Download or read book Three Essays on Global Climate Policy Environmental R D Mergers and Corporate Social Responsibility written by Chenyu Wang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1: The Role of Technological Innovation in Global Climate Policy: In the first chapter, we build a dynamic model of the global economy and climate with three endogenous knowledge stocks. We confirm that the contribution of induced R&D in global climate change is shown to be very sensitive to the elasticity of substitution between energy and other factors of production. Since growth patterns of all types of research depend on whether inputs are gross complements or gross substitutes. Second, the duplication externality. Induced R&D generates a lower abatement cost reduction if we externalize duplication in the business as usual scenario. We exclude duplication in the business as usual scenario since a research institute is based on their contract to do their research. As long as they generate research outputs they would receive payments, they recognize the duplication but they think they will get paid for producing it whether their outputs have been duplicated or not. In reality, agents use too much R&D in the business as usual scenario because they do not take into account the duplication externality. Thus, when the social planner does the optimal scenario, the additional benefits of R&D may not be very much at all. Third, the initial level of research expenditure. Higher initial levels of energy related R&D shares would create a market size effect, leading to an increased contribution of induced R&D. Gerlagh (2008) uses much higher initial energy related shares whereas our research's estimates are much lower, we find this difference would affect the size of the effects of the induced R&D. Fourth, the inter-firm knowledge spillovers. Firms are not successful in capturing all the benefits they create, as many benefits flow out into other firms free of charge. These benefits are called inter-firm knowledge spillovers. Fifth, first-best and second-best policies. The first-best policy fully internalizes the inter-firm knowledge spillovers, which leads to increases in the levels of all types of research whereas the second-best policy does not internalize it, which leads to induced changes in research resulting from the carbon tax affecting pre-existing market distortions. Sixth, a research dividend effect and tax burden effect. The tax may induce an increase in research expenditure, which would increase the welfare and consumption levels. Finally, the results demonstrated that induced R&D has a limited role on the abatement cost reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, overall. Chapter 2: Environmental Policy, Mergers and Environmental R&D with Spillovers: Our research topic is "Environmental Policy, Mergers and Environmental R&D with Spillovers". This project lies at the frontier between environmental economics and industrial organization. We use a duopoly setting of a three-stage game; in the first stage, the government chooses an emission tax and aims for maximizing welfare; in the second stage, firms use R&D to reduce their emissions; in the last stage, firms compete a la Cournot with differentiated products. We focus on two policy regimes and three scenarios, namely regimes of competition and merger and scenarios of commitment, non-commitment, and exogenous tax. The study focuses on two major questions: (1) what is the effect of merger on R&D, and the effect of commitment on R&D? (2) what is the effect of merger and commitment on the economy? Results are obtained through numerical simulations of the model. We find that: (i) Merger has a positive effect on R&D under non-commitment and the exogenous tax scenarios. (ii) Under commitment, if goods are imperfect substitutes or homogenous, merger has a negative effect on R if goods are complements or independent, merger has a positive effect on R&D. (iii) For any types of goods under any regime, commitment has a negative effect on R&D. Chapter 3: Monopoly with Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental R&D: Our research topic is the effect of the monopolist with corporate social responsibility in the presence of environmental R&D. This project lies at the frontier between environmental economics and industrial organization. We model a monopolist with corporate social responsibility setting in a three-stage game; in the first stage, the regulator determines the emission tax to maximize welfare; in the second stage, the monopolist determines R&D to maximize its objective function; in the third stage, the monopolist determines outputs to maximize its objective function. The study focuses on one major question: under the structure of monopoly with corporate social responsibility, if we change the parameters of R&D technology parameter, the degree of social responsibility, and product differentiation, what are the effects on profit, R&D, environmental damage, consumer surplus, and welfare? We find that: (1) increasing R&D technology parameter enhances welfare in terms of higher consumer surplus and lower damage, while also leading to increases in R&D and decreases in profit; (2) increasing the degree of social responsibility increases R&D and welfare in terms of higher consumer surplus and profit, but also increases the damage; and (3) increasing product differentiation increases profit, R&D, and welfare; it also increases the damage but decreases consumer surplus.

