Download or read book Time resolved X ray Diffraction Studies of Laser induced Dynamics in Solids written by Åsa Bengtsson and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray diffraction is an invaluable tool in the field of structural dynamics. In the work described in this thesis, time-resolved X-ray diffraction experiments were carried out to investigate ultrafast lattice dynamics. Ultrashort laser pulses were used to induce non-thermal melting and large-amplitude strain waves, and X-rays were used to probe these phenomena. Non-thermal melting was studied in indium antimonide (InSb). It was found that the inertial model, which states that the motion of the atoms is determined by their initial vibrational energy at the time of laser irradiation, accurately describes the process of non-thermal melting. It was demonstrated that the model is valid over a large range of temperatures, from 35 to 500 K, when taking the zero-point energy into account at low temperatures. It was also shown how the process of non-thermal melting can be used as a timing monitor to determine the relative timing of laser and X-ray beams in pump/probe experiments. It was shown how the use of an opto-acoustic transducer could reduce the duration of an Xray pulse. The transducer was made of a thin gold film deposited on the surface of bulk InSb. Upon heating the thin gold film with an ultrashort laser pulse, a strain wave was generated in the semiconductor. This resulted in a modulated phonon spectrum and X-ray reflectivity. It was shown that a 100 ps long X-ray pulse can be transformed to a 20 ps pulse with an 8% efficiency. A large-amplitude strain wave was generated in graphite using an ultrashort laser pulse to elucidate the potential role of strain in phase transitions. The temporal evolution of the strain wave was mapped, and the pressure deduced. It was found that it was possible to induce a pressure and temperature corresponding to the region in the carbon phase diagram in which diamond can form.
Download or read book Ultrafast Lattice Dynamics in Solids Probed by Time resolved X ray Diffraction written by Aaron Michael Lindenberg and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nonlinear Optics Quantum Optics and Ultrafast Phenomena with X Rays written by Bernhard Adams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonlinear Optics, Quantum Optics, and Ultrafast Phenomena with X-Rays is an introduction to cutting-edge science that is beginning to emerge on state-of-the-art synchrotron radiation facilities and will come to flourish with the x-ray free-electron lasers currently being planned. It is intended for the use by scientists at synchrotron radiation facilities working with the combination of x-rays and lasers and those preparing for the science at x-ray free-electron lasers. In the past decade synchrotron radiation sources have experienced a tremendous increase in their brilliance and other figures of merit. This progress, driven strongly by the scientific applications, is still going on and may actually be accelerating with the advent of x-ray free-electron lasers. As a result, a confluence of x-ray and laser physics is taking place, due to the increasing importance of laser concepts, such as coherence and nonlinear optics to the x-ray community and the importance of x-ray optics to the laser-generation of ultrashort pulses of x-rays.
Download or read book Coherent X ray Diffraction of Laser induced Magnetization Dynamics and Nonlinear X ray Effects written by Benny Cheng Han Wu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coherent x-ray di raction is an attractive tool for studying a wide range of condensed matter systems due to the many unique advantages of x-rays - small wavelengths, large penetration depths, and chemical and elemental specifity. Soft x-rays are particularly important for the study of magnetism, as many of the important magnetic elements have strong resonances in this regime. This dissertation discusses two sets of coherent x-ray experiments. The first part focuses on the development of time-resolved optical pump x-ray probe experiments both at a synchrotron and an x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) source. Using this technique, I studied the femto- to picosecond relaxation dynamics in the labyrinth-like magnetic domains of a Co/Pd multilayer thin film following excitation by a femtosecond optical pulse. From the normalized correlation function, I isolated the elastic and fluctuating portions of the scattering intensity during the relaxation process. The emergence of XFELs such as the Linac Coherent Light Source has dramatically altered the types of experiments that are now possible, including the systematic exploration of nonlinear x-ray-matter interactions. Nonlinear spectroscopy in the optical regime has contributed immensely to our understanding of microscopic interactions and dynamical processes. The hope is to extend these spectroscopic techniques to the x-ray regime, to take advantage of the smaller wavelength, elemental and chemical specificity, and momentum resolution. One of the most promising nonlinear x-ray techniques is stimulated resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS), analogous to stimulated Raman scattering in the optical regime. The critical question is whether the threshold for stimulated RIXS will be low enough, below the sample damage threshold, for it to be a viable technique for systems of interest. In the second half of this dissertation, I demonstrate strong indications of stimulated RIXS in a high intensity single shot coherent di raction experiment at LCLS. By utilizing the strong resonant enhancements of the scattering cross-section, significant nonlinear changes in the di raction as a function of x-ray pulse intensity were detected. These observations are consistent with calculated intensities for a stimulated inelastic scattering process. Further intensity dependent spectroscopy experiments are planned for LCLS to con rm the threshold for stimulated scattering. The development of nonlinear x-ray spectroscopic techniques will certainly revolutionize existing fields as well as spawn entirely new fields of research.
