Download or read book Three Essays on Labor Supply and Education written by Ali Murat Berker and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Over education and Labor Market written by Aleksander Kucel and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ducation and the Labour Market written by Pavlina Karasiatou and published by Presses univ. de Louvain. This book was released on 2010 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education and work account for the largest period in a person's life. Furthermore, there are strong ties between education and the labour market. This thesis explores the interrelations among them and identifies gains and losses for the individual.
Download or read book Education and Asymmetric Information in the Labor Market written by Christian Holzner and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays in Education and Labor Economics written by Jordan Dmitri Matsudaira and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays in Labor Economics written by Cristóbal Huneeus and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on Examining the Relationship Between Education and Labor Market and Health Outcomes written by Jeremy Arkes and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays in Labor Economics written by Taehoon Kim and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents three essays in labor economics. Chapter 1 explores the effects of changes in the overall educational attainment of workers on wage and employment structure, exploiting a college education policy that has been implemented in Korea over the past 60 years. The Korean government determines a college enrollment quota for each year, which limits the number of college freshmen. The quota has been binding in all years. This study first estimates the causal effect of the relative supply of college workers to high school workers on the relative wage using the college enrollment quota as an exclusion restriction. It then develops and estimates a dynamic equilibrium model that explains the changes in educational attainment, wages, and employment structure simultaneously. Chapter 2 separately estimates the effects of kindergarten-entry age, age-at-test and schooling on cognitive skills using the new identification strategy. These three variables are considered to be perfectly multicollinear so that it is deemed that it is not possible to identify their effects separately. I exploit summer break as a period when age increases but schooling does not. The summer break and the variations in survey date in NLSY79-CS make it possible to resolve the multicollinearity problem. The main findings from the instrumental variable estimations are (1) kindergarten-entry age has a positive effect on math and reading scores; (2)the aging without schooling during summer break does not improve any test score; (3) schooling is the most important factor that improves the cognitive skills among the three factors. Chapter 3 investigates pecuniary and non-pecuniary returns to education exploiting regional variations in college attendance rate induced by the College Enrollment Quota Policy in Korea. The Korean government regulates the maximum number of college freshmen that each college can select for each year. This study employs the ratio of college enrollment quota to the number of 12th graders in the province of residence as an instrument for the years of education. The IV estimates show that an additional year of education increases hourly wage by 10.8-13.6 percent by specification. Education also increases fringe benefits, job satisfaction and life satisfaction.
Download or read book Three Essays in Labor Economics written by Shiv K. Saini and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Labor Supply written by Martino Tasso and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: My dissertation consists of three applied studies in the area of public finance and labor economics. In the first chapter, "The effect of financial aid and tax policies on educational choices", I build and estimate a structural dynamic life-cycle model of education choices, labor force participation, and saving decisions by young men in the United States. The model is estimated with the method of simulated moments using a longitudinal sample of white, black, and Hispanic young men from the 1997 panel of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The model incorporates unobservable abilities, tuition costs, and the main features of the U.S. federal income tax. In particular, it takes into account the structure of the Lifetime Learning Tax Credit. I use the estimated model to simulate the impact of a number of education policy changes. I find a sizeable effect on college enrollment from a general tuition reduction as well as a large increase in graduate school attendance from making the Lifetime Learning Tax Credit refundable. In the second chapter, "Aggregate wage dynamics and labor supply: an application to the U.S.", I estimate labor supply elasticities using the change in the return to skills over time as a source of exogenous variation in gross wages. The last few decades have seen a tremendous amount of change in the U.S. labor market: female labor force participation rates have risen, while the wage premium for college education and wage inequality have increased because of an higher demand for skilled labor. The number of hours worked is found to react weakly to changes in the offered wage. In the third chapter, "Labor supply effects of tax-based income-support mechanisms", I build and estimate a static discrete choice model of labor supply for single women in the United States. It incorporates the main features of the federal income tax. I estimate the model using cross-sectional data, and I use it to simulate hypothetical reforms to the tax and benefit system, which is found to have a large effect on the labor force participation decision of single individuals.
Download or read book Three Essays in Labor Economics and Economics of Aging written by Olena Nizalova and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays in Labor Economics written by Patricia K. Tong and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three separate papers studying policy relevant questions in labor economics. The goal of these studies is to understand the welfare effects from various government regulation and programs. Chapter 1 investigates how child support income affects household resources for single mothers with at least some college education. I determine that child support income promotes single mother financial independence by reducing welfare participation, decreasing cohabitation rates, and increase labor supply. Chapter 2 examines how a change in minimum nurse staffing regulation affects nurse employment and patient mortality in California nursing homes. My results show that regulation induced increases in nurse staffing cause patient mortality to fall by 4.6%. Chapter 3 determines whether child support enforcement reform coming from the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 has an impact on rates of single motherhood in the United States. I find that child support enforcement reform causes the likelihood of being a single mother to increase among women with 12 or less years of education.