Download or read book Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Restructuring and Firm s Performance written by Liangrong Zu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today’s globalized and competitive business environment, companies increasingly look to restructuring, mergers & acquisitions and downsizing to survive, grow and maximize profits. However, when they are not managed in a socially responsible manner, restructurings may exert the negative impact on employees, shareholders, communities, and society as a whole. The book empirically explores the phenomena of corporate social responsibility (CSR), restructuring, and relationships with firms’ performance in China. It gives an insight into how Chinese firms respond to expectations of stakeholders by making social goals a part of their overall business operations. It also gives a fresh view of the new concept of socially responsible restructuring. For those seeking to promote socially responsible practices in restructuring, the book provides a unique and stimulating analysis and touchstone.

Download or read book Psychology and Climate Change written by Susan Clayton and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychology and Climate Change: Human Perceptions, Impacts, and Responses organizes and summarizes recent psychological research that relates to the issue of climate change. The book covers topics such as how people perceive and respond to climate change, how people understand and communicate about the issue, how it impacts individuals and communities, particularly vulnerable communities, and how individuals and communities can best prepare for and mitigate negative climate change impacts. It addresses the topic at multiple scales, from individuals to close social networks and communities. Further, it considers the role of social diversity in shaping vulnerability and reactions to climate change. Psychology and Climate Change describes the implications of psychological processes such as perceptions and motivations (e.g., risk perception, motivated cognition, denial), emotional responses, group identities, mental health and well-being, sense of place, and behavior (mitigation and adaptation). The book strives to engage diverse stakeholders, from multiple disciplines in addition to psychology, and at every level of decision making - individual, community, national, and international, to understand the ways in which human capabilities and tendencies can and should shape policy and action to address the urgent and very real issue of climate change. Examines the role of knowledge, norms, experience, and social context in climate change awareness and action Considers the role of identity threat, identity-based motivation, and belonging Presents a conceptual framework for classifying individual and household behavior Develops a model to explain environmentally sustainable behavior Draws on what we know about participation in collective action Describes ways to improve the effectiveness of climate change communication efforts Discusses the difference between acute climate change events and slowly-emerging changes on our mental health Addresses psychological stress and injury related to global climate change from an intersectional justice perspective Promotes individual and community resilience

Download or read book Bilingual NET JRF Commerce Previous Year Papers 2011 Onwards written by Mocktime Publication and published by by Mocktime Publication. This book was released on with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UGC NTA NET JRF Commerce Previous Year Papers 2011 Onwards Table of Contents 1. UGC NTA NET EXAM DECEMBER -2018 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 2. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JULY-2018 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 3. UGC CBSE NET EXAM NOVEMBER-2017 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 4. UGC CBSE NET EXAM NOVEMBER-2017 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 5. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JANUARY-2017 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 6. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JANUARY-2017 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 7. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JULY-2016 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 8. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JULY-2016 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 9. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2015 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 10. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2015 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 11. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JUNE-2015 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 12. UGC CBSE NET EXAM JUNE-2015 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 13. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2014 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 14. UGC CBSE NET EXAM DECEMBER -2014 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 15. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2014 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 16. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2014 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 17. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2013 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 18. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2013 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 19. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2013 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 20. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2013 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 21. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2012 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 22. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2012 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 23. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2012 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 24. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2012 COMMERCE - III SOLVED PAPER 25. UGC NET EXAM DECEMBER -2011 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER 26. UGC NET EXAM JUNE-2011 COMMERCE - II SOLVED PAPER UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION NET BUREAU NET SYLLABUS Subject: Commerce Code No. : 08 Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing Unit 3: Business Economics Unit 4: Business Finance Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions Unit 8: Marketing Management Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business  Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment- Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)  Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes of entry into international business  Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy  Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy  Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP  Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA  International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD  World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing  Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates  Partnership Accounts: Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of partnership firms  Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies  Holding company accounts  Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and JIT  Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis  Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting  Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS  Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit  Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; Systems audit; Safety audit Unit 3: Business Economics  Meaning and scope of business economics  Objectives of business firms  Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; Relationship between AR and MR  Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis  Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale  Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves  Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination  Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing Unit 4: Business Finance  Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing  Cost of capital and time value of money  Capital structure  Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis  Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and policies  Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization  International monetary system  Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques  International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs  International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods  Measures of central tendency  Measures of dispersion  Measures of skewness  Correlation and regression of two variables  Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem  Probability distributions: Binomial, poisson and normal distributions  Research: Concept and types; Research designs  Data: Collection and classification of data  Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling - probability and non-probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation  Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi–square test; Mann-Whitney test (U-test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test  Report writing Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management  Principles and functions of management  Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; Span of control  Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization  Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories  Corporate governance and business ethics  Human resource management: Concept, role and functions of HRM; Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning  Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits  Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal  Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management  Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics; Conflict and negotiation; Stress management  Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions  Overview of Indian financial system  Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; Cooperative banks  Reserve Bank of India: Functions; Role and monetary policy management  Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management  Financial markets: Money market; Capital market; Government securities market  Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds  Financial Regulators in India  Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion  Digitisation of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking; Digital payments systems  Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory framework of insurance- IRDA and its role Unit 8: Marketing Management  Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning  Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle; New product development  Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies  Promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods - Advertising; Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; Promotion mix  Distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; Channel management  Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions  Service marketing  Trends in marketing: Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct marketing; Rural marketing; CRM  Logistics management Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business  Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi contracts;  Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; Contracts of agency  Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer  Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments  The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation; Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company  Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India  The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions  The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cyber crimes and penalties  The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions  Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) : Patents, trademarks and copyrights; Emerging issues in intellectual property  Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST; Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning  Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes; Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes  International Taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing  Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax avoidance versus tax evasion; Techniques of corporate tax planning; Tax considerations in specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; Own or lease an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down or continue operations  Deduction and collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income-tax returns

