Download or read book Trace Metals and Other Elements in Crude Oil written by British Petroleum Company and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trace Metals and Other Elements in Crude Oil written by Peter Jones and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trace Elements in Petroleum written by Vlado Valković and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantitative Determination of Trace Metals in Crude Oils by X ray Spectrography written by Claudius W. Dwiggins and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Direct Trace and Ultra Trace Metals Determination in Crude Oil and Fractions by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry written by A. Prinzhofer and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method was developed to analyze direct trace and ultra-trace metal elements in crude oil nd its fractions (maltenes-asphaltenes) by ICP-MS after sample dilution in xylene. Efficient introduction of organic compounds requires addition of O2 for complete combustion of the sample; carbon deposit on cones (interface) and extraction lenses was minimized by optimization of argon to oxygen ratio in the plasma. A PFA-100 (100 ?l.mn-1) MicroFlow Nebulizer and a Scott "double pass" chilled spray chamber were associated for an optimal introduction of petroleum products. The Q-ICP/MS was equipped with platinum cones to limit drifts caused by cone corrosion during an organic analysis. A standard addition method was realized for the calibration procedure in order to control the matrix effects. Method validation was completed by analyzing three certified reference materials from the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST). NIST 1085b, NIST 1084a, and NIST 1634c accuracies were approximately 10 %. Detection limit of ultra trace elements in xylene were at pg.g-1 level. A clean PFA filter system was developed to separate the oil fractions (maltenes and asphaltenes) by precipitation of asphaltenes (heavy fraction) in n-heptane. For optimal detection conditions, the samples were diluted in xylene according to their pre-estimated element concentration range. Total mass balance shows a recovery close to 100 % for Ni, V, Cu, Mo, Ag, Sn, Ba, and Pb. These results show that elements analyzed are highly concentrated in the asphaltenic fraction.
Download or read book The Role of Trace Metals in Petroleum written by Teh Fu Yen and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1975 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods Development for Trace Metal Characterization of Crude Oil by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy written by M. Gonzales and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metals and other contaminating elements found in low concentrations (10 ppm or less) in crude oil can alter the conversion of refinery feedstocks by poisoning catalysts. Organic matrices, such as crude oil, can cause complications when analyzing for trace elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). This study addresses some of the problems associated with direct analysis of P, Mo, Zn, Pb, Ni, Sn, Fe, Cr, V, Ca, Cu, Ti, Ba, As, Hg, Se, Sb, and Mg in crude oil using this technique. Specific areas addressed were solvent selectivity, spectral overlap, and the use of an internal standard to overcome sample inconsistencies such as viscosity. Kerosine was selected, instead of xylene or MIBK, as the best solvent based on a study of detection limits. A list of preferred wavelengths, included in the report, is based upon a scanning study that determined spectral overlap and sensitivity. The use of scandium as an internal standard overcomes delivery and nebulization problems associated with variations in viscosity and also drift in the instrument. Recovery experiments on crude oil samples containing known amounts of the elements of interest show greater than 90% recovery on 14 of the 18 elements listed.
Download or read book Modern Instrumental Methods of Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants written by R. A. Nadkarni and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1991 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Review of Modern Instrumental Methods of Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Related Material written by RA. Nadkarni and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost all elements in the periodic table are found in petroleum products, varying from percent levels for C-H-S to parts per million and parts per billion levels for transition metals. The presence of elements in crude oil is ascribed to its marine animal and vegetative origin. Compared with two other fossil fuels -- coal and oil shale -- petroleum is a lesser source of environmental pollution. Extensive data on crude oils composition are available. Determination of S, N, V, Ni, and Fe form an integral part of crude assay analysis of oils carried out by all oil companies. Generally it is agreed that V, Ni, and Fe occur as metallo-porphyrins; Hg, Sb, and As as organometallic compounds; Mo and Ge as carboxylic acid salts; and silica and NaCl as colloidal minerals.
Download or read book Trace Metals and Other Elements written by P. Jones and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Petroleum for Trace Elements written by O. I. Milner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of Petroleum for Trace Elements details the methods for detecting the elements that are natural in various forms in petroleum. The book covers research and control applications, along with various types of petroleum stocks and products. The selection first covers the occurrence and importance of traces of non-hydrocarbon constituents, and then proceeds to tackling the principles and practices. The subsequent chapters cover the analytical and recommended method for analysis of a specific element, such as copper, iron, lead, and sulfur. The book will be of great use to scientists, engineers, and technicians involved in the oil industry.
Download or read book Elemental Analysis of Fuels and Lubricants written by R. A. Nadkarni and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2005 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oil in the Sea III written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.
Download or read book Trace Metals in Water from Crude Oil written by Joseph Robert Stencel and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Elemental Analysis of Crude Oils Using Spectroscopic Methods written by R. A. Kishore Nadkarni and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crude oils are highly complex hydrocarbon samples with some organometallic compounds, inorganic sediment, and water. Nearly 300 individual hydrocarbons and more than 200 separate sulfur compounds have been identified in crude oils [1]. A number of trace elements have been found in crude oils, but other than vanadium and nickel, which are most abundant in crude oils, other metals present have not received much work. There is also interest in the sodium content of crude oil as an indicator of sea-water contamination during transport. Many of these trace elements are present in milligram per kilogram (parts per million, ppm) or sub-ppm levels and thus, only sophisticated analytical techniques will be able to quantify them accurately.
Download or read book Analysis of Petroleum for Trace Metals written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proposed 1977 Outer Continental Shelf oil and gas lease sale South Atlantic written by United States. Bureau of Land Management and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
