Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of Early Progenitor Competence in the Drosophila Central Nervous System written by Khoa Dang Tran and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation in the Embryonic Central Nervous System of Drosophila written by Robert Graham Franks and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of Neuronal Differentiation in the Drosophila Central Nervous System written by Haluk Lacin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central nervous system is the most complex and highly organized tissue in animals; composed of thousands of neurites connected in specific and highly reproducible ways. My thesis research has focused on the generation of neuronal diversity: specifically how neurons adopt individual, often unique, identities. Work in many labs has revealed that a large set of transcription factors act in combinatorial manner to specify the fate of individual neurons or small groups of neurons. However, in most cases, it remains unclear how individual or specific combinations of transcription factors directly control the terminal differentiation of neurons via the regulation of different genes, such as neurotransmitters. My thesis work has focused on the identification and characterization of new members of the combinatorial code of transcription factor and on initial attempts to link these transcription factors to the expression and activity of genes that contribute directly to neuronal differentiation. In chapter 2, I describe the identification and characterization of Dbx, a homedomain-containing transcription factor, expressed in a mixture of progenitor cells and a subset of GABAergic interneurons. I show that Dbx is expressed in many interneurons that are sibling to motor neurons, and that Dbx is required to promote the development of these interneurons via cross-repressive interactions with Eve and Hb9, which are expressed in the sibling motor neurons. In chapter 3, I detail the identification of FoxD, a transcription factor that is positively regulated by the homeodomain-containing transcription factor Hb9 in the Drosophila CNS. FoxD is expressed in a subset of Hb9 positive neurons and also in all octopaminergic neurons in the Drosophila embryonic CNS. I have identified the enhancers that drive expression in these neurons and have recently generated two mutant alleles of foxD. Loss of foxD appears to result in hyperactivity, which is most pronounced in males. As octopamine is the fly equivalent of norepinephrine, these results suggest that FoxD may function in specific cells to regulate the synthesis and release of octopmaine. Thus, my thesis has identified two members of the combinatorial code of transcription factors that govern neuronal identity. In addition, it has begun to place the functions of these genes within the genetic regulatory hierarchy of this code and started to link the function of individual transcription factors to the regulation of terminal differentiation genes and animal behavior.
Download or read book Genetic Mechanisms Regulating the Spatiotemporal Modulation of Proliferation Rate and Mode in Neural Progenitors and Daughter Cells during Embryonic CNS Development written by Behzad Yaghmaeian Salmani and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central nervous system (CNS) is a hallmark feature of animals with a bilateral symmetry: bilateria and can be sub-divided into the brain and nerve cord. One of the prominent properties of the CNS across bilateria is the discernible expansion of its anterior part (brain) compared with the posterior one (nerve cord). This evolutionarily conserved feature could be attributed to four major developmental agencies: First, the existence of more anterior progenitors. Second, anterior progenitors are more proliferative. Third, anterior daughter cells, generated by the progenitors, are more proliferative. Forth, fewer cells are removed by programmed cell death (PCD) anteriorly. My thesis has addressed these issues, and uncovered both biological principles and genetic regulatory networks that promote these A-P differences. I have used the Drosophila and mouse embryonic CNSs as model systems. Regarding the 1st issue, while the brain indeed contains more progenitors, my studies demonstrate that this only partly explains the anterior expansion. Indeed, with regard to the 2nd issue, my studies, on both the Drosophila and mouse CNS, demonstrate that anterior progenitors divide more extensively. Concerning the 3rd issue, in Drosophila we identified a gradient of daughter proliferation along the AP axis of the developing CNS with brain daughter cells being more proliferative. Specifically, in the brain, progenitors divide to generate a series of daughter cells that divide once (Type I), to generate two neurons or glia. In contrast, in the nerve cord, progenitors switch during later stages, from first generating