Download or read book Shareholder Primacy and Global Business written by Lela Mélon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-13 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of growing public interest in sustainability, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has not brought about the expected improvement in terms of sustainable business. Self-regulation has been unable to provide appropriate answers for unsustainable business frameworks, despite empirical proof that sustainable behaviour is entirely in corporate enlightened self-interest. The lack of success of the soft law approach suggests that hard law regulation may be needed after all. This book discusses these options, alongside the issue of shareholder primacy and its externalities in corporate, social, and natural environment. To escape the "prisoner’s dilemma" European corporations and their global counterparts have found themselves in, help is needed in the form of EU hard law to advocate sustainability through mandatory rules. This book argues that the necessity of these laws is based on the first-mover’s advantage of such corporate law approach towards sustainable development. In the current EU law environment, where codification of corporate law is sought for, forming and defining a general EU policy could not only help corporations embrace this self-enlightened behaviour but could also build the necessary "EU corporate citizenship" atmosphere. Considering the developments in the field of CSR as attempts to mitigate negative externalities resulting from inappropriate shareholder primacy use, the book is centred around a discussion of the shareholder primacy paradigm, its legal position and its (un)suitability for modern global business. Going beyond solely legal analysis, juxtaposing legal principles and argumentation with economic theoretic approaches and, more importantly, real-life examples, this book is accessible to both professionals and academics working within the fields of business, economics, corporate governance and corporate law.

Download or read book Nourished Planet written by Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2018-06-28 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nourished Planet illustrates what our global food system can be - a collection of the smartest ideas to nourish us all. From urban farmers in Kenya to American doctors to government officials in Egypt, its voices demonstrate how diverse perspectives are coming together to feed the world sustainably.--back cover.

Download or read book Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Business A Guide to Their Leadership Tasks and Functions written by Alessia D'Amato and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transformation Towards Sustainability written by Peter Letmathe and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Subject Index to Current Literature written by Australian Public Affairs Information Service and published by National Library Australia. This book was released on with total page 1030 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Competition Law Climate Change Environmental Sustainability written by Simon Holmes and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The consensus is clear - climate change is the defining challenge of our time. Meeting this challenge requires a collaborative and inclusive response from all segments of society - including private businesses. What role then for competition law and policy? This important and timely book gathers academics, enforcers, economists, lawyers, and industry representatives to explore the applications and limitations of EU competition law in achieving environmental sustainability aims in line with the European Commission's Green Deal as well as the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. They identify the challenges of integrating environmental considerations into competition analysis presented by the existing framework, whether through cooperation by businesses, practices by dominant companies, or consideration of sustainability efficiencies in merger assessments. Practical examples across various sectors are also provided, alongside agency views from different jurisdictions, to illustrate how competition policy can facilitate a sustainable economy.

