Download or read book Three Essays on the Colombian Labour Market written by Sonia Alexandra Agudelo Ayala and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Esta disertación doctoral consiste en tres ensayos sobre el mercado laboral colombiano. Su objetivo es contribuir a la discusión académica y aportar nuevos conocimientos sobre la configuración de los mercados laborales en los países en desarrollo. Los ensayos se presentan en los capítulos uno, dos y tres. Cada uno de estos capítulos tiene una estructura tipo artículo de investigación: introducción, antecedentes teóricos, cuestiones empíricas, resultados y conclusiones.Esta investigación está motivada por el impulso científico de comprender más sobre el funcionamiento y la dinámica de los mercados laborales en los países en desarrollo. En este sentido, Colombia ofrece una experiencia destacada para analizar. La razón es doble.Primero, la economía colombiana representa un ejemplo fiel de las reformas institucionales y los procesos de liberalización comercial que emprendieron la mayoría de los gobiernos latinoamericanos durante los años ochenta y noventa. A principios de los noventa, en particular, las autoridades políticas colombianas llevaron a cabo una serie de medidas de política económica que condujeron a un importante cambio estructural de la economía. Aunque tales medidas pueden haber afectado significativamente el mercado laboral a través de diferentes canales (demanda laboral, fijación de salarios y oferta laboral), la literatura empírica para Colombia aún es escasa y, por lo tanto, está lejos de alcanzar un consenso sobre los efectos económicos de las reformas institucionales y el proceso de liberalización comercial. Aún más inquietante es el hecho de que la sabiduría común podría haber sido determinante en las decisiones de política económica adoptadas durante la última década. En este contexto, esta tesis pretende arrojar luz sobre los efectos de los cambios institucionales y comerciales de los años noventa en la demanda laboral y los salarios.Segundo, hoy en día, Colombia es considerada una de las economías exitosas de América Latina y el Caribe. Su tasa de crecimiento económico desde 2000 ha evolucionado alrededor del 4% en promedio, la tasa de inflación se ha reducido constantemente para estabilizarse en un 3%, y la tasa de empleo informal cayó en 5 puntos porcentuales. Sin embargo, este positivo desempeño macroeconómico también se ha visto acompañado por un gran deterioro de la competitividad internacional, ya que el déficit comercial aumentó bruscamente del 0.2% del PIB en 2000 al 12.4% en 2014. Aún más, la tasa de desempleo persiste y sigue siendo obstinadamente alta, alrededor del 10%.¿Por qué esta tasa de desempleo alta y persistente? Aunque la sabiduría común ha asumido que los salarios son rígidos a la baja y que los sectores de creación de empleo, por ejemplo, la industria manufacturera, apenas se han desarrollado, en la literatura no se proporciona evidencia empírica. Esta tesis intenta llenar este vacío: primero, verificando hasta qué punto las rigideces salariales son relevantes en Colombia y, segundo, analizando la demanda de mano de obra focalizándose en la industria manufacturera.En resumen, esta disertación tiene como objetivo arrojar nueva luz sobre la evolución de dos variables relevantes del mercado laboral colombiano, los salarios reales y el empleo. En el Capítulo 1, la discusión se enfoca en comprender el sistema de fijación de salarios en Colombia y evaluar si los cambios en el marco institucional y la creciente exposición a la internacionalización han alterado la dinámica salarial. En el Capítulo 2, esta disertación pone especial atención en probar hasta qué punto las rigideces salariales son relevantes en Colombia. Se identifican sus causas y se discuten las implicaciones de política económica. Por último, el Capítulo 3 proporciona un análisis extenso de los efectos del comercio internacional sobre de la demanda laboral. En esta disertación, se dan a conocer tres hallazgos principales sobre el mercado laboral colombiano: (i) el sistema de fijación de salarios no es eficiente y las reformas institucionales y comerciales de los años noventa no dieron lugar a una transformación adecuada del sistema, una la que la remuneración de los trabajadores refleje fielmente la productividad laboral. (ii) Los salarios reales son rígidos a la baja. (iii) El empleo se ha vuelto más sensible a cambios en los salarios como resultado de la internacionalización de la economía. Desde un punto de vista de política económica, el análisis y la evaluación de estos resultados nos permiten concluir que los responsables de formular las políticas deberían prever una reforma de gran alcance del actual proceso de fijación de salarios. Esta disertación arroja luz sobre el camino a seguir.
