Download or read book Traffic Congestion Mitigation as an Emissions Reduction Strategy written by Alexander York Bigazzi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Policy-makers, transportation researchers, and activists often assume that traffic congestion mitigation results in reduced vehicle emissions without proper justification or quantification of the benefits. If congestion mitigation is going to be tied to air quality goals, a better understanding of the impacts of traffic congestion on motor vehicle emissions is needed. This research addresses that need by investigating under which circumstances the commonly held assumption linking congestion mitigation to emissions reductions is valid. We develop and apply a mathematical framework to study the trade-offs between vehicle efficiency and travel demand that accompany travel speed changes. While the exact relationships among emissions, travel speed, and travel demand vary with location and pollutant, several consistent results arise. The potential for marginal emissions rate reductions through average travel speed adjustments is small for speeds between about 25 and 70 mph. Emissions rate sensitivity to speed increases with the fraction of heavy-duty vehicles and for certain pollutants (gaseous hydrocarbons and particulate matter), and decreases with the fraction of advanced-drivetrain vehicles, such as electric and gas-electric hybrid vehicles. But travel volume is also a key consideration for the total emissions impacts of congestion and congestion mitigation. While travel speed increases are generally expected to increase efficiency, they are also expected to increase vehicle travel volume as a result of induced demand. To explore efficiency and volume trade-offs we look at emissions break-even conditions for average speed and travel demand elasticity. Depending on the pollutant and the vehicle fleet, total emissions are only expected to decrease with increasing travel speed for initial conditions of both low demand elasticity and low average speed. Thus, higher levels of congestion do not necessarily increase emissions, nor will congestion mitigation inevitably reduce emissions. This result includes projects that seek to increase vehicle throughput from existing roadway supply through better traffic management and operations. Congestion mitigation through reduced vehicle volumes, on the other hand, presents the opportunity for additive emissions benefits through efficiency improvements and total Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) reductions. Comparing capacity-based congestion mitigation strategies with alternative emissions reduction strategies we show that where emissions reductions are possible through speed increases, the emissions benefits are likely to be more easily and cost-effectively attained by other strategies. A sketch analysis of vehicle-class segregated facilities shows that truck-only lane strategies consistently out-perform general-purpose/mixed-flow lane strategies in terms of emissions reductions. An analysis of several congestion-related performance measures shows that for reflecting emissions impacts, VMT is an essential component of performance. Thus, alternative congestion metrics such as total/excess travel distance and travel time are preferable emissions performance indicators to speed or distance-normalized delay. The Travel Time Index, in particular, poorly reflects emissions changes on congested roadways. This thesis offers several original contributions to the body of knowledge regarding congestion and emissions. First, it describes a parsimonious conceptual framework for assessing the effect of congestion on emissions. Then from that framework, several simple and original equations are presented which can be used for sketch-level planning to estimate emissions impacts from congestion mitigation. Finally, application of the framework provides quantitative support for the decoupling of congestion and emissions mitigations.
Download or read book The Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program written by United States. Federal Highway Administration and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reducing Congestion and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through Parking Policy written by California. Legislature. Senate. Committee on Transportation and Housing and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing Urban Traffic Congestion written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2007-05-31 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers policy-oriented, research-based recommendations for effectively managing traffic and cutting excess congestion in large urban areas.
Download or read book Urban Mobility Report 2004 written by David Schrank and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-10 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congestion continues to grow in America¿s urban areas. This report presents details on the 2004 trends, findings and what can be done to address the growing transportation problems. Trend data from 1982 to 2002 for 85 urban areas provides both a local view and a national perspective on the growth and extent of traffic congestion. The 2004 Report provides clear evidence that the time for improvements has arrived. Communicating the congestion levels and the need for improvements is a goal of this report. The decisions about which, and how much, improvement to fund will be made at the local level according to a variety of goals, but there are some broad conclusions that can be drawn from this database. Tables.
Download or read book Moving Cooler written by Cambridge Systematics and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Both the public and private sectors are grappling with decisions regarding policies that will lead to reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moving Cooler analyzes and assesses the effectiveness and costs of almost 50 transportation strategies for reducing GHG emissions, as well as evaluates combinations of those strategies. The findings of this study can help decision makers coordinate and shape effective approaches to reducing GHG emissions at all levels - national, regional, and local - while also meeting broader transportation objectives." --Book Jacket.