Download or read book ESG and Responsible Institutional Investing Around the World A Critical Review written by Pedro Matos and published by CFA Institute Research Foundation. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This survey examines the vibrant academic literature on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing. While there is no consensus on the exact list of ESG issues, responsible investors increasingly assess stocks in their portfolios based on nonfinancial data on environmental impact (e.g., carbon emissions), social impact (e.g., employee satisfaction), and governance attributes (e.g., board structure). The objective is to reduce exposure to investments that pose greater ESG risks or to influence companies to become more sustainable. One active area of research at present involves assessing portfolio risk exposure to climate change. This literature review focuses on institutional investors, which have grown in importance such that they have now become the largest holders of shares in public companies globally. Historically, institutional investors tended to concentrate their ESG efforts mostly on corporate governance (the “G” in ESG). These efforts included seeking to eliminate provisions that restrict shareholder rights and enhance managerial power, such as staggered boards, supermajority rules, golden parachutes, and poison pills. Highlights from this section: · There is no consensus on the exact list of ESG issues and their materiality. · The ESG issue that gets the most attention from institutional investors is climate change, in particular their portfolio companies’ exposure to carbon risk and “stranded assets.” · Investors should be positioning themselves for increased regulation, with the regulatory agenda being more ambitious in the European Union than in the United States. Readers might come away from this survey skeptical about the potential for ESG investing to affect positive change. I prefer to characterize the current state of the literature as having a “healthy dose of skepticism,” with much more remaining to be explored. Here, I hope the reader comes away with a call to action. For the industry practitioner, I believe that the investment industry should strive to achieve positive societal goals. CFA Institute provides an exemplary case in its Future of Finance series (www.cfainstitute.org/research/future-finance). For the academic community, I suggest we ramp up research aimed at tackling some of the open questions around the pressing societal goals of ESG investing. I am optimistic that practitioners and academics will identify meaningful ways to better harness the power of global financial markets for addressing the pressing ESG issues facing our society.

Download or read book Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States written by Julie Koppel Maldonado and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-04-05 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a long history and deep connection to the Earth’s resources, indigenous peoples have an intimate understanding and ability to observe the impacts linked to climate change. Traditional ecological knowledge and tribal experience play a key role in developing future scientific solutions for adaptation to the impacts. The book explores climate-related issues for indigenous communities in the United States, including loss of traditional knowledge, forests and ecosystems, food security and traditional foods, as well as water, Arctic sea ice loss, permafrost thaw and relocation. The book also highlights how tribal communities and programs are responding to the changing environments. Fifty authors from tribal communities, academia, government agencies and NGOs contributed to the book. Previously published in Climatic Change, Volume 120, Issue 3, 2013.

Download or read book Organizational Change for Corporate Sustainability written by Dexter Colboyd Dunphy and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using specific examples of incremental and transformational changes, and outlining the long-term corporate benefits of sustainability, the book examines the changes required to achieve true sustainability.

Download or read book Fiscal Policies for Development and Climate Action written by Miria A. Pigato and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides actionable advice on how to design and implement fiscal policies for both development and climate action. Building on more than two decades of research in development and environmental economics, it argues that well-designed environmental tax reforms are especially valuable in developing countries, where they can reduce emissions, increase domestic revenues, and generate positive welfare effects such as cleaner water, safer roads, and improvements in human health. Moreover, these reforms need not harm competitiveness. New empirical evidence from Indonesia and Mexico suggests that under certain conditions, raising fuel prices can actually increase firm productivity. Finally, the report discusses the role of fiscal policy in strengthening resilience to climate change. It provides evidence that preventive public investments and measures to build fiscal buffers can help safeguard stability and growth in the face of rising climate risks. In this way, environmental tax reforms and climate risk-management strategies can lay the much-needed fiscal foundation for development and climate action.

