Download or read book Ball Milling Towards Green Synthesis written by Achim Stolle and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-11-26 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ball milling has emerged as a powerful tool over the past few years for effecting chemical reactions by mechanical energy. Allowing a variety of reactions to occur at ambient temperatures and in solvent-free conditions, ball milling presents a greener route for many chemical processes. Compared to the use of microwave and ultrasound as energy sources for chemical reactions, ball milling is not as familiar to chemists and yet it holds great potential. This book will introduce practicing chemists to the technique and will highlight its importance for green transformations. Current applications of ball milling will be covered in detail as well as its origin, recent developments and future scope, challenges and prospects. Chemical transformations covered include carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation, oxidation by solid oxidants, asymmetric organo-catalytic reactions, dehydrogenative coupling, peptide syntheses and polymeric material syntheses. The book will provide a valuable guide for organic, inorganic and organometallic chemists, material scientists, polymer scientists, reaction engineers and postgraduate students in chemistry.

Download or read book Science of Synthesis Advances in Organoboron Chemistry towards Organic Synthesis written by E. Fernández and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2020-05-22 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The widespread use of organoboron compounds justifies the efforts devoted to their synthesis, as well as toward developing an understanding of their reactivity. The nature of the mono- or diboron species is of paramount importance in determining the reversible covalent binding properties of the boron atom with both nucleophiles and electrophiles. By wedding the rich chemical potential of organoboron compounds to the ubiquity of organic scaffolds, advanced borylation reactions have the potential to open unprecedented synthetic alternatives, and new knowledge in the field should encourage chemists to use organoboron compounds. In this volume, the main objective is to provide a collection of the most useful, practical, and reliable methods, reported mainly within the last decade, for boron activation and boron reactivity. The volume covers the main concepts of organoboron compounds and includes experimental procedures, enabling newcomers to the field the instant and reliable application of the new tools in synthesis. Rather than aiming for a comprehensive coverage, the most advanced solutions for challenging transformations are introduced. To this end, a team of pioneers and leaders in the field have been assembled who discuss both the practical and conceptual aspects of this rapidly growing field.

Download or read book Urban Climates written by T. R. Oke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.

Download or read book Resource Based and Evolutionary Theories of the Firm written by Cynthia A. Montgomery and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resource-Based and Evolutionary Theories of the Firm: Towards a Synthesis explores the intersection of evolutionary theories of the firm with an emergent body of research in the field of strategic management that has been broadly referred to as the `resource-based view of the firm'. The volume approaches strategic questions from several vantage points, thereby fostering a useful cross-fertilization of ideas. The views presented spring from a variety of sources, namely the principles of strategic management, organisation economics, and population ecology.

Download or read book International Relations Theory and Ecological Thought written by Eric Laferrière and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological crises have never been higher on the international political agenda. However, ecological thought and international relations theory have developed as separate disciplines. This ground-breaking study looks at the relationship between ecological thought and international relations theory arguing that there are shared concerns: peace, co-operation and security. The authors ask what ecological crisis can teach IR theorists as well as what ecological perspectives have been adopted by governments and international NGOs.

Download or read book Notes on the Synthesis of Form written by Christopher Alexander and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1964 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "These notes are about the process of design: the process of inventing things which display new physical order, organization, form, in response to function." This book, opening with these words, presents an entirely new theory of the process of design. In the first part of the book, Christopher Alexander discusses the process by which a form is adapted to the context of human needs and demands that has called it into being. He shows that such an adaptive process will be successful only if it proceeds piecemeal instead of all at once. It is for this reason that forms from traditional un-self-conscious cultures, molded not by designers but by the slow pattern of changes within tradition, are so beautifully organized and adapted. When the designer, in our own self-conscious culture, is called on to create a form that is adapted to its context he is unsuccessful, because the preconceived categories out of which he builds his picture of the problem do not correspond to the inherent components of the problem, and therefore lead only to the arbitrariness, willfulness, and lack of understanding which plague the design of modern buildings and modern cities. In the second part, Mr. Alexander presents a method by which the designer may bring his full creative imagination into play, and yet avoid the traps of irrelevant preconception. He shows that, whenever a problem is stated, it is possible to ignore existing concepts and to create new concepts, out of the structure of the problem itself, which do correspond correctly to what he calls the subsystems of the adaptive process. By treating each of these subsystems as a separate subproblem, the designer can translate the new concepts into form. The form, because of the process, will be well-adapted to its context, non-arbitrary, and correct. The mathematics underlying this method, based mainly on set theory, is fully developed in a long appendix. Another appendix demonstrates the application of the method to the design of an Indian village.

