rural household-based economy, through a process he calls "involution," ultimately gave way to a new order. His analysis of the distinctive role of rural women in this transition constitutes a strong new element in the study of gender as a factor in the economic, social, and cultural shifts of the period. Sophisticated in argument and engaging in presentation, this book will be recognized as a major contribution to the history of capitalism and society in nineteenth-century America.

Download or read book Navigating the Transition from High School to College for Students with Disabilities written by Meg Grigal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-07-16 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Navigating the Transition from High School to College for Students with Disabilities provides effective strategies for navigating the transition process from high school into college for students with a wide range of disabilities. As students with disabilities attend two and four-year colleges in increasing numbers and through expanding access opportunities, challenges remain in helping these students and their families prepare for and successfully transition into higher education. Professionals and families supporting transition activities are often unaware of today’s new and rapidly developing options for postsecondary education. This practical guide offers user-friendly resources, including vignettes, research summaries, and hands-on activities that can be easily implemented in the classroom and in the community and that facilitate strong collaboration between schools and families. Preparation issues such as financial aid, applying for college, and other long-term planning areas are addressed in detail. An accompanying student resource section offers materials for high school students with disabilities that secondary educators, counselors, and transition personnel can use to facilitate exploration and planning discussions. Framing higher education as a possible transition goal for all students with disabilities, Navigating the Transition from High School to College for Students with Disabilities supports the postsecondary interests of more than four million public school students with disabilities.

Download or read book Rural Transition in Azerbaijan written by Zvi Lerman and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book demonstrates that reform policies_including privatization of land and the shift from collective to individual farming_have a significant impact on agricultural growth, rural incomes, and poverty alleviation. The analysis spans more than 40 years of agricultural and rural development in Azerbaijan, based on country-level statistical data and original farm and household surveys.

Download or read book Energy Transition in Metropolises Rural Areas and Deserts written by Louis Boisgibault and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-13 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy Transition in Metropolises, Rural Areas and Deserts presents detailed field studies of energy transition in Lille, Riyadh, Fayence, Bokhol, Ouarzazate and the Arabian Desert. It analyzes local actions and good practices according to the resources and constraints involved in the process of removing the obstacles to the transition. Solutions are sought for the right type of space for buildings, transport, industry and services, and targets are set for Europe, the Middle East and Africa as part of the Paris Climate Agreement. As a pedagogical tool, this book is aimed at not only politicians and professionals, but also any members of the public who wish to learn about changes in production and energy consumption.

Download or read book World Development Report 2008 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007-10-15 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's demand for food is expected to double within the next 50 years, while the natural resources that sustain agriculture will become increasingly scarce, degraded, and vulnerable to the effects of climate change. In many poor countries, agriculture accounts for at least 40 percent of GDP and 80 percent of employment. At the same time, about 70 percent of the world's poor live in rural areas and most depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. 'World Development Report 2008' seeks to assess where, when, and how agriculture can be an effective instrument for economic development, especially development that favors the poor. It examines several broad questions: How has agriculture changed in developing countries in the past 20 years? What are the important new challenges and opportunities for agriculture? Which new sources of agricultural growth can be captured cost effectively in particular in poor countries with large agricultural sectors as in Africa? How can agricultural growth be made more effective for poverty reduction? How can governments facilitate the transition of large populations out of agriculture, without simply transferring the burden of rural poverty to urban areas? How can the natural resource endowment for agriculture be protected? How can agriculture's negative environmental effects be contained? This year's report marks the 30th year the World Bank has been publishing the 'World Development Report'.

Download or read book Rural Transitions to Higher Education in South Africa written by Sue Timmis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique and timely book focuses on research conducted into the experiences of students from rural backgrounds in South Africa: foregrounding decolonial perspectives on their negotiation of access and transitions to higher education. This book highlights not only the challenges of coming from a rural background against the historical backdrop of apartheid and ongoing colonialism, but also shows the immense assets that students from rural areas bring into higher education. Through detailed narratives created by student co-researchers, the book charts early experiences in rural communities, negotiations of transitions to university and, in many cases, to urban life and students’ subsequent journeys through higher education spaces and curricula. The book will be of significant interest and value to those engaged in rurality research across diverse settings, those interested in the South African higher education context and higher education more widely. Its innovative, participatory methodology will be invaluable to researchers seeking to conduct collaborative research that draws on decolonising approaches.

Download or read book Globalisation Poverty and Conflict written by Max Spoor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-29 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This state-of-the-art critical ‘development’ reader examines the inter-relationships between globalisation, poverty and conflict. It complements current debates in the field of development studies and, in an era in which development fatigue seems to have become more profound than ever before, it brings the importance of development once again to the forefront. The contributions represent current thinking on (and practice of) development policy, poverty reduction, the need for multi-level democratic institutions, and the containing and prevention of conflicts.