Download or read book Three Essays on the Labor Market and Education in Brazil written by Fernando Balbino Botelho and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Aspects of Education written by William G. Bowen and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on the Labor Market written by Varun Kharbanda and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marginal returns are estimated to test the nonconcavity of the functional form under both exogenous and endogenous schooling assumptions. My results show that the marginal rate of return declines during primary education and increases until high school, followed by stable returns for college and higher studies. However, the test of robustness of the functional form based on uniform confidence bands fails to reject the presence of nonconcavity in returns to education for India. This lends support to the claim of Mookherjee and Ray (2010).
Download or read book Essays in Labor and Education Economics written by Alexander Lars Philip Willén and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays, each using advanced empirical methods to address important questions within the fields of labor and education economics. In Chapter 1, I exploit a Swedish reform that eliminated the fixed national pay scale for teachers to present novel evidence on the labor market effects of wage decentralization. Identification of the causal effect of the reform is achieved by using differences in non-teacher wages across local labor markets prior to the reform as a measure of treatment intensity in a dose-response difference-in-difference framework. I find that decentralization induces large changes in teacher pay, and that these changes are entirely financed through a reallocation of existing education resources. The magnitude of the wage effect is negatively related to teacher age, such that the reform led to a disproportionate increase in entry wage and a flattening of the age-wage relationship. Contrary to the predictions of the Roy model, decentralization does not impact teacher composition or student outcomes. I show that a main reason for this relates to general equilibrium and wage spillover effects to substitute occupations. In Chapter 2, which is joint work with Anders Böhlmark, we examine how ethnic residential segregation affects long-term outcomes of immigrants and natives. The key challenge with identifying neighborhood effects is that individuals sort across regions for reasons that are unobserved by the researcher but relevant as determinants of individual outcomes. Such nonrandom selection leads to invalid inference in correlational studies since individuals in neighborhoods with different population compositions are not comparable even after adjusting for differences in observable characteristics. To overcome this issue, we borrow theoretical insight from the one-sided tipping point model used by Card, Mas and Rothstein (2008). This model predicts that residential segregation can arise due to social interactions in white preferences: once the minority share in a neighborhood passes a certain “tipping point,” the neighborhood will be subject to white flight and avoidance, causing a discontinuity in white population growth. After having found evidence for the tipping phenomenon in Sweden, we use the tipping threshold as a source of exogenous variation in population composition to provide new evidence on the effect of neighborhood segregation on individual outcomes. We find negative effects on the educational attainment of native children. These effects are temporary and do not carry over to the labor market. We show that these transitory education effects are isolated to natives who leave tipped areas, suggesting that they may be driven by short-term disruptions caused by moving. In Chapter 3, which is joint work with Michael Lovenheim, we analyze the effect of teacher collective bargaining laws on long-run labor market and educational attainment outcomes, exploiting the timing of passage of duty-to-bargain (DTB) laws across cohorts within states and across states over time. We find robust evidence that exposure to teacher DTB laws worsens the future labor market outcomes of men: in the first 10 years after passage of a DTB law, male earnings decline by $1,974 (or 3.64%) per year and h.
Download or read book Essays on Education and Labor Supply written by Maria Antonia Vidal Fernández and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This dissertation evaluates policy-relevant issues in labor and education in developed and developing countries.The first chapter analyzes the effects on high school graduation and other academic outcomes of academic requirements for participation in high school athletics. I use a simple conceptual framework to illustrate the possible effects of the requirement and derive testable predictions. Then, I combine data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) with data on the rules to test the model's predictions. I find that requiring athletes to pass one additional course increased the overall likelihood of graduation among boys by two percentage points but did not affect female students, who at the time had limited access to interscholastic competition. The second chapter (with Josefina Posadas) examines the role of grandparents' child-care provision on mothers' labor market participation. Using the NLSY79 and data from eleven European countries (SHARE), we find significant differences in characteristics of families who rely on this form of child care. Both ordinary least squares and instrumental variables estimates show that the availability of grandparents' care is linked to an increase in the probability of female labor force participation. The third chapter (with Xavier Gine and Monica Martinez-Bravo) studies the labor supply of Indian boat-owners. It uses daily data on labor force participation and the value of catches to test whether the response of labor supply to increases in wages and income is better explained by the conventional framework of inter-temporal substitution or by reference-dependent preferences. This chapter shows that boat-owners' labor participation depends not only on their expected earnings, but also on their recent earnings, supporting income-reference-dependent preferences models. However, the response to changes in recent income is small relative to the response to changes in expected earnings. Furthermore, the results imply that short-term labor supply models should include recent earnings conditional and recent effort as control variables. Since recent earnings are positively correlated with expected earnings and negatively related to the probability of participation, omitting this variable yields downward-biased elasticity estimates.