Download or read book The Riverine Ecosystem Synthesis written by James H. Thorp and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-27 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the most comprehensive model yet for describing the structure and functioning of running freshwater ecosystems. Riverine Ecosystems Synthesis (RES) is a result of combining several theories published in recent decades, dealing with aquatic and terrestrial systems. New analyses are fused with a variety of new perspectives on how river network ecosystems are structured and function, and how they change along longitudinal, lateral, and temporal dimensions. Among these novel perspectives is a dramatically new view of the role of hydrogeomorphic forces in forming functional process zones from headwaters to the mouths of great rivers. Designed as a useful tool for aquatic scientists worldwide whether they work on small streams or great rivers and in forested or semi-arid regions, this book will provide a means for scientists to understand the fundamental and applied aspects of rivers in general and includes a practical guide and protocols for analyzing individual rivers. Specific examples of rivers in at least four continents (Africa, Australia, Europe and North America) serve to illustrate the power and utility of the RES concept. Develops the classic, seminal article in River Research and Applications, "A Model of Biocomplexity in River Networks Across Space and Time" which introduced the RES concept for the first time A guide to the practical analysis of individual rivers, extending its use from pristine ecosystems to modern, human-modified rivers An essential aid both to the study fundamental and applied aspects of rivers, such as rehabilitation, management, monitoring, assessment, and flow manipulation of networks

Download or read book Physiological Processes in Plant Ecology written by C.B. Osmond and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the spring of 1969 a small meeting was convened at the CSIRO Riverina Laboratory, Deniliquin, New South Wales, to discuss the biology of the genus Atriplex, a group of plants considered by those who attended to be of profound importance both in relation to range management in the region and as a tool in physiological research. The brief report of this meeting (Jones, 1970) now serves as a marker for the subsequent remarkable increase in research on this genus, and served then to interest the editors of the Ecological Studies Series in the present volume. This was an exciting time in plant physiology, particularly in the areas of ion absorption and photosynthesis, and unknowingly several laboratories were engaged in parallel studies of these processes using the genus Atriplex. It was also a time at which it seemed that numerical methods in plant ecology could be used to delineate significant processes in arid shrubland ecosystems. Nevertheless, to presume to illustrate and integrate plant physiology and ecology using examples from a single genus was to presume much. The deficiencies which became increasingly apparent during the preparation of the present book were responsible for much new research described in these pages.

Download or read book Analysis and Synthesis of Speech written by Vincent van Heuven and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 1993 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "Analysis and Synthesis of Speech".

Download or read book Network Analysis and Synthesis written by Brian D. O. Anderson and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2013-01-30 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive look at linear network analysis and synthesis explores state-space synthesis as well as analysis, employing modern systems theory to unite classical concepts of network theory. 1973 edition.

Download or read book Complexity and Evolution written by David S. Wilson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of how approaches that draw on evolutionary theory and complexity science can advance our understanding of economics. Two widely heralded yet contested approaches to economics have emerged in recent years: one emphasizes evolutionary theory in terms of individuals and institutions; the other views economies as complex adaptive systems. In this book, leading scholars examine these two bodies of theory, exploring their possible impact on economics. Relevant concepts from evolutionary theory drawn on by the contributors include the distinction between proximate and ultimate causation, multilevel selection, cultural change as an evolutionary process, and human psychology as a product of gene-culture coevolution. Applicable ideas from complexity theory include self-organization, fractals, chaos theory, sensitive dependence, basins of attraction, and path dependence. The contributors discuss a synthesis of complexity and evolutionary approaches and the challenges that emerge. Focusing on evolutionary behavioral economics, and the evolution of institutions, they offer practical applications and point to avenues for future research. Contributors Robert Axtell, Jenna Bednar, Eric D. Beinhocker, Adrian V. Bell, Terence C. Burnham, Julia Chelen, David Colander, Iain D. Couzin, Thomas E. Currie, Joshua M. Epstein, Daniel Fricke, Herbert Gintis, Paul W. Glimcher, John Gowdy, Thorsten Hens, Michael E. Hochberg, Alan Kirman, Robert Kurzban, Leonhard Lades, Stephen E. G. Lea, John E. Mayfield, Mariana Mazzucato, Kevin McCabe, John F. Padgett, Scott E. Page, Karthik Panchanathan, Peter J. Richerson, Peter Schuster, Georg Schwesinger, Rajiv Sethi, Enrico Spolaore, Sven Steinmo, Miriam Teschl, Peter Turchin, Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh, Sander E. van der Leeuw, Romain Wacziarg, John J. Wallis, David S. Wilson, Ulrich Witt

Download or read book Narrative Unreliability in the Twentieth Century First Person Novel written by Elke D'hoker and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-12-10 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume deals with the occurrence and development of unreliable first-person narration in twentieth century Western literature. The different articles in this collection approach this topic both from the angle of literary theory and through a detailed reading of literary texts. By addressing questions concerning the functions, characteristics and types of unreliability, this collection contributes to the current theoretical debate about unreliable narration. At the same time, the collection highlights the different uses to which unreliability has been put in different contexts, poetical traditions and literary movements. It does so by tracing the unreliable first-person narrator in a variety of texts from Dutch, German, American, British, French, Italian, Polish, Danish and Argentinean literature. In this way, this volume significantly extends the traditional ‘canon’ of narrative unreliability. This collection combines essays from some of the foremost theoreticians of unreliability (James Phelan, Ansgar Nünning) with essays from experts in different national traditions. The result is a collection that approaches the ‘case’ of narrative unreliability from a new and more varied perspective.

