Download or read book Three Essays in Development and Transition Economics written by Stefano Paternostro and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Development and Transition Economics 1 The Poverty Trap and the Dual Externality Model 2 Structural Adjustment in Polish Firms During the Transition 3 Wage Determination and Discrimination in Romania in the 1990s written by Stefano Paternostro and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The regression results, show that: (1) the reforms brought a significant process of structural change; (2) the productivity response of state enterprises has been significantly smaller than that of private ones; (3) size matters, at least among private enterprises.

Download or read book Three Essays in Development Economics written by David Russell Hansen and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is composed of three chapters. All three deal with topics in development economics. The first chapter examines the effects on village institutions of introducing formal financial institution options into the village. The second addresses the effects of government policy on educational investment and crime. The third tests the explanatory power of various explanations of the gender gap in math test scores. The first chapter examines the effects of a transition from a ``traditional'' economy based on an uncertain source of income, with risk fully insured away by one's neighbors in a social network through costly network ties, to a ``modern'' economy in which some agents have access to partial insurance at a lower cost. A theoretical model is used to show that village social networks can break down as some members of the village no longer need the insurance the social network provides, producing a reduction in welfare (if the costs of reducing moral hazard are not too high) for at least some individuals and possibly the village as a whole. This loss of welfare can occur even when networks provide other benefits to those belonging to them and is likely to be heterogeneous, depending on the opportunities and networks available to individuals. This paper tests these predictions using Indonesian data to examine the effect of a change in the banking institutions available to a community on the strength of social networks (measured by community participation) and welfare (measured by household expenditure and by child health). The analysis finds that changing financial institution availability in general does not influence community participation or welfare, but that financial institutions that primarily serve certain groups do relatively reduce the welfare of households not in those groups, which is consistent with the hypotheses generated by the model. Crime is an important feature of economic life in many countries, especially in the developing world. Crime distorts many economic decisions because it acts like an unpredictable tax on earnings. In particular, the threat of crime may influence people's willingness to invest in schooling or physical capital. The second chapter explores the questions "What influence do crime rates and levels of investment have on one another?" and "How do government policies affect the relationship between investment and crime?" by creating a simple structural model of crime and educational investment and attempting to fit this model to Mexican data. A method of simulated moments procedure is used to estimate parameters of the model and the estimated parameters are then used to carry out policy simulations. The simulations show that increasing spending on police or increasing the severity of punishment reduces crime but has little effect on educational investment. Increased educational subsidies increase educational investment but reduce crime only slightly. Thus, one type of policy is insufficient to accomplish the goals of both reducing crime and increasing education. The third chapter is joint work with Prashant Bharadwaj, Giacomo De Giorgi, and Christopher Neilson. Boys tend to have better performances than girls in mathematical testing; in particular, there are significantly more boys than girls among high achievers and the score distribution appears to have a longer right tail for boys. We confirm such results on several low- and middle-income countries. In particular we find that the gender gap is already present by age 10 and substantially increases by age 14 and 15. We propose and try to test a series of explanations for such a gap: (i) parental investment, (ii) ability, (iii) school resources, (iv) individual investment and effort (not tested directly), (v) competitive environment, and (vi) cultural norms. We conclude that none of our proposed explanations can account for a substantial portion of the gap.

Download or read book Three Essays in the Economics of Transition written by Kiril Strahilov and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Development Economics written by Alice Rosenfeld Antunes and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thèse. HEC. 2023

Download or read book Three Essays on Macroeconomic Policy Development Economics and Economic Growth written by Navarat Temsumrit and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to fulfil the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics and Finance, at the University of St. Gallen, after the completion of the course-work and research phases, I hereby to provide the cumulative dissertation. The dissertation consists of three essays on macroeconomic policy, development economics and economic growth. The first chapter examines empirically the relationship between the cyclical pattern of fiscal policy in democratic developing countries and their quality of political institutions. This chapter uses updated data to analyse 63 developing countries from 1980 to 2013 and robustly shows that pro-cyclical fiscal policy exist in both democratic and non-democratic developing countries. The main contributions of this chapter are controlling the endogeneity issue by using the instrumental variable method and investigating the interactions between political institutions variables and the cyclicality of fiscal policy. The results suggest that an improvement in the level of institutional quality plays an important role to restrain pro-cyclical fiscal policy. These effects are larger in democratic countries than non-democratic ones. Additionally, the maturity and stability of a democratic regime influence in restraining the implementation of pro-cyclical fiscal policy. The second chapter studies the effects of demographic transition and unfunded pension system in affecting the economic growth of Thailand. The chapter adds the aspect of the informal sector and investments in children's education into the Overlapping Generation (OLG) model. We modify the model to allow individuals heterogeneity in their ages and exogenously assign to work either in the formal or informal sector. The results from our model suggest that the non-contribution pension system or old-age security schemes hinder the economic growth of the economy with a high share of the informal sector and low fertility rate like Tha.

