Download or read book Trans acting Factors Regulating S14 Gene Transcription written by Ormond Alexander MacDougald and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gene Regulation by Steroid Hormones IV written by Arun K. Roy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first Meadowbrook Symposium was held in 1978 and during the intervening ten years our knowledge concerning how steroid hormones function at the level of gene expression has advanced by leaps and bounds. In this volume, which sum marizes our fourth meeting, these advances are very evident. What seemed like science fiction ten years ago has become commonplace science. Who would have imagined that we could synthesize a nucleotide sequence that binds a specific steroid receptor and acts as a controlling element for gene expression? No one; but as is evident from the results reported in several chapters, this technique is yielding a wealth of information. Using these and other techniques it has become apparent that gene transcription is controlled by interactions between transacting factors and DNA recognition sequences (response elements). These transacting factors appear to be members of a large gene family that includes steroid hormone receptors, transcription factors, protooncogenes and homeobox proteins. Thus a great deal has been learned, but as usual, questions remain. Many of these questions are posed by the findings and observations found in several chapters in this volume. Non hormone binding forms of steroid receptors and their relevance to receptor down regulation, recycling and biological response remain a mystery. The quantitative relationship between receptor binding and biological response still presents agonizing problems. These and many other intriguing questions are discussed in this volume and set the stage for what should be a most rewarding time in endocrinology. Winter 1989 ARUN K.

Download or read book In Vivo Analysis of Interactions Between Trans acting Factors and Their Target Genes written by Paul R. Mueller (Biologist) and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The investigations presented in this thesis use various in vivo techniques to understand how trans-acting factors control gene expression. The first part addresses the transcriptional regulation of muscle creatine kinase (MCK). MCK expression is activated during the course of development and is found only in differentiated muscle. Several in vivo footprints are observed at the enhancer of this gene, but all of these interactions are limited to cell types that express MCK. This is interesting because two of the footprints appear to represent muscle specific use of general transcription factors, while the other two correspond to sites that can bind the myogenic regulator, MyoD1, in vitro. MyoD1 and these general factors are present in myoblasts, but can bind to the enhancer only in myocytes. This suggests that either the factors themselves are post-translationally modified (phosphorylation or protein:protein interactions), or the accessibility of the enhancer to the factors is limited (changes in chromatin structure). The in vivo footprinting study of MCK was performed with a new ligation mediated, single-sided PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique that I have developed. The second half of the thesis concerns the regulation of mouse metallothionein (MT). Metallothioneins are a family of highly conserved housekeeping genes whose expression can be induced by heavy metals, steroids, and other stresses. By adapting a primer extension method of genomic sequencing to in vivo footprinting, I've observed both metal inducible and noninducible interactions at the promoter of MT-I. From these results I've been able to limit the possible mechanisms by which metal responsive trans-acting factors induce transcription. These interpretations correlate with a second line of experiments involving the stable titration of positive acting factors necessary for induction of MT. I've amplified the promoter of MT to 102-103 copies per cell by fusing the 5' and 3' ends of the MT gene to the coding region of DHFR and selecting cells for methotrexate resistance. In these cells, there is a metal-specific titration effect, and although it acts at the level of transcription, it appears to be independent of direct DNA binding factors.

Download or read book Identifying Cis regulatory Elements and Trans acting Factors that Activate Transcription in the Suspensor of Plant Embryos written by Kelli Frances Henry and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seed crops, such as corn and soybean, are a major source of food for human and animal consumption. Understanding how genes are regulated in seeds is essential for the future development of genetically engineered seed crops that could significantly augment the food supply available for a rapidly growing human population. Given the importance of understanding the processes controlling seed development, it is surprising that the gene regulatory networks operating in seeds remain largely unknown. I have been using scarlet runner bean (SRB; Phaseolus coccineus), a close relative of soybean, to characterize a gene regulatory network active during early embryo development. Specifically, I have focused on gene activity in the suspensor, a specialized embryonic region involved in synthesizing and transporting nutrients to the growing embryo. To identify suspensor cis-regulatory sequences, I performed promoter dissection experiments on the SRB G564 gene, which is expressed in the suspensor early in embryo development. A 54-bp DNA fragment within the G564 upstream region is sufficient for suspensor-specific transcription in transgenic tobacco and Arabidopsis, indicating the suspensor transcriptional machinery is conserved in flowering plants. Mutagenesis of the 54- bp fragment identified five suspensor cis-regulatory elements: (i) three 10-bp motifs with the consensus 5'-GAAAAGCGAA-3', (ii) a Region 2 sequence 5'-TTG(A/G)(A/G/T)AAT-3' and (iii) a Fifth motif 5'-(A/G)AGTTA-3'. The Fifth motif sequence is a predicted MYB transcription factor binding site. A yeast one-hybrid screen identified three MYB transcription factors that bind to the 54-bp fragment and are expressed in the suspensor of Arabidopsis. Promoter deletion and mutagenesis experiments uncovered that sequences similar to these three types of suspensor motifs also activate suspensor transcription in the SRB GA 20-oxidase gene, which encodes an enzyme required for synthesis of the phytohormone gibberellic acid. The SRB G564 and GA 20-oxidase genes are activated by the same suspensor cis-regulatory elements and thus comprise a suspensor gene regulatory network, which is activated shortly after fertilization by transcriptional machinery that is conserved in the suspensors of flowering plants.