Download or read book Progress in Total Synthesis written by Sarah Danishefsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 1971-01-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series stemmed from a group of weekly seminars in our research group aimed at keeping its members abreast of recent developments in organic synthesis. The seminars tended to consist of several syntheses of natural products or related systems with particular emphasis on the general strategy inherent in the effort, new and interesting reactions which were utilized in the work, and specificity (or the lack of it) in arranging the relative stereochemistry of asymmetric centers and the geometry of double bonds. We found that natural products offered an attractive setting in which the larger science of organic chemistry could be put to crucial tests. A truly elegant synthesis is a major advance in that it epitomizes how an imaginative mastery of the course of organic reactions can achieve a sophisticated objective by an economy of operations. Indeed any successful synthesis of a reasonably complex product, however cumbersome and graceless, is an important event for those who delight in the problem-solving dimension of science.

Download or read book Towards a Synthesis written by Keith Busby and published by Rodopi. This book was released on 1993 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1980's and early 1990's were witness to controversial discussions concerning the nature and role of philology in medieval studies. Some scholars defended the values and methods of tradition while others argued for a break with the past and the need to rethink medieval studies in the light of a (post)modern episteme. The essays in this book reflect the vigour of the debate with reference to romance studies, particularly Old French. Taken collectively, they argue not for a choice between two extreme positions, but rather a synthesis that combines the best of both worlds. The contributors are Donald Maddox, Richard F. O'Gorman, William D. Paden, Rupert T. Pickens, Barbara N. Sargent-Baur, Evelyn Birge Vitz, Haijo Westra, and Keith Busby.

Download or read book Sustainability in the Design Synthesis and Analysis of Chemical Engineering Processes written by Gerardo Ruiz Mercado and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2016-06-09 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainability in the Design, Synthesis and Analysis of Chemical Engineering Processes is an edited collection of contributions from leaders in their field. It takes a holistic view of sustainability in chemical and process engineering design, and incorporates economic analysis and human dimensions. Ruiz-Mercado and Cabezas have brought to this book their experience of researching sustainable process design and life cycle sustainability evaluation to assist with development in government, industry and academia. This book takes a practical, step-by-step approach to designing sustainable plants and processes by starting from chemical engineering fundamentals. This method enables readers to achieve new process design approaches with high influence and less complexity. It will also help to incorporate sustainability at the early stages of project life, and build up multiple systems level perspectives. Ruiz-Mercado and Cabezas’ book is the only book on the market that looks at process sustainability from a chemical engineering fundamentals perspective. Improve plants, processes and products with sustainability in mind; from conceptual design to life cycle assessment Avoid retro fitting costs by planning for sustainability concerns at the start of the design process Link sustainability to the chemical engineering fundamentals

Download or read book Total Chemical Synthesis of Proteins written by Ashraf Brik and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to synthesize native and modified proteins in the test tube With contributions from a panel of experts representing a range of disciplines, Total Chemical Synthesis of Proteins presents a carefully curated collection of synthetic approaches and strategies for the total synthesis of native and modified proteins. Comprehensive in scope, this important reference explores the three main chemoselective ligation methods for assembling unprotected peptide segments, including native chemical ligation (NCL). It includes information on synthetic strategies for the complex polypeptides that constitute glycoproteins, sulfoproteins, and membrane proteins, as well as their characterization. In addition, important areas of application for total protein synthesis are detailed, such as protein crystallography, protein engineering, and biomedical research. The authors also discuss the synthetic challenges that remain to be addressed. This unmatched resource: Contains valuable insights from the pioneers in the field of chemical protein synthesis Presents proven synthetic approaches for a range of protein families Explores key applications of precisely controlled protein synthesis, including novel diagnostics and therapeutics Written for organic chemists, biochemists, biotechnologists, and molecular biologists, Total Chemical Synthesis of Proteins provides key knowledge for everyone venturing into the burgeoning field of protein design and synthetic biology.

Download or read book Organic Synthesis Today and Tomorrow written by Barry M. Trost and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic Synthesis: Today and Tomorrow covers the proceedings of the Third International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Symposium on Organic Synthesis. The book covers topics that tackle relevant issues about organic chemistry. Comprised of 27 chapters, the book covers lectures that tackle topics pertaining organic chemistry. These topics include useful synthetic methods for general application; development of chemistry concepts for use in construction of molecular sub-assemblies; and interplay of synthetic methodology and the total synthesis of organic compounds. The book will be of great interest to scientists, such as biochemists who are concerned with the advances in organic chemistry.