Download or read book Three Empirical Essays on Education and Informality in the Labor Market of a Developing Country written by Paula Herrera-Idárraga and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1) Informality and Overeducation in the Labor Market of a Developing Country This chapter explores the connection between labor market segmentation in two sectors, a modern protected formal sector and a traditional- unprotected-informal sector, and overeducation in a developing country. Informality is thought to have negative consequences, primarily through poorer working conditions, lack of social security, as well as low levels of productivity throughout the economy. This chapter considers an aspect that has not been previously addressed, namely the fact that informality might also affect the way workers match their actual education with that required performing their job. Using micro-data from Colombia the relationship between overeducation and informality is tested. Empirical results suggest that, once the endogeneity of employment choice has been accounted for, formal male workers are less likely to be overeducated. Interestingly, the propensity of being overeducated among women does not seem to be closely related to the sector choice. 2) Double Penalty in Returns to Education: Informality and Educational Mismatch in the Colombian Labor Market This chapter examines the returns to education taking into consideration the existence of educational mismatches in the formal and informal employment of a developing country. Results show that the returns of surplus, required and deficit years of schooling are different in the two sectors. Moreover, they suggest that these returns vary along the wage distribution, and that the pattern of variation differs for formal and informal workers. In particular, informal workers face not only lower returns to their education, but suffer a second penalty associated with educational mismatches that puts them at a greater disadvantage compare to their formal counterparts. 3) Wage Gaps Across Colombian Regions: The Role of Education and Informality This chapter analyzes the role of education and informality on regional wage differentials. The hypothesis that is put under examination is that apart from the difference in the endowments of human capital across regions, regional heterogeneity in the incidence of informality may be another important source of regional wage inequality. The results for Colombian regions confirm marked differences in wage distributions between regions and that they differ in the endowment of human capital and more importantly in the incidence of informality. Regional heterogeneity in returns to education is especially intense in the upper part of the wage distribution. While heterogeneity in the informal pay penalty throughout the territory is more relevant in the lower part of the wage distribution.
Download or read book Alternatives To Unemployment And Underemployment written by Michael Hopkins and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-05 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The creation of jobs is critical in Third World countries where growing populations face unemployment or inadequate employment. Many have put forth theories and suggestions that address this problem, but there has been insufficient empirical analysis of the effects of specific policies on employment growth. The author examines macroeconomic theories of labour market behavior and labour force definitions and concepts, assessing how productive they are in formulating employment strategies for Colombia. The implications of a range of alternative policies for generating jobs, their effectiveness in reducing unemployment, and possible programs for the future are analyzed.
Download or read book The Labor Market in Colombia written by François Bourguignon and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Economic Anthropology written by Andres J. C. Marroquin Gramajo and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Informal Colombia written by Emiliano Isaza Villamizar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies a general equilibrium model of real cycles calibrated for the Colombian labour market. The model is based in Shimer's (2010) extended to include a dual market where formal workers and informal workers coexist. I calibrate this model with the available Colombian data in order to replicate the cyclical behaviour of this labour market.
Download or read book Three Essays on Conflict and Development in Colombia written by Nina Wald and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Development of the Colombian Labor Movement written by Miguel Urrutia Montoya and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Development Economics written by Emily Conover and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Smooth Transitional Adjustments in Emerging Markets After Liberalizing Reforms written by Nan Geng and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Law and Employment written by James J. Heckman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Law and Employment analyzes the effects of regulation and deregulation on Latin American labor markets and presents empirically grounded studies of the costs of regulation. Numerous labor regulations that were introduced or reformed in Latin America in the past thirty years have had important economic consequences. Nobel Prize-winning economist James J. Heckman and Carmen Pagés document the behavior of firms attempting to stay in business and be competitive while facing the high costs of complying with these labor laws. They challenge the prevailing view that labor market regulations affect only the distribution of labor incomes and have little or no impact on efficiency or the performance of labor markets. Using new micro-evidence, this volume shows that labor regulations reduce labor market turnover rates and flexibility, promote inequality, and discriminate against marginal workers. Along with in-depth studies of Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Jamaica, and Trinidad, Law and Employment provides comparative analysis of Latin American economies against a range of European countries and the United States. The book breaks new ground by quantifying not only the cost of regulation in Latin America, the Caribbean, and in the OECD, but also the broader impact of this regulation.
Download or read book Three Essays on Electricity Spot and Financial Derivative Prices at the Nordic Power Exchange written by Daniel Deng and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Honor of Subal Kumbhakar written by Christopher F. Parmeter and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2024-04-05 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the editor’s distinct privilege to gather this collection of papers that honors Subhal Kumbhakar’s many accomplishments, drawing further attention to the various areas of scholarship that he has touched.
Download or read book Revisiting the Informal Sector written by Sarbajit Chaudhuri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-15 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides insight into the diverse aspects of the informal sector, its role in the context of unemployment, child labor, globalization and environment, as well as its multi-faceted interaction with the other sectors of the economy.
Download or read book OECD Reviews of School Resources Colombia 2018 written by Radinger Thomas and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This country review report offers an independent analysis of major issues facing the use of school resources in Colombia from an international perspective. It provides a description of national policies, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and a proposal of possible future approaches.
