Download or read book Toxic Effects of Selected Marine Phytoplankton on Purple Urchin Fertilization and Larval Development written by Sarah Elizabeth Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study determined the effects of selected algal species that commonly occur along the Southern California coast on purple urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) fertilization and embryo development. Algal blooms occur in Southern California with irregular intensity and timing and are monitored by the Harmful Algae and Red Tide Regional Monitoring Program, which is part of the Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS). The Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), on the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) campus, discharges into an Area of Special Biological Significance (ASBS), as designated by the State Water Resources Control Board. As part of the discharge monitoring program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency toxicity test methods are conducted on samples collected from the outfalls and receiving water twice a year, once during a storm event and once during dry weather. Five marine phytoplankton species were laboratory cultured for testing, including dinoflagellates (Lingulodinium polyedrum, Prorocentrum micans, and Akashiwo sanguinea) and diatoms (Thalassiosira rotula and Thalassiosira psuedonana). A naturally occurring bloom sample collected off of Scripps Pier of A. sanguinea was also used in this study. The hypothesis for this project was that toxic effects to sea urchin egg fertilization and embryo development will be observed at the highest environmentally relevant algal concentrations. Based on available literature, it is further hypothesized that the diatom T. pseudonana will show less of an effect than the dinoflagellates L. polyedrum and A. sanguinea as T. pseudonana is frequently used as a negative control. It is also anticipated that T. rotula, L. polyedrum, and A. sanguinea will have a greater effect than P. micans because of the lower level of biotoxin concentration created by P. micans. Additionally, it was anticipated that there would be an increase in the biotoxin effect after phytoplankton were in seawater overnight at 4 Celsius (oC). Results indicated that the presence through spiking of both laboratory cultured and naturally occurring populations of A. sanguinea in seawater decreased urchin fertilization potential and normal embryo development. The observed effects significantly increased with manual agitation of the algae. This study provides insight into the effects of naturally occurring algal blooms and the potential influence on mandated toxicity testing of the receiving waters in this ASBS.

Download or read book Effects of Ocean Acidification Combined with Multiple Stressors on Early Life Stages of the Pacific Purple Sea Urchin written by Leslie-Anne Stavroff and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decreases in ocean pH through ocean acidification has shown to have direct negative impacts on the early life stages of the Pacific purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Research has suggested that multiple stressors could exacerbate, cancel, or even alleviate the impacts of ocean acidification on echinoderms. This study assessed the combined effects of changes in p CO2 concentrations (390, 800, 1500 ppm), salinities (28, 31, 34 ppt) and temperatures (12, 15, 18°C) on fertilization and larval development in S. purpuratus. Increased p CO2 was the predominant stressor, with additive and antagonistic effects from temperature changes, and no effect from salinity changes. Stressor combinations significantly decreased the rate of normal larval development by 28 - 68%, whereas fertilization and larval survival were unaffected. The strong impact on normal larval development likely indicates that later development stages could be detrimentally affected and could influence the population dynamics of S. purpuratus.

Download or read book Toxicity Assessment of Marine Dinoflagellate Extracts Using Fish Embryo Toxicity and Sea Urchin Fertilization and Development Bioassays written by Phoebe Annamarie Argyle and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxic marine micro-algae that form harmful algal blooms can have serious human health impacts worldwide. New species are rapidly being described and their associated toxins isolated and characterised. A high level of within-species variation calls for specific testing and examination of isolates from different regions. The benthic dinoflagellate genera Ostreopsis and Gambierdiscus produce some of the most toxic natural known compounds, including palytoxin, ciguatoxin, and maitotoxin (and associated analogues). These toxins are associated with incurable human poisoning syndromes such as ciguatera fish poisoning through consumption of contaminated finfish. The aim of the study was to assess the toxicity of algal extracts containing known marine biotoxins (as determined by LC-MS analysis) using two bioassay models. Extracts of twelve Ostreopsis and Gambierdiscus isolates (originating from the Cook Islands, New Caledonia, Australia and New Zealand) were characterised using LC-MS methods to determine toxin content. Five out of seven Ostreopsis extracts were classified as palytoxin or palytoxin analogue producers. One Gambierdiscus extract produced ciguatoxins and one maitotoxin, with all five producing maitotoxin-3. The extracts were then tested in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) fish embryo toxicity (FET) the sea urchin (Evechinus chloriticus) fertilisation and developmental assays. The FET assay showed a toxic response to four out of five Gambierdiscus extracts with no response to any Ostreopsis extracts. Urchin fertilisation was not significantly affected by the presence of any of the algal extracts. Urchin larval development was significantly affected by two of the five Gambierdiscus extracts tested and partially affected by one of the seven Ostreopsis extracts. These results show the potential of these two bioassays as screening tools for marine algal biotoxins.

Download or read book Toxic Marine Phytoplankton written by Edna Granéli and published by . This book was released on with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Edible Sea Urchins Biology and Ecology written by John M. Lawrence and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-05-21 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea urchins are a major component of marine environments found throughout the world's oceans. A major model for research in developmental biology, they are also of major economic importance in many regions and interest in their management and aquaculture has increased greatly in recent years. This book provides a synthesis of biological and ecological characteristics of sea urchins that are of basic scientific interest and also essential for effective fisheries management and aquaculture. General chapters consider characteristics of sea urchins as a whole. In addition, specific chapters are devoted to the ecology of 17 species that are of major commercial interest and ecological importance. Features include: • A synthesis of what is known about the basic biological characteristics of the sea urchin, useful for the direction of future research. • Case histories of 17 species that illustrate their ecological role in a variety of environments. • With the catastrophic decline in fisheries resulting primarily from over-fishing, it is essential that the populations be managed effectively and that aquaculture be developed. This book provides knowledge of the biology and ecology of the commercially important sea urchins that will contribute to these goals. • The only book available in present literature devoted to sea urchins. With this new title experts provide a broad synthetic treatment and in depth analysis of the biology and ecology of sea urchins from around the world, designed to provide an understanding of the group and the basis for fisheries management and aquaculture.