Download or read book The Effects of Transportation System Characteristics on the Success of Congestion Mitigation Strategies for Reducing Traffic Congestion and Air Pollution written by Markus Robijanto Kusuma and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Traffic Mitigation and Demand Management written by Richard L. Oram and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluating Traffic Congestion Mitigation Strategies written by Derrick Hayden Fesler and published by . This book was released on 2014-08-18 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2010, traffic congestion cost commuters in the U.S. approximately $101 billion in lost time and wasted fuel. Local governments and transportation agencies have used a variety of mitigation strategies to reduce the cost of traffic congestion. However, many of these mitigation strategies can be equally as costly to implement, maintain, and administer. With the federal government, and many local and state governments facing large budget deficits and dwindling tax revenues, it is imperative that these governments pursue mitigation strategies that are most cost effective. This thesis examines five traffic congestion mitigation strategies ranging from expanding roadway capacity to using toll-ways, to determine which ones are most and least cost effective. Using quantitative regression analysis, interviews with transportation policy and decision makers, and criteria alternative matrix analysis, I ranked each traffic congestion mitigation strategy from least to most cost effective, based on three cost criteria. I found that ramp metering was by far the most cost effective strategy, followed by toll-ways. Meanwhile, I found that expanding transit capacity was the least cost effective of the five strategies. As a result of my findings, I made three policy recommendations: Make full use of ramp metering, convert underutilized High Occupancy Vehicle lanes with High Occupancy Toll lanes, and expand roadway capacity only after more cost effective mitigations strategies have been exhausted.
Download or read book A Guide to the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program written by United States. Federal Highway Administration and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) established the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) Program. The CMAQ Program emphasizes the importance of the link between transportation and air quality, by providing 6 billion dollars between 1992-1997 for transportation projects and programs to improve air quality. Consequently, many areas will be able to implement transportation control measures (TCMs), in compliance with the mandates of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA).
Download or read book Transportation and Air Quality written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air, Climate Change, and Nuclear Safety and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urban Redevelopment and Traffic Congestion Management Strategies written by Yanli Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the relationship between urban land redevelopment and traffic systems and discusses the related research. Consisting of three main parts, the first analyzes the interaction between land redevelopment and traffic congestion as well as the mechanisms and causes of traffic congestion. The second part presents strategies for the prevention and control of traffic congestion under urban land redevelopment, proposing a two-stage evaluation system of traffic congestion pre-inspection and traffic impact analysis in the planning and implementation stages of land redevelopment. Lastly, the third section includes an application case analysis of the proposed traffic congestion management strategy.
Download or read book Modelling Transport written by Juan de Dios Ortúzar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Already the market leader in the field, Modelling Transport has become still more indispensible following a thorough and detailed update. Enhancements include two entirely new chapters on modelling for private sector projects and on activity-based modelling; a new section on dynamic assignment and micro-simulation; and sizeable updates to sections on disaggregate modelling and stated preference design and analysis. It also tackles topical issues such as valuation of externalities and the role of GPS in travel time surveys. Providing unrivalled depth and breadth of coverage, each topic is approached as a modelling exercise with discussion of the roles of theory, data, model specification, estimation, validation and application. The authors present the state of the art and its practical application in a pedagogic manner, easily understandable to both students and practitioners. Follows on from the highly successful third edition universally acknowledged as the leading text on transport modelling techniques and applications Includes two new chapters on modelling for private sector projects and activity based modeling, and numerous updates to existing chapters Incorporates treatment of recent issues and concerns like risk analysis and the dynamic interaction between land use and transport Provides comprehensive and rigorous information and guidance, enabling readers to make practical use of every available technique Relates the topics to new external factors and technologies such as global warming, valuation of externalities and global positioning systems (GPS).
Download or read book Traffic Related Air Pollution written by Haneen Khreis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs. Overviews existing and emerging tools to assess TRAP’s public health impacts Examines TRAP’s health effects at the population level Explores the latest technologies and policies--alongside their potential effectiveness and adverse consequences--for mitigating TRAP Guides on how methods and tools can leverage teaching, practice and policymaking to ameliorate TRAP and its effects
Download or read book Sustainable Transport Policies written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2000-09-05 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - Substantial progress has been made in improving the sustainability of transport in Europe in a number of areas and is reported in this paper. Nevertheless there remain important problems and challenges: - unsustainable rates of traffic growth ...
Download or read book Modeling of Traffic induced Emissions in the BCD Area written by Hayssam Hicham Sbayti and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increased urbanization of the Greater Beirut Area (GBA) over the past years has led to severe traffic congestion due to a deficient transportation system and significant reliance on the private vehicles as the primary passenger transport mode. As a result, air quality is continuously deteriorating particularly in densely populated areas. Beirut Central District (BCD), the center of economic growth in the GBA, is expected to witness severe air quality impacts in the medium- and long-term future. Hence, there is a growing need to couple the efficiency of transport activities with good air quality since both factors affect the welfare of the residents.--Historically, policy planners have focused on long-term strategies to abate elevated air pollution levels. For this purpose, traffic models and emission-dispersion models have been applied separately. The present research aims at integrating a traffic model and an emission-dispersion model to fit into the BCD context. The model will serve as a decision support tool for environmental officials and transportation policy planners for the management of traffic-related air pollution problems.--Four traffic management alternatives and five emission reduction strategies were studied for their effect on air quality. Total emissions and exposure levels in the peak period are evaluated. Implementation issues as well as a framework for the selection of best emission reduction options are proposed. Suggestions and recommendation for future work are also included at the end of the thesis.