Download or read book NET JRF Vanijya Commerce in Hindi Previous Year Papers 2011 Onwards written by Mocktime Publication and published by by Mocktime Publication. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UGC NTA NET JRF Commerce Previous Year Papers 2011 Onwards Table of Contents 1. UGC NTA NET परीक्षा दिसम्बर-2018 कॉमर्स द्वितीय प्रश्न पत्र 2. UGC CBSE NET परीक्षा जुलाई-2018 कॉमर्स द्वितीय प्रश्न पत्र 3. UGC CBSE NET परीक्षा नवम्बर-2017 कॉमर्स द्वितीय प्रश्न पत्र 4. UGC CBSE NET परीक्षा नवम्बर-2017 कॉमर्स तृतीय प्रश्न पत्र 5. UGC CBSE NET परीक्षा जनवरी-2017 कॉमर्स द्वितीय प्रश्न पत्र 6. UGC CBSE NET परीक्षा जनवरी-2017 कॉमर्स तृतीय प्रश्न पत्र 7. UGC CBSE NET परीक्षा जुलाई-2016 कॉमर्स द्वितीय प्रश्न पत्र 8. UGC CBSE NET परीक्षा जुलाई-2016 कॉमर्स तृतीय प्रश्न पत्र 9. UGC CBSE NET परीक्षा दिसम्बर-2015 कॉमर्स द्वितीय प्रश्न पत्र 10. UGC CBSE NET परीक्षा दिसम्बर-2015 कॉमर्स तृतीय प्रश्न पत्र 11. UGC CBSE NET परीक्षा जून-2015 कॉमर्स द्वितीय प्रश्न पत्र 12. UGC CBSE NET परीक्षा जून-2015 कॉमर्स तृतीय प्रश्न पत्र 13. UGC CBSE NET परीक्षा दिसम्बर-2014 कॉमर्स द्वितीय प्रश्न पत्र 14. UGC CBSE NET परीक्षा दिसम्बर-2014 कॉमर्स तृतीय प्रश्न पत्र 15. UGC NET परीक्षा जून-2014 कॉमर्स द्वितीय प्रश्न पत्र 16. UGC NET परीक्षा जून-2014 कॉमर्स तृतीय प्रश्न पत्र 17. UGC NET परीक्षा दिसम्बर-2013 कॉमर्स द्वितीय प्रश्न पत्र 18. UGC NET परीक्षा दिसम्बर-2013 कॉमर्स तृतीय प्रश्न पत्र 19. UGC NET परीक्षा जून-2013 कॉमर्स द्वितीय प्रश्न पत्र 20. UGC NET परीक्षा जून-2013 कॉमर्स तृतीय प्रश्न पत्र 21. UGC NET परीक्षा दिसम्बर-2012 कॉमर्स द्वितीय प्रश्न पत्र 22. UGC NET परीक्षा दिसम्बर-2012 कॉमर्स तृतीय प्रश्न पत्र 23. UGC NET परीक्षा जून-2012 कॉमर्स द्वितीय प्रश्न पत्र 24. UGC NET परीक्षा जून-2012 कॉमर्स तृतीय प्रश्न पत्र 25. UGC NET परीक्षा दिसम्बर-2011 कॉमर्स द्वितीय प्रश्न पत्र 26. UGC NET परीक्षा जून-2011 कॉमर्स द्वितीय प्रश्न पत्र UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION NET BUREAU NET SYLLABUS Subject: Commerce Code No. : 08 Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing Unit 3: Business Economics Unit 4: Business Finance Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions Unit 8: Marketing Management Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business  Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment- Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act, FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)  Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes of entry into international business  Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff and non-tariff barriers; India’s foreign trade policy  Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of FDI, Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI; India’s FDI policy  Balance of payments (BOP): Importance and components of BOP  Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade creation and diversion effects; Regional Trade Agreements: European Union (EU), ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA  International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD  World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture Agreement; GATS; TRIPS; TRIMS Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing  Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates  Partnership Accounts: Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of partnership firms  Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies  Holding company accounts  Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis; Standard costing; Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC); Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and JIT  Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow analysis  Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting  Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS  Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit  Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit; Systems audit; Safety audit Unit 3: Business Economics  Meaning and scope of business economics  Objectives of business firms  Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement; Relationship between AR and MR  Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis  Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale  Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves  Price determination under different market forms: Perfect competition; Monopolistic competition; Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination  Pricing strategies: Price skimming; Price penetration; Peak load pricing Unit 4: Business Finance  Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing  Cost of capital and time value of money  Capital structure  Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital budgeting analysis  Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and policies  Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization  International monetary system  Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques  International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs  International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods  Measures of central tendency  Measures of dispersion  Measures of skewness  Correlation and regression of two variables  Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes’ theorem  Probability distributions: Binomial, poisson and normal distributions  Research: Concept and types; Research designs  Data: Collection and classification of data  Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling - probability and non-probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard error; Statistical estimation  Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi–square test; Mann-Whitney test (U-test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test  Report writing Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management  Principles and functions of management  Organization structure: Formal and informal organizations; Span of control  Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority and decentralization  Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories  Corporate governance and business ethics  Human resource management: Concept, role and functions of HRM; Human resource planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and development; Succession planning  Compensation management: Job evaluation; Incentives and fringe benefits  Performance appraisal including 360 degree performance appraisal  Collective bargaining and workers’ participation in management  Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions; Group dynamics; Power and politics; Conflict and negotiation; Stress management  Organizational Culture: Organizational development and organizational change Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions  Overview of Indian financial system  Types of banks: Commercial banks; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign banks; Cooperative banks  Reserve Bank of India: Functions; Role and monetary policy management  Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; Risk management; NPA management  Financial markets: Money market; Capital market; Government securities market  Financial Institutions: Development Finance Institutions (DFIs); Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs); Mutual Funds; Pension Funds  Financial Regulators in India  Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion  Digitisation of banking and other financial services: Internet banking; mobile banking; Digital payments systems  Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life insurance; Risk classification and management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk; Re-insurance; Regulatory framework of insurance- IRDA and its role Unit 8: Marketing Management  Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels; Marketing mix; Strategic marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning  Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions; Product life cycle; New product development  Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing policies and strategies  Promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing; Promotion methods - Advertising; Personal selling; Publicity; Sales promotion tools and techniques; Promotion mix  Distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; Channel management  Consumer Behaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influencing consumer buying decisions  Service marketing  Trends in marketing: Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Direct marketing; Rural marketing; CRM  Logistics management Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business  Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi contracts;  Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; Contracts of agency  Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer  Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments  The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation; Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company  Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India  The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions  The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cyber crimes and penalties  The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions  Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) : Patents, trademarks and copyrights; Emerging issues in intellectual property  Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST; Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning  Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes; Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes  International Taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing  Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax avoidance versus tax evasion; Techniques of corporate tax planning; Tax considerations in specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; Own or lease an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down or continue operations  Deduction and collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income-tax returns

