Download or read book Three dimensional Stereophotographic Analysis of Soft Tissue Facial Changes Associated with Rapid Maxillary Expansion written by Bradley Scott Wenande and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three dimensional Photographic Evaluation of Immediate Soft Tissue Changes Following Rapid Maxillary Expansion written by Nathan Joseph Granillo and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The skeletal and dental changes associated with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) are well documented. Effects on the soft tissues and the potential impact on facial esthetics have not been well researched. The purpose of this study was to evaluate immediate changes in facial soft tissues as a result of RME by comparing threedimensional digital photogrammetric images before and after RME treatment. The 3dMDface System was used to obtain photographic images of 21 patients (mean age = 11.8 years) before and after RME treatment for transverse maxillary deficiency. A control group of 13 patients (mean age = 12.7 years) also had two images taken at a similar time interval. Mean expansion was 6.5 mm in the RME patients. Intercanthal distance, nose width, and intercommissural width changed significantly in the RME patients from T0 to T1 (P = 0.011, P = 0.050, and P = 0.003, respectively). Intercommissural width, however, was the only measure that significantly changed as compared with the control group (P = 0.041). Changes in intercanthal distance and nose width were significantly related to the amount of expansion achieved (R2 = 0.428, P = 0.0013 and R2 = 0.501, P = 0.0003, respectively).
Download or read book Evaluation of Immediate Soft Tissue Effects of Rapid Maxillary Expansion Using Three dimensional Imaging written by Daniel Robert Adams and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A 3 dimensional Evaluation of Facial Soft Tissue Changes Associated with Maxillary Expansion Alone Or with Concomitant Protraction Headgear written by Parmis S. Sionit and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Dimensional Analyses of the Effects of Rapid Maxillary Expansion written by Natalie Miller and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Dimensional Morphometric Analysis of Facial Soft Tissue Changes Following Orthodontic Treatment written by Rasha A. Al Sanea and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Dimensional Assessment of Facial Deformities and Their Surgical Outcomes written by Yasas Shri Nalaka Jayaratne and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Three-dimensional Assessment of Facial Deformities and Their Surgical Outcomes" by Yasas Shri Nalaka, Jayaratne, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Data on the three?dimensional (3?D) morphology of normal faces and facial deformities as well as objective techniques for evaluating postoperative changes are currently unavailable. With the advent of stereophotography and cone?beam CT (CBCT), it is possible to acquire 3?D images of soft and hard tissues of the maxillofacial complex. A series of studies were conducted aimed at 1) establishing 3?D facial anthropometric norms for Hong Kong young adults, 2) determining 3?D facial anthropometric features in skeletal Class II and III deformities, 3) characterizing the oropharyngeal space in Class II and III skeletal deformities, 4) exploring clinical applications of 3?D colour maps, 5) establishing a non?invasive technique for estimating serial volume changes and 6) creating virtual craniofacial models by fusing 3?D photographs and CBCT images. Study 1: A stereophotographic system was used to capture 3?D images of 103 Hong Kong Chinese young adults with normal balanced faces. An anthropometric analysis protocol with linear, angular and proportional measurements was developed to establish a normative database and quantify dysmorphology. The Hong Kong Chinese norms were distinct from Caucasians, especially with regard to ocular and nasal measurements. Facial height and nasolabial measurements differed significantly between Hong Kong males and females. Study 2: Anthropometric analyses of 3?D facial images from 41 skeletal Class II and 43 Class III subjects were performed. The Class II subjects had increased lower facial height compared with Class III, who had longer total facial heights and narrower faces. While Class II deformity primarily resulted from mandibular deficiency with a normal maxilla, Class III presented as combined midfacial hypoplasia and mandibular hyperplasia. Study 3: Anthropometric characteristics of the oropharygeal space in skeletal Class II and III were evaluated using 62 CBCT scans. The retroglossal (RG) and retropalatal (RP) volumes and average cross sectional areas were significantly larger in Class III than Class II skeletal deformity. The RP compartment was larger but less uniform than the RG compartment in both Classes. Study 4: 3?D photographs or CBCT images acquired at two different time points were superimposed using a common unaffected area. 3?D colour maps were generated depicting distance differences between superimposed images in a graphical format. These maps were used as an objective tool for treatment planning and assessing outcomes after orthognathic surgery, bimaxillary distraction and facial trauma. Study 5: 3?D photogrammetry was employed for planning soft tissue expansion (STE) and transplantation of a vascularised scapular flap in hemifacial microsomia. This technique facilitated the identification of extent and degree of tissue deficiency, selection of the appropriate tissue expander, monitoring volumetric changes during STE and estimation of the free flap dimensions. Study 6: 3?D facial photographs and CBCT scans of 29 subjects were merged to create virtual craniofacial models with natural surface texture. Accuracy was assessed with 3?D
Download or read book Three dimensional Soft Tissue Changes Upon Smiling written by Clayton Hughes McEntire and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As esthetic improvement continues to be a primary goal of orthodontic patients and practitioners, it is important to understand the soft tissue movements that occur during the transition from rest to smile. Advances in technology allow capture of 3-dimesional photographs. The purpose of this study was to quantify the soft tissue changes that occur upon smiling and to compare changes between males and females using 3-dimensional photography. Fifty-four participants had resting and smiling photographs taken with the 3dMDface camera system. The two images were registered on stable facial surfaces, landmarks were placed, and measurements were recorded. Three-dimensional changes occurred in the following regions of the face in both males and females: eyes, ears, nose and lips. Intercommissure width of the lips was shown to increase more in females than males, but males showed increased mobility in landmarks at the base of the nose.
