Download or read book Towards Next Generation Ocean Models written by Mattheus Percy Ueckermann and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (cont.) Finally, numerous solver-preconditioner combinations are benchmarked to identify an efficient solution method for inverting matrices, which is necessary for implicit time integration schemes. From our quantitative incubation of numerical schemes, a number of recommendations on the tools necessary to solve dynamical equations for multiscale ocean predictions are provided.
Download or read book Next Generation Earth System Prediction written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-22 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the nation's economic activities, security concerns, and stewardship of natural resources become increasingly complex and globally interrelated, they become ever more sensitive to adverse impacts from weather, climate, and other natural phenomena. For several decades, forecasts with lead times of a few days for weather and other environmental phenomena have yielded valuable information to improve decision-making across all sectors of society. Developing the capability to forecast environmental conditions and disruptive events several weeks and months in advance could dramatically increase the value and benefit of environmental predictions, saving lives, protecting property, increasing economic vitality, protecting the environment, and informing policy choices. Over the past decade, the ability to forecast weather and climate conditions on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales, i.e., two to fifty-two weeks in advance, has improved substantially. Although significant progress has been made, much work remains to make S2S predictions skillful enough, as well as optimally tailored and communicated, to enable widespread use. Next Generation Earth System Predictions presents a ten-year U.S. research agenda that increases the nation's S2S research and modeling capability, advances S2S forecasting, and aids in decision making at medium and extended lead times.
Download or read book Towards Internal Wave Resolving Simulations of the Ocean written by Sean Vitousek and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most ocean models solve the hydrostatic primitive equations. Small-scale processes such as nonlinear internal solitary waves, however, require computationally expensive nonhydrostatic simulations to be well-resolved because the balance of nonlinearity and dispersion is responsible for the wave's shape. The main goal of this dissertation is to inform the practice of nonhydrostatic ocean modeling. To this end, I have examined the accuracy and stability of poplar methods used in nonhydrostatic modeling. Most ocean models are second-order accurate, inducing numerical dispersion generated from odd-order terms in the truncation error. Numerical dispersion is problematic because it mimics physical dispersion due to nonhydrostasy. To ensure relative dominance of physical over numerical effects, simulations require the horizontal grid spacing ([Delta] x) to be less than the depth of the internal interface (h1). When this condition is not satisfied, numerical dispersion overwhelms physical dispersion, and modeled internal waves exist with a dynamical balance between nonlinearity and numerical dispersion. Satisfaction of this condition may be a significant additional resolution requirement beyond the current state-of-the-art in ocean modeling. To cope with this high horizontal resolution requirement, it becomes necessary to find other means of reducing resolution requirements and computational cost. To this end, I suggest a specific framework which has been implemented as a prototype for a next-generation ocean model. The new model is a nonhydrostatic, isopycnal-coordinate ocean model, which to my knowledge is the first of its kind. Isopycnal coordinates provide a natural representation of the problem physics which in turn reduces the number of vertical grid points and thus improves efficiency. Existing isopycnal-coordinate models are purely hydrostatic owing to the nearly hydrostatic scaling of most oceanic processes and the belief that nonhydrostatic effects are only associated with overturning motions which cannot be represented in isopycnal coordinates. However, processes such as nonlinear internal solitary waves are clearly nonhydrostatic and not associated with overturning motions. Thus a nonhydrostatic isopycnal coordinate model may be well-suited to simulating nonlinear internal solitary waves. Ideally, when the internal wave structure is predominantly mode-1, an isopycnal model with only two layers may suffice. I demonstrate that the new model is capable of simulating a variety of nonhydrostatic processes in idealized test cases with a reduced number of vertical layers.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Ocean Climate Models written by Stephen Griffies and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sets forth the physical, mathematical, and numerical foundations of computer models used to understand and predict the global ocean climate system. Aimed at students and researchers of ocean and climate science who seek to understand the physical content of ocean model equations and numerical methods for their solution, it is largely general in formulation and employs modern mathematical techniques. It also highlights certain areas of cutting-edge research. Stephen Griffies presents material that spans a broad spectrum of issues critical for modern ocean climate models. Topics are organized into parts consisting of related chapters, with each part largely self-contained. Early chapters focus on the basic equations arising from classical mechanics and thermodynamics used to rationalize ocean fluid dynamics. These equations are then cast into a form appropriate for numerical models of finite grid resolution. Basic discretization methods are described for commonly used classes of ocean climate models. The book proceeds to focus on the parameterization of phenomena occurring at scales unresolved by the ocean model, which represents a large part of modern oceanographic research. The final part provides a tutorial on the tensor methods that are used throughout the book, in a general and elegant fashion, to formulate the equations.
Download or read book Improving the Capacity of U S Climate Modeling for Decision makers and End users written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Los Alamos Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Frontiers of Climate Modeling written by J. T. Kiehl and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-30 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physics and dynamics of the atmosphere and atmosphere-ocean interactions provide the foundation of modern climate models, upon which our understanding of the chemistry and biology of ocean and land surface processes are built. Originally published in 2006, Frontiers of Climate Modeling captures developments in modeling the atmosphere, and their implications for our understanding of climate change, whether due to natural or anthropogenic causes. Emphasis is on elucidating how greenhouse gases and aerosols are altering the radiative forcing of the climate system and the sensitivity of the system to such perturbations. An expert team of authors address key aspects of the atmospheric greenhouse effect, clouds, aerosols, atmospheric radiative transfer, deep convection dynamics, large scale ocean dynamics, stratosphere-troposphere interactions, and coupled ocean-atmosphere model development. The book is an important reference for researchers and advanced students interested in the forces driving the climate system and how they are modeled by climate scientists.