Download or read book Three Essays on International and Development Economics written by Kai Su and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 4 presents a modified Ethier (1982) model. The product quantity and quality are determined by separate functions from inputs and can not substitute each other in the production process. In equilibrium only inputs of matching quality are used. The competitive equilibrium supports a continuum of quality levels. The model is used to explain many important economic issues such as product configuration, difference in product quality and labor productivity among countries, trade deficit, invention and innovation cycles, and the strategy of developing through trade.

Download or read book Economic Policies in Developing and Emerging Market Economies written by Shengzu Wang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Development and Transition Economics written by Sitki Utku Teksöz and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Development Analyzing Constraints to Development Evaluating Development Discussing Trade Patterns of Emerging Economies written by Julian Frede and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Population Income and Distribution written by Hoi-Tak Philip Ng and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Three Essays on Population, Income, and Distribution" by Hoi-tak, Philip, Ng, 吳凱特, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Three Essays on Population, Income, and Distribution submitted by Philip Hoi-Tak Ng for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in June 2006 Over the very long run, population, income and distribution are three very important variables affecting human economic history. This research examines their interrelationship across a long span of history. It is divided into three parts: Part I (Population and Income) In the preindustrial era, income was uniformly low and more evenly dis- tributed among ordinary people compared with the present day. The vicis- situdes of life then manifested themselves in the degree to which population changed. The Classical Growth model or the Malthusian model (CGM) is supposedly the workhorse model when economists try to understand the macrodemographic behavior of this period. But the literature is scattered and unorganized. We contribute by systematically surveying the current lit- erature and by providing a synthesis of different models. Our model encom- passing exercise reveals some interesting underlying behavioral mechanisms, such as the importance of technical change in driving population growth. The predictions from these models are then compared with real global and country-level population data from the past two millennia. We argue that the model which displays roughly constant income level and accelerating popu- lation growth best fits the data. Certain CGM models have achieved some success in this aspect. Part II (Income and Population) Entering the industrial era and the post world war period, the behavior of income and population experienced unprecedented and tremendous changes. For many countries, income embarked on sustained growth and the machine of demographic transition geared up. However there are many variations 1among economies concerning the behavior of income and population. One puzzling issue concerns the pace of population growth decline. The Barro- Becker model is employed to examine this issue and it is found that the model is unable to quantitatively account for the significant drop in popula- tion growth in Taiwan and South Korea. Modifications to the basic model to include technological catch-up are made in an attempt to improve the per- formance of the model. The augmented Barro-Becker model, under plausible parameter values, does improve on the basic Barro-Becker model, especially in fitting the output data. However, there is still room for improvement on its quantitative significance in explaining the pace of demographic transition. Part III (Income and Distribution) As total output or income expands, the distribution of income becomes ever more significant. How are the income growth and the inequality change related? We inspect a mechanism of inequality change which is different from the traditional sectoral shift mechanism of the Inverted-U Hypothesis in this part. Development is inegalitarian because advanced technology adoption is like a queue that favors rich and human-capital-abundant people. Thus higher growth is realized only gradually in an economy. A transitional pe- riod with an increase in inequality will follow. Furthermore, if the growth rate differential induced by technological differences is large, the increase in inequality will be very rapid. Lorenz dominance analysis is used to establish analytical results. Findings show that the above model is able to explain the ph

Download or read book Three Essays in Economic Development written by Matthew James Warning and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Economic Stages and Transition written by Ricardo R. Fuentes-Ramírez and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cuba and Venezuela have been argued to be examples of state capitalism, populist capitalism, socialism, or simply the ambiguous "mixed economy." By focusing on these countries as social formations in movement, or in transition, a more adequate understanding is presented. The first essay develops a theory of socialist transition, with focus on the dynamic, rather than static character of socialism. Furthermore, worker cooperatives are analyzed with a focus on the roles they play in the different stages of the transition to socialism. Finally, this framework is utilized to analyze the experience of the Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela. The second essay utilizes this framework to analyze the particular cases of countries dominated by imperialist relations. As this essay argues, throughout history two opposing conceptions regarding the relation between anti-imperialism and socialist transition have been present in the Marxian tradition. The first argues that an anti- imperialist capitalist development stage within dominated regions is required before a socialist transition can begin. The second view argues that capitalist development is blocked in dominated regions, and as a result the only route to economic development is through a transition to socialism. This essay undertakes an examination of key Marxist thinkers and revolutionary processes across the globe to assess the theories and the processes associated with these conceptions. Finally, the third essay assesses the current direction of institutional change in Cuba. Some analysts believe the current changes in the Cuban system indicate the beginning of a transition to capitalism, while others disagree. By focusing on one particular institution, the non-agricultural worker cooperatives, this essay demonstrates that the current reform process in Cuba has included features that could contribute to the mergence of a new socialist formation characterized by participatory planning.