dividing daughters to subsequently generating daughters that directly differentiate (Type 0). Hence, nerve cord progenitors undergo a programmed Type I->0 proliferation switch. In the Drosophila posterior CNS, this switch occurs earlier and is more prevalent, contributing to the generation of smaller lineages in the posterior regions. Similar to Drosophila, in the mouse brain we also found that progenitor and daughter cell proliferation was elevated and extended into later developmental stages, when compared to the spinal cord. DNA-labeling experiments revealed faster cycling cells in the brain when compared to the nerve cord, in both Drosophila and mouse. In both Drosophila and mouse, we found that the suppression of progenitor and daughter proliferation in the nerve cord is controlled by the Hox homeotic gene family. Hence, the absence of Hox gene expression in the brain provides a logical explanation for the extended progenitor proliferation and lack of Type I->0 switch. The repression of Hox genes in the brain is mediated by the histonemodifying Polycomb Group complex (PcG), which thereby is responsible for the anterior expansion. With respect to the 4th issue, we found no effect of PCD on anterior expansion in Drosophila, while this cannot be asserted for the mouse embryonic neurodevelopment as there are no genetic tools to abolish PCD effectively in mammals. Taken together, the studies presented in this thesis identified global and evolutionarily-conserved genetic programs that promote anterior CNS expansion, and pave the way for understanding the evolution of size along the anterior-posterior CNS axis.
Download or read book Polycomb Role in Cell Fate Specification in Drosophila Neural Progenitors written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The timing of cell production by progenitor cells is an essential aspect of development. Particularly during neurogenesis, the time at which neurons and glia are produced affects their function and proper integration into neural circuits. In both the mammalian and Drosophila central nervous system, neural progenitors progressively lose competence to make early-born cell types, so that "old" progenitors can no longer be induced to make "young" neurons. My dissertation work used Drosophila neural progenitors, known as neuroblasts, as a model to investigate the restriction of neural progenitor competence. Drosophila neuroblasts sequentially express temporal transcription factors (TTFs) that determine neural and glial cell fate based on birth-order. For example, the second TTF in the series, Kruppel, is necessary and sufficient for all second-born / third-born fates, regardless of cell type or neuroblast lineage. However, neuroblasts lose competence to respond to Kruppel with each division, ultimately completely losing competence to produce Kruppel-specified cell types at late stages of development. I discovered that chromatin remodeling complexes of the Polycomb group are necessary and sufficient for the temporal restriction of neuroblast competence. I found that Polycomb complexes establish distinct competence windows in neuroblasts that transition from early motorneuron production to late interneuron production. This work provides a mechanistic basis for the restriction of neuroblast competence and supports a model in which Polycomb complexes progressively limit the ability of TTFs to activate gene expression programs that induce early-born fates
Download or read book Drosophila Eye Development written by Kevin Moses and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-03-12 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 Kevin Moses It is now 25 years since the study of the development of the compound eye in Drosophila really began with a classic paper (Ready et al. 1976). In 1864, August Weismann published a monograph on the development of Diptera and included some beautiful drawings of the developing imaginal discs (Weismann 1864). One of these is the first description of the third instar eye disc in which Weismann drew a vertical line separating a posterior domain that included a regular pattern of clustered cells from an anterior domain without such a pattern. Weismann suggested that these clusters were the precursors of the adult ommatidia and that the line marks the anterior edge of the eye. In his first suggestion he was absolutely correct - in his second he was wrong. The vertical line shown was not the anterior edge of the eye, but the anterior edge of a moving wave of patterning and cell type specification that 112 years later (1976) Ready, Hansen and Benzer would name the "morphogenetic furrow". While it is too late to hear from August Weismann, it is a particular pleasure to be able to include a chapter in this Volume from the first author of that 1976 paper: Don Ready! These past 25 years have seen an astonishing explosion in the study of the fly eye (see Fig.