Download or read book Hormonal Regulation of the S14 in 3T3 F442A Adipocytes written by Gerald Joseph Lepar and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Interrogating the Effect of Variation in Trans acting Factors written by Cynthia Wu and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mutations in trans-acting factors such as transcription factors, chromatin regulators, and DNA repair genes may cause widespread transcriptomic changes or altered genome-wide mutation patterns leading to a variety of phenotypes with varying impact on human health. Functional consequences of these mutations are difficult to systematically evaluate on a large scale due to the many challenges of trans studies. In this dissertation, I focus on two types of trans-acting factors: DNA repair genes, which control genome-wide mutation signatures, and transcriptional regulators, which impact genome-wide expression patterns. First, I present a study in which we used an unbiased genome-wide scan for regulators of repeat expansion propensity to identify the mismatch repair protein MSH3 as a strong trans-acting factor affecting germline mutation patterns in recombinant inbred mice. We found that inherited variants in and near Msh3 result in variable mutation patterns that are most pronounced at long tetranucleotide repeats. Importantly, we also demonstrate a potential evolutionary tradeoff in which elevated Msh3 leads to increased repeat expansions whereas Msh3 deficiency results in a higher rate of short insertions and deletions. Second, I introduce a novel trans-eQTL detection method, xQTL, which is based on a biologically plausible mixture model of target gene effects sizes and results in increased power compared to traditional trans-eQTL analysis approaches. We applied xQTL to whole brain RNA-sequencing data from a cohort of outbred rats and identified 45 trans-eQTL candidates. For example, we identified a strong candidate trans-eQTL locus overlapping Neurod4, a key neuronal transcriptional factor, which xQTL estimate to regulate thousands of target genes. Importantly, this study also highlights key technical considerations regarding treatment of technical covariates when performing trans-eQTL detection. Last, I introduce scBE-seq which combines a pooled, high-precision genome editing strategy with single-cell sequencing assays to simultaneously interrogate the effects of hundreds of variants affecting trans-acting factors. Overall, these works furthered our understanding of the molecular effects of genetic variation on trans-acting factors and extended our toolkit for systematically studying their potential impact on complex phenotypes.

Download or read book Trans acting Factors and Cis acting Sequences in Post transcriptional Gene Expression PHD written by John Stephen Jacobs Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nutrition and Gene Expression written by Carolyn D. Berdanier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 958 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition and Gene Expression is devoted to exploring the tissue-specific and developmental aspects of the interaction between nutrients and the genome. The book discusses chemical sensitivity in relation to the ability of cells to detect nutrients; reviews the means by which lower organisms respond to nutrients; and provides examples on how each of the classes of nutrients affects genetic transcription, mRNA translation or stability. The receptor-mediated actions of vitamin D and retinoic acid on gene expression are discussed, including the case of bone formation and dissolution. Other important topics covered in the volume include newly discovered effects of fatty acids on regulating gene expression, the effects of diet on mRNA editing, the interplay between dietary carbohydrates and proteins in regulating metabolism of liver cells, the effects of metal ions on protein synthesis, and much more. Nutrition and Gene Expression is an important reference for nutritionists, physiologists, biochemists, clinical nutritionists, pharmaceutical researchers, geneticists, and food scientists.

Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS supported Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comparative Genomics and Functional Genomics Analyses in Plants written by Xiaoming Song and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-07-05 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fatty Acids in Foods and Their Health Implications written by Ching Kuang Chow and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-11-12 with total page 1078 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of certain types of fatty acids and their role in the aetiology of cancer, cardiovascular disease, immune and inflammatory diseases, renal disease, diabetes, neuromuscular disorders, liver disease, mental illness, visual dysfunction, and ageing. It reviews historic advances in biotechnology, including techniques for genetic manipulation of fatty acid composition. This revised and expanded second edition contains 11 new chapters.

Download or read book Hormones and Signaling written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-10-25 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hormones and Signaling focuses on the mechanisms of gene regulation at the cellular level. It also describes the actions of hormones in modulating gene regulation and animal development. Glococorticoid and mineralcorticoid signaling Orphan nuclear receptors Nuclear receptor coactivators Cytokines and STAT signaling Coordination of cAMP signaling events through PKA anchoring G protein-coupled extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+0)-sensing receptor (CaR) Pancreatic islet development Genetic analysis of androgen receptors in development and disease Antioprogestin regulable gene switch for induction of gene expression in vivo Steroid receptor knockout model

Download or read book Forest tree conservation genomics written by Fang Du and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-29 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of Stearoyl CoA Desaturase Gene 1 by Dietary and Hormonal Factors written by Katrina Marie Waters and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recent Progress in Hormone Research written by James H. Clark and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Progress in Hormone Research, Volume 44 contains examples of the molecular biological approach to unraveling the mysteries of hormone action. The book presents papers on the structure and function of receptors and their role in the control of cell function via signal transduction and intracellular second messengers. The text also includes papers on the interactions and functions of the inhibin peptides and their role in the control of gonadotropin secretion. The role of growth factors and lymphokines in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine physiology is also encompassed. The book will prove invaluable to endocrinologists, physiologists, biochemists, and scientists involved in hormone research.