Download or read book Time Resolved Diffraction Profiles and Atomic Dynamics in Short Pulse Laser Induced Structural Transformations Molecular Dynamics Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diffraction profiles and density correlation functions are calculated for transient atomic configurations generated in molecular dynamics simulations of a 20 nm Au film irradiated with 200 fs laser pulses of different intensity. The results of the calculations provide an opportunity to directly relate the detailed information on the atomic-level structural rearrangements available from the simulations to the diffraction spectra measured in time-resolved x-ray and electron diffraction experiments. Three processes are found to be responsible for the evolution of the diffraction profiles. During the first several picoseconds after the laser excitation, the decrease of the intensity of the diffraction peaks is largely due to the increasing amplitude of thermal atomic vibrations and can be well described by the Debye-Waller factor. The effect of thermoelastic deformation of the film prior to melting is reflected in shifts and splittings of the diffraction peaks, providing an opportunity for experimental probing of the ultrafast deformations. Finally, the onset of the melting process results in complete disappearance of the crystalline diffraction peaks. The homogeneous nucleation of a large number of liquid regions throughout the film is found to be more effective in reducing long-range correlations in atomic positions and diminishing the diffraction peaks as compared to the heterogeneous melting by melting front propagation. For the same fraction of atoms retaining the local crystalline environment, the diffraction peaks are more pronounced in heterogeneous melting. A detailed analysis of the real space correlations in atomic positions is also performed and the atomic-level picture behind the experimentally observed fast disappearance of the correlation peak corresponding to the second nearest neighbors in the fcc lattice during the laser heating and melting processes is revealed.
Download or read book Time resolved Diffraction written by J. R Helliwell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1997-12-18 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent technological advances in synchrotron and neutron sources, detectors, and computer hardware and software have made possible diffraction techniques which collect data at successive moments in time. This is the first book to bring together reviews and research articles covering the three branches of time-resolved diffraction--X-ray, electron, and neutron field. Time-Resolved Diffraction covers gases, liquids, amorphous solids, fibers, and crystals and does so in a multidisciplinary framework which includes examples from molecular biology and chemistry, as well as techniques from physics and materials science. The various time scales of data collection cover ten orders of magnitude, from the sub-pico domain to the kilosecond. Research scientists and graduate students will find this book the most complete compendium of work in this developing field.
Download or read book Time resolved Diffraction Studies of Structural Dynamics in Solids written by Xiaocui Wang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanoscale Photonic Imaging written by Tim Salditt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.
Download or read book X Ray Diffraction Studies on the Deformation and Fracture of Solids written by Kazuyoshi Tanaka and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-01-24 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers current research findings and engineering applications of X–ray methods by the Japanese X–ray group members. The first part of the volume deals with fundamental problems in the methods for X–ray stress measurement. Phase stresses in the constituent phases of ceramic composites and ceramic-fiber reinforced metal-matrix composites are separately measured by X–rays, while three-dimensional stresses and thermal stresses in composites measured by X–rays are compared with the theoretical and numerical analyses. This work will therfore provide significant information for designing high-performance composites. Other topics covered include synchrotron X–ray radiation and the analysis of X–ray data by the Guassian curve method. Part two is devoted to the application of X–ray diffraction methods for various engineering purposes, the residual stress and half-value breadth (the full width at half the maximum) of the diffraction profiles being the two main X–ray parameters utilized in those applications. Chapters are included on X–ray fractography, a powerful technique for failure analysis, which is applied to the brittle fracture of ceramics and to the fatigue fracture of steels under various service conditions.