Download or read book The Development of Drosophila Melanogaster written by Michael Bate and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster offers the most powerful means of studying embryonic development in eukaryotes. New information from many different organ systems has accumulated rapidly in the past decade. This monograph, written by the most distinguished workers in the field, is the most authoritative and comprehensive synthesis of Drosophila developmental biology available and emphasizes the insights gained by molecular and genetic analysis. In two volumes, it is a lavishly illustrated, elegantly designed reference work illustrating principles of genetic regulation of embryogenesis that may apply to other eukaryotes.
Download or read book Clinical Neuroembryology written by Hans J. ten Donkelaar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-07 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in developmental neurobiology and advances in (neuro) genetics have been spectacular. The high resolution of modern imaging techniques applicable to developmental disorders of the human brain and spinal cord have created a novel insight into the developmental history of the central nervous system (CNS). This book provides a comprehensive overview of the development of the human CNS in the context of its many developmental disorders. It provides a unique combination of data from human embryology, animal research and developmental neuropathology, and there are more than 400 figures in over a hundred separate illustrations.
Download or read book Mayo Clinic Medical Neurosciences written by Eduardo E. Benarroch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully updated and revised according to student feedback, the sixth edition of Mayo Clinic Medical Neurosciences: Organized by Neurologic System and Level provides a systematic approach to anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the nervous system inspired by the neurologist's approach to solving clinical problems. This volume has 4 sections: 1) an overview of the neurosciences necessary for understanding anatomical localization and pathophysiologic characterization of neurologic disorders; 2) an approach to localizing lesions in the 7 longitudinal systems of the nervous system; 3) an approach to localizing lesions in the 4 horizontal levels of the nervous system; and 4) a collection of clinical problems. This book provides the neuroscience framework to support the neurologist in a clinical setting and is also a great resource for neurology and psychiatry board certifications. This is the perfect guide for all medical students and neurology, psychiatry, and physical medicine residents at early stages of training. New to This Edition - A chapter devoted to multiple-choice questions for self-assessment - Discussion of emerging concepts in molecular, cellular, and system neurosciences - New chapters on emotion and consciousness systems - Incorporation of new discoveries in neuroimaging and an appendix for tables of medications commonly used to treat neurologic disorders
Download or read book The Neural Crest written by Nicole Le Douarin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-11-28 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1999 edition of The Neural Crest contains comprehensive information about the neural crest, a structure unique to the vertebrate embryo, which has only a transient existence in early embryonic life. The ontogeny of the neural crest embodies the most important issues in developmental biology, as the neural crest is considered to have played a crucial role in evolution of the vertebrate phylum. Data that analyse neural crest ontogeny in murine and zebrafish embryos have been included in this revision. This revised edition also takes advantage of recent advances in our understanding of markers of neural crest cell subpopulations, and a full chapter is now devoted to cell lineage analysis. The major research breakthrough since the first edition has been the introduction of molecular biology to neural crest research, enabling an elucidation of many molecular mechanisms of neural crest development. This book is essential reading for students and researchers in developmental biology, cell biology, and neuroscience.
Download or read book Transcriptional Control of Neural Crest Development written by Brian L. Nelms and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neural crest is a remarkable embryonic population of cells found only in vertebrates and has the potential to give rise to many different cell types contributing throughout the body. These derivatives range from the mesenchymal bone and cartilage comprising the facial skeleton, to neuronal derivatives of the peripheral sensory and autonomic nervous systems, to melanocytes throughout the body, and to smooth muscle of the great arteries of the heart. For these cells to correctly progress from an unspecifi ed, nonmigratory population to a wide array of dynamic, differentiated cell types-some of which retain stem cell characteristics presumably to replenish these derivatives-requires a complex network of molecular switches to control the gene programs giving these cells their defi ning structural, enzymatic, migratory, and signaling capacities. This review will bring together current knowledge of neural crest-specifi c transcription factors governing these progressions throughout the course of development. A more thorough understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional control in differentiation will aid in strategies designed to push undifferentiated cells toward a particular lineage, and unraveling these processes will help toward reprogramming cells from a differentiated to a more naive state. Table of Contents: Introduction / AP Genes / bHLH Genes / ETS Genes / Fox Genes / Homeobox Genes / Hox Genes / Lim Genes / Pax Genes / POU Domain Genes / RAR/RXR Genes / Smad Genes / Sox Genes / Zinc Finger Genes / Other Miscellaneous Genes / References / Author Biographies
Download or read book Drosophila Neurobiology written by Bing Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory's long-running course, "Drosophila Neurobiology: A Laboratory Manual" offers practical advice to all researchers interested in using "Drosophila" as an experimental model for investigating the nervous system.