Download or read book Echinoderm Larvae written by Herbert Clifton Chadwick and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book CO2 in Seawater Equilibrium Kinetics Isotopes written by R.E. Zeebe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-10-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas after water vapor in the atmosphere of the earth. More than 98% of the carbon of the atmosphere-ocean system is stored in the oceans as dissolved inorganic carbon. The key for understanding critical processes of the marine carbon cycle is a sound knowledge of the seawater carbonate chemistry, including equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties as well as stable isotope fractionation. Presenting the first coherent text describing equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties and stable isotope fractionation among the elements of the carbonate system. This volume presents an overview and a synthesis of these subjects which should be useful for graduate students and researchers in various fields such as biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography, paleoceanography, marine biology, marine chemistry, marine geology, and others. The volume includes an introduction to the equilibrium properties of the carbonate system in which basic concepts such as equilibrium constants, alkalinity, pH scales, and buffering are discussed. It also deals with the nonequilibrium properties of the seawater carbonate chemistry. Whereas principle of chemical kinetics are recapitulated, reaction rates and relaxation times of the carbonate system are considered in details. The book also provides a general introduction to stable isotope fractionation and describes the partitioning of carbon, oxygen, and boron isotopes between the species of the carbonate system. The appendix contains formulas for the equilibrium constants of the carbonate system, mathematical expressions to calculate carbonate system parameters, answers to exercises and more.

Download or read book Short term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Porewater Toxicity Testing written by Robert Scott Carr and published by Setac Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Echinoderms Part B written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Echinoderms, Volume 151, the latest release in the Methods in Cell Biology series, highlights advances in the field, with this update presenting chapters on Echinoderm Genome Databases, analysis of gene regulatory networks, using ATAC-seq and RNA-seq to increase resolution in GRN connectivity, multiplex cis-regulatory analysis, experimental approaches GRN/signal pathways, BACs, analysis of chromatin accessibility using ATAC-seq, analysis of sea urchin proteins /Click IT, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in sea urchins, super-resolution and in toto imaging of echinoderm embryos, and methods for analysis of intracellular ion signals in sperm, eggs and embryos. Presents clear, concise protocols provided by experts who have established the echinoderms as a model systems Highlights new advances in the field, with this update presenting interesting chapters on echinoderms

Download or read book Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Download or read book Oceanic Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997-10 with total page 1070 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Introduction to Aquatic Toxicology written by Mikko Nikinmaa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Aquatic Toxicology is an introductory reference for all aspects of toxicology pertaining to aquatic environments. As water sources diminish, the need to understand the effects that contaminants may have on aquatic organisms and ecosystems increases in importance. This book will provide you with a solid understanding of aquatic toxicology, its past, its cutting-edge present and its likely future. An Introduction to Aquatic Toxicology will introduce you to the global issue of aquatic contamination, detailing the major sources of contamination, from where they originate, and their effects on aquatic organisms and their environment. State-of-the-art toxicological topics covered include nanotoxicology, toxicogenomics, bioinformatics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, as well as water management and the toxicological effects of major environmental issues such as algal blooms, climate change and ocean acidification. This book is intended for anyone who wants to know more about the impact of toxicants on aquatic organisms and ecosystems, or to keep up to date with recent and future developments in the field. Provides with the latest perspectives on the impacts of toxicants on aquatic environments, such as nanotoxicology, toxicogenomics, ocean acidification and eutrophication Offers a complete overview, beginning with the origins of aquatic toxicology and concluding with potential future challenges Includes guidance on testing methods and a glossary of aquatic toxicology terms

Download or read book Bioactive Marine Natural Products written by Dewan S. Bhakuni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-30 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioactive Marine Natural Products is the first book available that covers all aspects of bioactive marine natural products. It fills the void in the literature for bioactive marine natural products. The book covers various aspects of marine natural products and it is hoped that all the major classes of bioactive compounds are included. Different classes of marine organisms and the separation and isolation techniques are discussed. The chemistry and biology of marine toxins, peptides, alkaloids, nucleosides and prostanoids are discussed in detail. Biological, toxicological and clinical evaluations are also dealt with to ensure that the book may be adopted at any stage by any practicing organic chemist or biologist, working in academia or in R and D divisions of pharmaceutical companies. Each chapter in the book includes an abstract to highlight the major points discussed in the text and concluding remarks are given. References to books, monographs, review articles and original papers are provided at the end of each chapter.

Download or read book Bridging the gap between ocean acidification impacts and economic valuation written by International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Global Marine and Polar Programme. and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the first international workshop on the economics of ocean acidification organized by the Centre Scientifique de Monaco and the International Atomic Energy Agency in 2010, a second international workshop was held in November 2012, which explored the level of risk, and the resilience or vulnerability of defined regions of the world ocean in terms of fishery and aquaculture species and economic impacts, and social adaptation. This report includes the findings and recommendations of the respective regional working groups and is the result of an interdisciplinary survey of ocean acidification-sensitive fisheries and aquaculture.