Download or read book Corporate Social Responsibility written by Subhabrata Bobby Banerjee and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has many merits. It will make fascinating reading for the increasing number of organizational scholars who wonder how organizational research can engage more in accounting for the impact of corporations on their environment in a broad sense. Bahar Ali Kazmi, Bernard Leca and Philippe Naccache, Organization Studies This book is for those who will enjoy a thoughtful and informative monograph that acutely summarises and refreshes critique from a political and sociological perspective. It is a comprehensive re-interpretation of the corporate world and the evidently meretricious regime of CSR which makes it an enjoyable compendium for critical management studies fans . . this erudite volume will be valuable to mainstream, social science academics either involved in (or dismissive of) CSR and sustainability discourses in management education and research. David Bevan, Scandinavian Journal of Management Banerjee s book is thought provoking and must be read. But it should be read not only by corporate social responsibility scholars but by all business scholars. It is through Banerjee s provocations that we can understand the shortcomings of corporate systems and the boundaries of corporate social responsibility. Pratima Bansal, Administrative Science Quarterly This is a tour de force that carefully assembles and incisively interrogates perhaps the most pressing problem of our age: how to harness the resources of corporations to tackle global problems of poverty, oppression and environmental degradation? Banerjee does not present us with glib pronouncements or simplistic fixes. Instead, he brilliantly illuminates the scale of the challenges and lucidly assesses the relevance and value of CSR responses to date. Hugh Willmott, University of Cardiff, UK Bobby Banerjee takes on the popular mythologies of neo-liberal corporate social responsibility with enviable flair and a thoroughness of scholarship that will dismay its apologists. His critique extends from the origins of the modern corporation and its well-known abuses and excesses to far harder targets the more attractive alternatives that have been developed for theory and practice that, as Banerjee shows brilliantly, only serve to mask continuing neo-colonial abuses. Banerjee is not content simply to expose the impossibilities of doing good works whilst maximizing shareholder value, the win-win view of CSR, but he bites the bullet with some uncompromising but realistic proposals for the future reconstruction of CSR both as a field of study and as a business practice. We have needed this exposure of the bad and the ugly for a long time. The current versions of CSR are simply just not good enough. Stephen Linstead, University of York, UK Banerjee pulls the beguiling mask off corporate social responsibility. Taking the vantage point of the world s poor, he shows CSR to be a cruel hoax corporations cynical effort to undermine growing demands for economic and environmental justice. Paul S. Adler, University of Southern California, US This book problematizes the win-win assumption underlying discourses of CSR and suggests that it is a rhetoric that is invariably subordinated to that of corporate rationality. Rather than see CSR as providing the means to transform corporations by advocating a stakeholder view of the firm it argues that CSR represents an ideological movement designed to consolidate the power of transnational corporations and provide a veneer of liberality to the illiberal economic agenda of the major global institutions. Stewart Clegg, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia Professor Banerjee offers us a refreshing analysis of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in an otherwise comparatively turgid literary landscape. People may disagree with his criticism that because of its preoccupation with shareholder value, the corporation is an inappropriate agent for social change but it is backed up by strong theoretical and substantive empirical

Download or read book Sustainability written by David M. Wasieleski and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2020-06-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume Four focuses on research drawn from work grounded in “Sustainability.” Scholars known in this discipline contribute to a 360-degree evaluation of the theory, including cross-discipline research, empirical explorations, cross-cultural studies, literature critiques, and meta-analysis projects.