Download or read book Photographic Analysis of Facial Changes Associated with Maxillary Expansion written by Brian W. Thomas (D.M.D.) and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantitative Analysis of 3 dimensional Facial Soft Tissue Photographic Images written by Vikrum Singh Nanda and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objectives: The recent advent of 3D photography has created the potential for comprehensive facial evaluation. However, lack of practical true 3D analysis of the information collected from 3D images has been the factor limiting widespread utilization in orthodontics. Current evaluation of 3D facial soft tissue images relies on subjective visual evaluation and 2D distances to assess facial disharmony. The objectives of this project strive to map the surface and define boundaries of 3D facial soft tissue, modify mathematical functions to average multiple 3D facial images, and mathematically average 3D facial images allowing generation of color-coded surface deviation relative to a true average. Methods: Collaboration headed by UCLA Orthodontics with UCLA Neuroimaging was initiated to modify advanced brain mapping technology to accurately map the facial surface in 3D. 10 subjects were selected as a sample for development of the technical protocol. 3dMD photographic images were segmented, corrected using a series of topology correcting algorithms, and process to create close meshes. Shapes were mapped to a sphere using conformal and area preserving maps, and were then registered using a spherical patch mapping approach. Finally an average was created using 7-parameter procrustes alignment. Results: Size-standardized average facial images were generated for the sample population. A single patient was then superimposed on the average and color-coded displacement maps were generated to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this protocol. Further confirmation of the methods through 3D superimposition of the initial (T0) average to the 4 week (T4) average was completed and analyzed. Conclusions: The results of this investigation suggest that it is possible to average multiple facial images of highly variable topology. The immediate application of this research will be rapid and detailed diagnostic imaging analysis for orthodontic and surgical treatment planning. There is great potential for application to anthropometrics and genomics. This investigation resulted in establishment of a protocol for mapping the surface of the human face in three dimensions.
Download or read book Retrospective Three dimensional Facial Soft Tissue Analysis in Skeletal Class I Malocclusions with Premolar Extractions written by Jinah Kang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objectives: Decreased volume and atrophy are hallmarks of aging facial soft tissues. In perioral region, a hallmark is deepening of nasolabial folds. It is unknown how extraction orthodontic treatment affects such tissues. This study describes nasolabial fold regional changes in premolar extraction cases. Methods: Pre- and post-treatment 3dMD images of 14 skeletal Class-I patients with 4 premolar extractions were studied for changes of tissue thickness in the nasolabial fold region. All subjects were treated at Temple University. The sample consisted of 10 females and 4 males aged 12 -26 years old and included three ethnicities: Asian, Hispanic, and African American. With the aid of 3dMD Vultus software, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were collected. Color histograms were created for qualitative analyses, and quantitative volumetric changes in cheek volume were correlated to 2-D cephalometric lip thickness, lip retraction, and incisor retraction. Data were analyzed by Spearman's rho for lip thickness, lip retraction, and incisor retraction. Regression analyses were completed controlling for age, gender, and ethnicity. Results: In this sample of Class-I malocclusion patients with 4 premolar extraction treatment, quantitative results showed no significant correlations were found between 2-D soft tissue thickness and volumetric changes around the nasolabial fold region. Moreover, none of the other characteristics including, change in the upper lip in 2-D cephalometric measurements, age, and gender were factors that correlated with volumetric changes around the nasolabial fold. The qualitative findings showed changes in lips and commissures did not affect the soft tissues around the nasolabial fold areas. Overall, there were no significant correlations between the thickness of soft tissue, change in the lips in 2-D, age, ethnicity, and gender in volumetric changes. Conclusions: Data generated by this investigation did not imply any cause-and-effect relationship between measurements of lip thickness, lip retraction, and incisor retraction to the deepening of the nasolabial fold.