Download or read book Science Ideology and Development written by Archie Mafeje and published by Scandinavian Institute of African Studies. This book was released on 1978 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Theory of Money and Financial Institutions written by Martin Shubik and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first volume in a three-volume exposition of Shubik's vision of "mathematical institutional economics" explores a one-period approach to economic exchange with money, debt, and bankruptcy. This is the first volume in a three-volume exposition of Martin Shubik's vision of "mathematical institutional economics"--a term he coined in 1959 to describe the theoretical underpinnings needed for the construction of an economic dynamics. The goal is to develop a process-oriented theory of money and financial institutions that reconciles micro- and macroeconomics, using as a prime tool the theory of games in strategic and extensive form. The approach involves a search for minimal financial institutions that appear as a logical, technological, and institutional necessity, as part of the "rules of the game." Money and financial institutions are assumed to be the basic elements of the network that transmits the sociopolitical imperatives to the economy. Volume 1 deals with a one-period approach to economic exchange with money, debt, and bankruptcy. Volume 2 explores the new economic features that arise when we consider multi-period finite and infinite horizon economies. Volume 3 will consider the specific role of financial institutions and government, and formulate the economic financial control problem linking micro- and macroeconomics.

Download or read book Three Empirical Essays in Development Economics written by Jorge Huerta Munoz McNabb and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation studies three empirical questions on development economics. The first two chapters investigate the impact of the Mexican health program Seguro Popular on vulnerability to poverty and educational outcomes. Seguro Popular is a health program that provides healthcare services and medicines to households not covered via salaried jobs and does not provide cash transfers or income to disabled individuals. Enrollment is free for households in the poorest three income deciles. Through November 2018, it covered about 50% of the population. The last chapter investigates the extent to which the Peru's 2010 Progress out of Poverty index (PPI) can be used to predict poverty transitions of households. The PPI has become a preferred proxy means test used by government agencies and non-governmental agencies for its accuracy in measuring poverty and as it is quick, inexpensive, and easy to implement.Currently, the Mexican government evaluates poverty using a national income poverty line and monitors poverty using a multi-dimensional poverty index that tries to account for other aspects of wellbeing beyond a monetary metric. However, there is no estimation of the level of exposure to future poverty, which is an element that should be relevant for anti-poverty and human development programs, especially because households around the poverty line are likely to become poor after they experience a negative shock. Chapter 1 investigates the extent to which Seguro Popular can be used to reduce vulnerability to poverty in Mexico. The empirical analysis provides evidence that Seguro Popular helps reduce vulnerability to poverty. A more granular analysis also shows that households are exposed to different factors, such as macro-economic conditions, labor income changes, and weather events, and that Seguro Popular only helps households cope with negative shocks related to health-related expenses. Thus, when analyzing the program's impact on vulnerable households, Seguro Popular does not have an impact on the most vulnerable households, households with the fewest assets, individuals with the least education, or individuals working mostly in non-salaried jobs.Chapter 2 evaluates the impact of Seguro Popular on education outcomes. Previous studies have helped elucidate the unintended effects of Seguro Popular on labor outcomes decisions, fertility, and healthcare services use, among others. Overall, this study validates the hypothesis that Seguro Popular has a positive impact on educational outcomes for children aged six to 11. On average, participation increases enrollment in elementary school and increases the time spent on schoolwork. Additionally, among the unintended effects, the labor time of children decreases for households enrolled in Seguro Popular.Finally, Chapter 3 investigates the extent to which the PPI can be used to predict poverty transition. Chapter 3 analyzes the PPI indicators that are used to estimate the likelihood that households can be identified as living in poverty. In doing so, it quantifies both the relevance of each variable and the predictive power of the PPI score to determine poverty status. For policymaking, a metric that can help predict future status and measure graduation out of anti-poverty programs, while remaining accurate and limiting measurement errors (which are a waste of the financial budget), is necessary. The results show the effectiveness of using PPI to predict poverty transition in terms of targeting accuracy and measurement errors. However, as with previous results, this study shows that such an approach should be complementary to additional information.

Download or read book Essays in Development Economics written by Martin Wiegand and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: