Download or read book Three Essays on Agricultural Industries written by Danielle A. P. Torres and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Agricultural Marketing in Developing Countries written by Aya Suzuki and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Chinese Farm Economy written by John Lossing Buck and published by Dissertations-G. This book was released on 1980 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays Concerning Agriculture and Energy written by Mindy Lyn Baker and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Indian Agricultural Growth in the Post Green Revolution Period written by Mandar Prabhatkumar Jayawant and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Agricultural Marketing written by Kenneth Roger Weiss and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cattle Contracts and Grocery Retailers written by Tian Xia and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Growth Complementarity Between Agriculture and Industry in Developing Countries written by Joao Paulo De Souza and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines three aspects of the macroeconomic role of agriculture in the industrialization of developing countries. In the first essay, I utilize instrumental variable techniques to empirically identify the effect of growth in agriculture on growth in manufacturing. Using data for 62 countries and instrumental variable techniques, I find that higher land yields in agriculture raise growth in manufacturing in the short to medium run. Along with extensions of the basic empirical model, this finding suggests that land-saving technical change can stimulate demand for industrial goods, raise fiscal revenues, and provide foreign exchange earnings to finance capital accumulation. In the second essay, I examine the role of biased-technical change in agriculture in the formation of aggregate demand for industry. I use a two-sector growth model to show that, under conditions of low factor substitutability and hidden unemployment, land-saving innovations can raise rural employment, enlarge the domestic market for manufactures, and promote faster industrial accumulation --- in contrast to labor-saving innovations. I also develop saving-constrained and open economy extensions of the baseline model. The essay casts light on a recent strand of empirical studies --- including the first essay of this dissertation --- which have identified a positive impact of higher land yields on industrial growth. Finally, in the third essay I develop a political-economic explanation for the labor-displacing trend that existed across the larger and most dynamic agricultural establishments in Brazil during the 1950-1980 period. Using primary data and the secondary literature, I document this trend and argue that it resulted from the interaction between public policies to promote the use of modern inputs, on the one hand, and size and power inequality across landholdings, on the other hand. As a result, the pattern of technical change in agriculture aggravated the problem of underemployment that beset Brazil's industrialization, preventing a broader distribution of its benefits.

Download or read book Three Essays on Natural Resource Economics Agricultural Policy and Food Policy written by Xiangrui Wang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three independent papers in the field of Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics. The first paper is related to consumer-side water conservation policies. My coauthor and I introduce a structural water demand model based on the assumption that consumers are inattentive and apply a behavioral decision rule in water consumption. We found our model can capture our sample consumers behavior well, suggesting water conservation policies should incorporate non-price instrument to prod consumers for water saving. The second paper relates to the industrial organization and antitrust in the US beer market. My coauthor and I found that in a recent beer merger case, the justice department's divestiture requirement (a popular structural merger remedy tool) may not be effective in prevent merger brands' price from raising, at least in the short-run after the merger. This paper suggests that divestiture may fail as a merger remedy due to its certain idiosyncratic details. The third paper investigates the impact of corn production in US Midwest states on the US Reformulated Gasoline Program. We found that the US Reformulated Gasoline Program caused massive corn production in the Midwest, and the pollution from nitrogen-based fertilizer usage in agriculture reversely affect the efficacy of the Reformulated Gasoline Program, aiming to improve air quality.

Download or read book Three Essays on Trade Liberalization and Korean Agriculture written by Chun Kwon Yoo and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) in 1994, global competition in Korean agricultural markets has significantly increased. The objective of this dissertation is to identify the effects of trade liberalization on productivity and pricing in the Korean rice market (Essay 1 and 2) and on the entire agricultural sector (Essay 3). Rice is the major agricultural commodity in Korean agriculture with Rice Processing Complexes (RPC), i.e. agricultural cooperatives, playing a major role in the rice processing industry. Essays 1 and 2 examine RPCs adjustment to the increasingly competitive market environment. The first essay draws on the emerging heterogeneous-firms trade model to test the hypothesis that trade liberalization forces least productivity firms to exit (extensive margin) and encourages reallocation of resources and market share to high productivity firms (intensive margin) within an industry. The above churning results in an increase in the average productivity of the industry. Results from using plant-level RPC data from 2002-2008 to test the above hypothesis show that international competition via increases in rice import (Minimum Market Access) has the largest effect on RPCs' productivity. In particular, greater competition shifts the left tail of the productivity distribution to the right, increasing the median productivity of the Korean rice processing industry. Thus, the above findings suggest that RPCs, often considered to be quasi-public firms shielded from competition, face significant adjustment following trade liberalization. Economic theory suggests that a key input, i.e. raw product that farmer-members deliver, is treated as given in marketing cooperatives' optimization, unlike in the case of profit maximizing firms. Thus, only if cooperatives minimize the cost of conventional inputs (labor and capital) cost and additionally, set the price of the raw product optimally, their production is efficient. Essay 2 examines RPCs' pricing efficiency, based on the above theory, by incorporating farmers' supply function of raw product (rice) into hypothesized RPCs' optimization framework. Results show that only large RPCs' pricing and thus, production is efficient. For small and medium RPCs, processing size, i.e. realizing economies of scale, is important for their efficiency. The latter finding suggests merger of neighboring small and medium RPCs to both expand supply of raw rice and lower processing costs. In fact, results show that post-merger RPCs have attained pricing efficiency similar to large RPCs. Since 2002, about 20 percent of Korean RPCs have merged adjusting to the competitive market and improving pricing efficiency and overall productivity. In the third essay, the effects of agricultural openness on aggregate agricultural productivity and farmers' welfare in Korea are examined. Results indicate that the openness significantly improves agricultural productivity, with a marked increase following URAA. However, in real terms, farm products' price and net farm business income have declined after trade liberalization. The findings show that agricultural trade liberalization has greatly benefitted Korean consumers, but the net impact on farmers' welfare from productivity growth, real price decline and transfer payments is less clear. The three essays show that Korean agriculture has been adjusting to the increasingly competitive environment in primary and processing sectors, contributing to overall gains for the Korean economy. Encouraging resource reallocation towards more competitive segments of Korean agriculture along with targeted transfer payments to revitalize losers from trade are needed to continue to realize and share gains from trade.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Growth of Agroindustry and Changing Commodity Markets written by Karen E. Thome and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation focuses on the structure of three different agricultural markets that have been at the forefront of changes in industry structure in the last two decades. As agroindustry expands in the developing world, there is a focus on high-value agricultural exports and demand from a growing middle class; my first essay is a model of contracting for such a commodity when quality is important. Market liberalization has led to changes in the structure of agricultural markets; essay 2 tests for market power in the newly privatized corn flour industry in Mexico. Finally, the search for agricultural value added has led to investment in corn ethanol plants in the United States; essay 3 models strategic interactions among these plants. Essay 1 is a model of an agricultural contract where quality is measurable, but measurement of quality is not always enforced. First I show that the buyer with market power can benefit from restricting the number of contracts he signs because the contract price is dependent on the expected spot market price. Under some circumstances it may be optimal for a buyer of the agricultural product to reject high-quality product that he has contracted. In this model rational producers are not harmed by the rejection itself, because they are compensated for the potential rejection in the contract price. Policy interventions that focus on inhibiting the ability of the buyer to influence the spot market price could improve producer well being. In essay 2, I estimate market power in the corn flour market in Mexico. After ratifying NAFTA, Mexico had to move from state-trader intervention along the corn-corn flour-tortilla supply chain to a free-market model. Post-liberalization, Mexican tortilla and corn flour prices increased, while corn prices remained flat. Because the corn flour market is highly concentrated, I ask whether this divergence in price is due to flour producers' ability to exercise market power. Using a NEIO oligopoly model, I find no evidence of market power in the corn flour sector. Essay 3 focuses on the growth of ethanol production in the United States. A favorable policy environment and high oil prices, among other factors, led to enormous investment in the United States ethanol industry beginning in the late 1990s. In this essay I ask what factors contributed to the timing and location of these investments, specifically focusing on strategic interactions among plants. I use both reduced-form and structural models of investment, and find a net-negative effect of incumbent plants on investment.

Download or read book Bringing It to the Table written by Wendell Berry and published by ReadHowYouWant.com. This book was released on 2010-05 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Only a farmer could delve so deeply into the origins of food, and only a writer of Wendell Berry's caliber could convey it with such conviction and eloquence. Drawn from more than thirty years of work, this collection is essential reading for all who care about what they eat.

Download or read book Essays on Agricultural Economy written by G. B. Ayoola and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In particular, this book of essays is aimed at quenching the thirst of undergraduate and postgraduate students of agricultural economics in the institutions of higher learning at home and abroad for a quick reference book on Nigerian development, which they require for proper understanding of taught courses. In general, it is also aimed at dependent and independent professionals in the public and private sectors of the economy and development community at large, with a view to providing them with the institutional memory they require to demonstrate their expertise on the job much better. To this end, the book offers the benefit of many years of experience in teaching, research, and community services, through a menu of topics for profitable reading about the inner mechanisms of the policy process for agricultural development of the country in real time. Herein is strenuously articulated the systematic outputs of disciplined hard work spanning three decades, from 1988 to 2018, including the last ten years of active engagements in policy advocacy outside the university system. The menu of nonexperimental writings provides information about the seemingly dry area of agricultural historiography of the country embedded in a series of analytical thoughts and expositions on performance of successive programs and projects for developing the agricultural economy.

Download or read book Three Essays on Agricultural Research and Development Mergers and Futures Markets written by Mehdi Arzandeh and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three of the most important new trends in agriculture are the evolution of the regimes of intellectual property rights, the ever-increasing market concentration in the plant breeding industry, and the complete migration of agricultural commodity trading to an electronic platform. This dissertation explores the impact of these structural changes in order to provide a better understanding of different aspects of the sector. The first paper of this dissertation examines three major intellectual property rights in the plant breeding industry. The results show that breeders invest less in R&D with a researcher's exemption if variety differentiation is low or knowledge spillover is high. I find that farmers prefer a farmer's exemption in the short run to other IPRs but favour a researcher's exemption or patent in the long run. I also derive the conditions where researcher's exemption can resolve the tragedy of the anticommons and increase R&D investment or create free-riding problem and lower R&D investment. The se4cond paper compares two different merger policies when firms are merging endogenously and engage in R&D. I find that when firms are efficient in conducting R&D, the merger paradox disappears. The results also show that under the "welfare-increasing" merger policy, monopoly is the equilibrium market structure when R&D is very efficient. As R&D becomes less efficient, the equilibrium market structures become less concentrated under the two merger policies. Each merger policy can be global welfare maximizing depending on the efficiency of R however, the "consumer-surplus-increasing" merger policy is optimal for a wider range of parameters. The third paper investigates the contribution of the steps beyond the best bid and ask (BAS) to price discovery in the futures markets. I reconstruct the limit order book (LOB) using market depth data and apply three information share approaches. This is done for live cattle, lean hogs, corn, wheat, soybeans, and the CME E-mini S&P 500 over the period of 23/11/2015 to 31/03/2016. The results show, first, a substantial market depth existing in the steps beyond the BAS, and second, a considerably high contribution to price discovery for the steps beyond the BAS for all the markets studied.

Download or read book Three Essays in Applied Economics written by Asif Rasool and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT Essay 1: In this study, we used agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis to group 2778 farming-defined counties into six clusters, revealing farm patterns across the contiguous 48 states of the United States. Economists have endeavored to identify patterns in US farming to understand the differences in economic performance and improve farm households' well-being. The US is a leading global producer and exporter of many agricultural and food products. Our primary objective is constructing a policy-relevant farm clustering to characterize agricultural homogeneity in US farms' production potential. We identify six relatively homogeneous clusters in five dimensions: farm size, farm assets, farm labor, farm output, degree of mechanization, and government programs. Minimizing diversity within a cluster allows for analysis of public policy changes on specific clusters and comparison of differential effects of the change across clusters. Essay 2: In this study, we developed the most comprehensive county-level datasets covering the 48 contiguous states of the United States to measure the impact of climate change on the US livestock industry. In the first part of our study, we utilized ordinary least squares (OLS) and Fixed effect (FE) models to perform both cross-sectional and panel analysis on five types of livestock: beef cows, milk cows, layer chickens, broiler chickens, and hogs. Unlike the general Ricardian approach in the literature, we attempted a novel approach using livestock inventory share as our models' dependent variable instead of land value. We found that climate change may or may not affect livestock inventory levels depending on the types of livestock and geographical locations. Increased temperature and precipitation may benefit a particular livestock industry depending on geographical location and production settings. However, we did not predict any adverse effect of climate change on any of the five types of livestock we analyzed. In the second part, we fitted our regression estimates to a climate model and projected the US livestock industry in 2070. Comprehending livestock and region-specific impacts of climate change will allow policymakers to craft better strategies and policies to combat and mitigate the adverse externalities of climate change. Essay 3: This study establishes a statistically significant negative association between public transit funding and private vehicle usage. We used the propensity score matching, genetic matching, and diff-in-diff frameworks to conduct county-level and individual household-level analyses to conclude that increasing public transit funding can successfully decrease private vehicle usage. Our results provide empirical backing for encouraging public transit funding as an intervention strategy to reduce private vehicle usage in communities. More specifically, the counties or households that received public transportation funding have lower average vehicle miles traveled (2.35 miles or roughly 6 percent on the county level and 1306.5 miles or approximately 6 percent on the household level) compared to the counties that did not receive any funding. We also conducted a longitudinal study to understand the causal impact of changes in public transit funding on county and household annual private vehicle mileage. This study uses four datasets. The 2019 National Transit Database Annual Data Products (NTD) provides public transit data. Transportation data are collected from the 2017 and 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS). Data from the 2017 national census provide this study's necessary demographic and geographic data (United States Census Bureau). We matched observations from these four datasets at the county and household levels to create the panel datasets with 3138 counties and 4588 households from 50 states of the United States.

Download or read book Three Essays in Economic Development written by Paul Conal Winters and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Agricultural and Resource Economics written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation provides theoretical and empirical contributions to investigate the roles and sources of the technological innovation and the productivity growth via three essays. Employing the patent count and citation data over 1977-2011, the first chapter explores the determining factors of innovations of the U.S. biofuel. I confirm that the knowledge stocks existing in the industry and the crude oil price significantly affect the technological innovations of biofuel in U.S. The second chapter investigates the productivity growth in major dairy production regions in U.S. I show that the emerging dairy regions have relatively higher productivity than the traditional regions. Dynamic decomposition results indicate that surviving farms contribute more than entering and exiting farms. Farm and regional driving forces of farm productivity are also examined. The third chapter investigates landowners' decisions on the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) under a model of land uses. I develop a structural model to examine the manner in which agricultural productivity, market conditions, and CRP payment affect landowner's land use decisions. A novel identification strategy is employed to control for endogeneity of CRP payment and landowners' self-selection into the program. The parameter estimates are used to simulate the impact of increased agricultural prices and CRP payment on the program enrollment and costs.