Download or read book Time resolved X ray Diffraction Studies of Phonons and Phase Transitions written by Ola Synnergren and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Laser Ablation and Its Applications written by Claude Phipps and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser ablation describes the interaction of intense optical fields with matter, in which atoms are selectively driven off by thermal or nonthermal mechanisms. The field of laser ablation physics is advancing so rapidly that its principal results are seen only in specialized journals and conferences. This is the first book that combines the most recent results in this rapidly advancing field with authoritative treatment of laser ablation and its applications, including the physics of high-power laser-matter interaction. Many practical applications exist, ranging from inertial confinement fusion to propulsion of aerostats for pollution monitoring to laser ignition of hypersonic engines to laser cleaning nanoscale contaminants in high-volume computer hard drive manufacture to direct observation of the electronic or dissociative states in atoms and molecules, to studying the properties of materials during 200kbar shocks developed in 200fs. Selecting topics which are representative of such a broad field is difficult. Laser Ablation and its Applications emphasizes the wide range of these topics rather than - as is so often the case in advanced science – focusing on one specialty or discipline. The book is divided into four sections: theory and modeling, ultrafast interactions, material processing and laser-matter interaction in novel regimes. The latter range from MALDI to ICF, SNOM’s and femtosecond nanosurgery to laser space propulsion. The book arose from the SPIE series of High Power Laser Ablation Symposia which began in 1998. It is intended for a graduate course in laser interactions with plasmas and materials, but it should be accessible to anyone with a graduate degree in physics or engineering. It is also intended as a major reference work to familiarize scientists just entering the field with laser ablation and its applications.
Download or read book Structures on Different Time Scales written by Theo Woike and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 1 of this work presents theory and methods to study the structure of condensed matter on different time scales. The authors cover the structure analysis by X-ray diffraction methods from crystalline to amorphous materials, from static-relaxed averaged structures to short-lived electronically excited structures, including detailed descriptions of the time-resolved experimental methods. Complementary, an overview of the theoretical description of condensed matter by static and time-dependent density functional theory is given, starting from the fundamental quantities that can be obtained by these methods through to the recent challenges in the description of time dependent phenomena such as optical excitations. Contents Static structural analysis of condensed matter: from single-crystal to amorphous DFT calculations of solids in the ground state TDDFT, excitations, and spectroscopy Time-resolved structural analysis: probing condensed matter in motion Ultrafast science
Download or read book Time Resolved in Situ X ray Diffraction from Laser Shocked Solids written by Nigel Charles Woolsey and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Light Scattering in Solids IX written by Manuel Cardona and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-12-15 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume treats new materials (nanotubes and quantum dots) and new techniques (synchrotron radiation scattering and cavity confined scattering). In the past five years, Raman and Brillouin scattering have taken a place among the most important research and characterization methods for carbon nanotubes. Among the novel techniques discussed in this volume are those employing synchrotron radiation as a light source.
Download or read book Ultrafast Phenomena XVI written by Paul Corkum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-23 with total page 1031 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultrafast Phenomena XVI presents the latest advances in ultrafast science, including both ultrafast optical technology and the study of ultrafast phenomena. It covers picosecond, femtosecond and attosecond processes relevant to applications in physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. Ultrafast technology has a profound impact in a wide range of applications, amongst them biomedical imaging, chemical dynamics, frequency standards, material processing, and ultrahigh speed communications. This book summarizes the results presented at the 16th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena and provides an up-to-date view of this important and rapidly advancing field.
Download or read book The Future of Dynamic Structural Science written by Judith A.K. Howard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work focuses on complementary crystallographic and spectroscopic areas of dynamic structural science, from papers presented at the 46th NATO sponsored course in Erice, Sicily 2013. These papers cover a range of material from background concepts to more advanced material and represent a fully inter-disciplinary collection of the latest ideas and results within the field. They will appeal to practising or novice crystallographers, both chemical and biological, who wish to learn more about modern spectroscopic methods and convergent advances and hence vice versa for experimental and computational spectroscopists. The chapters refer to the latest techniques, software and results and each chapter is fully referenced. The volume provides an excellent starting point for new comers in the emerging, multi-disciplinary area of time resolved science.
Download or read book Time resolved Electron and X ray Diffraction written by Peter M. Rentzepis and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