Download or read book Investigating the oceans written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2007-10-18 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigating the Oceans : Tenth report of session 2006-07, Vol. 2: Oral and written Evidence
Download or read book Computational and Experimental Fluid Mechanics with Applications to Physics Engineering and the Environment written by Leonardo Di G. Sigalotti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-11 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a collection of selected papers from the I Workshop of the Venezuelan Society of Fluid Mechanics held on Margarita Island, Venezuela from November 4 to 9, 2012. Written by experts in their respective fields, the contributions are organized into five parts: - Part I Invited Lectures, consisting of full-length technical papers on both computational and experimental fluid mechanics covering a wide range of topics from drops to multiphase and granular flows to astrophysical flows, - Part II Drops, Particles and Waves - Part III Multiphase and Multicomponent Flows - Part IV Atmospheric and Granular Flows - and Part V Turbulent and Astrophysical Flows. The book is intended for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students as well as for physicists, chemists and engineers teaching and working in the field of fluid mechanics and its applications. The contributions are the result of recent advances in theoretical and experimental research in fluid mechanics, encompassing both fundamentals as well as applications to fluid engineering design, including pipelines, turbines, flow separators, hydraulic systems and biological fluid elements, and to granular, environmental and astrophysical flows.
Download or read book Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory written by Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sea Ice Analysis and Forecasting written by Tom Carrieres and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an advanced introduction to the science behind automated prediction systems, focusing on sea ice analysis and forecasting. Starting from basic principles, fundamental concepts in sea ice physics, remote sensing, numerical methods, and statistics are explained at an accessible level. Existing operational automated prediction systems are described and their impacts on information providers and end clients are discussed. The book also provides insight into the likely future development of sea ice services and how they will evolve from mainly manual processes to increasing automation, with a consequent increase in the diversity and information content of new ice products. With contributions from world-leading experts in the fields of sea ice remote sensing, data assimilation, numerical modelling, and verification and operational prediction, this comprehensive reference is ideal for students, sea ice analysts, and researchers, as well as decision-makers and professionals working in the ice service industry.
Download or read book Program Report written by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Atmospheric and Geophysical Sciences Division and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Commerce Justice Science and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2013 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 1384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Omics in a Changing Ocean Modelling Molecular Pathways and Networks to Understand Species Acclimation and Adaptation written by Carolina Madeira and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-07-08 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global climate change is a major threat to marine biodiversity worldwide. Average changes in ocean temperature, pH, and oxygenation are re-shaping marine communities, with significant impacts on the critical services that marine ecosystems provide to mankind. As global climate change continues, the frequency, duration, and intensity of extreme weather events are also predicted to increase, with fast and far-reaching consequences on marine species, including mass mortality and disruption of ecological processes. As a result, millions of ocean-dependent livelihoods and jobs are also at risk, with consequent economic impacts. Given the current climate and biodiversity crisis, the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services has emphasized the relevance of (1) increasing knowledge and protection of biodiversity and (2) assessing species climate-driven extinction risks. To achieve these goals, we need to understand organism-environment-ecology-evolution interactions at various levels of the biological hierarchy, from molecules to ecosystems. However, we are still lacking a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms shaping phenotypic landscapes in the natural environment, and under different global change scenarios. To address such challenges, a new strategic program was also launched by the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), “Molecules to Ecosystems”, to study life in context, and provide new research avenues in molecular life sciences. In this context, the emerging disciplines of Marine Omics and Marine Systems Biology will be key to supporting innovative solutions in marine ecosystem conservation and blue bioeconomy (for example uncover molecular traits underlying sensitivity/tolerance to environmental change, supporting assisted evolution approaches; molecular targets that can be used for diagnostics, monitoring and development of biotechnological applications).
Download or read book Preparing a Workforce for the New Blue Economy written by Liesl Hotaling and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preparing a Workforce for the New Blue Economy: People, Products and Policies discusses the Blue Economy, how the industry will develop, and how to train the next generation. The book considers the use of big data, key skillsets, training undergraduate and graduate students, the Transition Assistance Program (TAP) in the US, economic opportunities in African coastal countries, and governmental agencies, non-profits and NGO’s. Finally, a broad range of case studies are provided, covering oil spills, commercial fishing, data protection and harvesting, sustainability and weather forecasting, all presented to highlight the educational requirements of the workforce and potential economic opportunities. Coordinates efforts from different disciplines and sectors, and shares effective teaching practices and approaches Includes comprehensive case studies that highlight the educational requirements of the workforce and potential economic opportunities Presents a framework for unifying several workforce sectors that are dependent upon the ocean
Download or read book Multi scale fluid physics in oceanic flows New insights from laboratory experiments and numerical simulations written by Shi-Di Huang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-15 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rainfall Runoff Modelling written by Keith J. Beven and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rainfall-Runoff Modelling: The Primer, Second Edition is the follow-up of this popular and authoritative text, first published in 2001. The book provides both a primer for the novice and detailed descriptions of techniques for more advanced practitioners, covering rainfall-runoff models and their practical applications. This new edition extends these aims to include additional chapters dealing with prediction in ungauged basins, predicting residence time distributions, predicting the impacts of change and the next generation of hydrological models. Giving a comprehensive summary of available techniques based on established practices and recent research the book offers a thorough and accessible overview of the area. Rainfall-Runoff Modelling: The Primer Second Edition focuses on predicting hydrographs using models based on data and on representations of hydrological process. Dealing with the history of the development of rainfall-runoff models, uncertainty in mode predictions, good and bad practice and ending with a look at how to predict future catchment hydrological responses this book provides an essential underpinning of rainfall-runoff modelling topics. Fully revised and updated version of this highly popular text Suitable for both novices in the area and for more advanced users and developers Written by a leading expert in the field Guide to internet sources for rainfall-runoff modelling software