Download or read book The Embryonic Development of Drosophila melanogaster written by Jose A. Campos-Ortega and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " . . . but our knowledge is so weak that no philosoph er will ever be able to completely explore the nature of even a fly . . . " * Thornas Aquinas "In Syrnbolurn Apostolorum" 079 RSV p/96 This is a monograph on embryogenesis of the fruit fly Drosophi la melanogaster conceived as a reference book on morphology of embryonie development. A monograph of this extent and con tent is not yet available in the literature of Drosophila embryolo gy, and we believe that there is areal need for it. Thanks to the progress achieved during the last ten years in the fields of devel opmental and molecular genetics, work on Drosophila develop ment has considerably expanded creating an even greater need for the information that we present here. Our own interest for wildtype embryonie development arose several years ago, when we began to study the development of mutants. While those studies were going on we repeatedly had occasion to state in sufficiencies in the existing literature about the embryology of the wildtype, so that we undertook investigating many of these problems by ourselves. Convinced that several of our colleagues will have encountered similar difficulties we decided to publish the present monograph. Although not expressely recorded, Thomas Aquinas probably referred to the domestic fly and not to the fruit fly. Irrespective of which fly he meant, however, we know that Thomas was right in any case.
Download or read book International Law Reports written by Elihu Lauterpacht and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-05-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reports in English on decisions of international courts and arbitrators and judgments of national courts.
Download or read book Transcriptional Switches During Development written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series concentrates on transcriptional switches during development. It includes chapters on such topics as muscle diversity, transcriptional response to genome structural variation, and the temporal gene network in Drosophila neural stem cells. With an international team of authors, this volume is a must-have addition for researchers and students alike. - Concentrates on transcriptional switches during development - Includes chapters on such topics as muscle diversity, transcriptional response to genome structural variation, and the temporal gene network in Drosophila neural stem cells - With an international team of authors, this volume is a must-have addition for researchers and students alike
Download or read book The Cell Biology of Stem Cells written by Eran Meshorer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells have been gaining a lot of attention in recent years. Their unique potential to self-renew and differentiate has turned them into an attractive model for the study of basic biological questions such as cell division, replication, transcription, cell fate decisions, and more. With embryonic stem (ES) cells that can generate each cell type in the mammalian body and adult stem cells that are able to give rise to the cells within a given lineage, basic questions at different developmental stages can be addressed. Importantly, both adult and embryonic stem cells provide an excellent tool for cell therapy, making stem cell research ever more pertinent to regenerative medicine. As the title The Cell Biology of Stem Cells suggests, our book deals with multiple aspects of stem cell biology, ranging from their basic molecular characteristics to the in vivo stem cell trafficking of adult stem cells and the adult stem-cell niche, and ends with a visit to regeneration and cell fate reprogramming. In the first chapter, “Early embryonic cell fate decisions in the mouse”, Amy Ralson and Yojiro Yamanaka describe the mechanisms that support early developmental decisions in the mouse pre-implantation embryo and the current understanding of the source of the most immature stem cell types, which includes ES cells, trophoblast stem (TS) cells and extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells.
Download or read book Muscle Development in Drosophilia written by Helen Sink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-02 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The different aspects of muscle development are considered from cellular, molecular and genetic viewpoints, and the text is supported by black/white and color illustrations. The book will appeal to those studying muscle development and muscle biology in any organism.