Download or read book Investigating the Accuracy and Reproducibility of 3dMDface System for Soft Tissue Analysis written by Yasir M. Kachroo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: Three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue (ST) changes from orthodontic treatment can now be evaluated with the development of 3D photography. However, the accuracy and reliability of this method is still in question. This study aims to 1) evaluate the accuracy of 3dMD imaging using caliper, surface, and 3D morphometrics and 2) find standard facial expressions that can be best reproduced by 3dMD imaging for soft tissue analysis. Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) ST facial landmarks were obtained from 40 adults not undergoing orthodontic treatment through the use of 3dMD facial photographic software. A total of 16 landmarks were used and 21 parameters were measured for surface distances (6 in vertical, 10 in anterior posterior, and 5 in transverse). 3dMD images of four different facial expressions (repose (R), maximum intercuspation (MIP), posed smile (S), and smile with lips closed (SLC)) were taken at 0hr, 1hr, 24hr, 1wk, 2wk, 3wk, and 4wk time intervals. As a feasibility test, these measurements were taken on a mannequin at the above time intervals. Superimposition of seven 3dMD images for each facial posture per subject was performed for analysis. Error magnitude statistics: mean absolute difference (MAD), standard deviation of the error (SD), Root MeanSquare Error (RMSE), relative error magnitude (REM), technical error magnitude (TEM), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used.3D morphometrics, seven images were taken of mannequin and subjects posing in MIP and posed smile. These images were loaded into an initial software pipeline to generate a closed mesh. Closed mesh were traced for surface curves and finally loaded into a dual pipeline to average those seven images. Color-coded displacement maps were generated from the dual pipeline images to evaluate changes across the seven time points. T-stats was performed to quantify these changes. Results: Measurements on a mannequin confirmed the reliability of all the landmarks and parameters used in this study. For 40 subjects, 3dMD measurements between ST landmarks were reproducible with a random error lower than 1mm except for the distance from cheilion to cheilion (2.79mm). Comparing across the four facial postures, MIP showed the smallest variation with mean absolute difference (MAD) (2.03mm) and SD (0.81mm). S posture had the largest variation with MAD (2.79mm) and SD (1.28mm). For 3D morphometrics, mannequin showed that the t-stats are at near zero on the face. When applying 3D morphometrics for MIP and posed smile, areas around exocanthion, cheilion, and pronasale showed slight variation. Conclusion: 3dMD can perform ST analysis with both accuracy and reproducibility and can be utilized for evaluating ST changes with dental treatment when using advanced technology like 3D morphometrics. Cheilion, alar base, and exocanthion might not be an appropriate landmark to use for ST analysis. R and MIP facial postures are recommended over smile (S or SLC) for more consistent parameter measurements.
Download or read book Three Dimensional Cephalometry written by Gwen R.J. Swennen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-08-10 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This richly illustrated colour atlas and manual provides orthodontists, maxillofacial and plastic craniofacial surgeons, genetic dysmorphologists and medical anthropologists with exhaustive information on all aspects of three-dimensional cephalometric analysis of hard and soft tissues. The book offers practical, straightforward "step-by-step" guidance for both clinicians and researchers interested in 3-D assessment of the head and face.
Download or read book Three Dimensional Study to Quantify the Relationship Between Facial Hard and Soft Tissue Movement as a Result of Orthognathic Surgery written by Anas Mohammed Yousif Almukhtar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 3D Soft tissue 2D Hard tissue and Psychosocial Chantes Following Orthognathic Surgery written by Mohammad Younis Hajeer and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Dimensional Changes in the Soft Tissue Face of Ten Bolton Study Males as Seen in Bi Orthogonal Cephalograms and 3D CT Images written by Omar A. Macaraeg and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Longitudinal Study of Linear Change of Skeletal and Soft Tissue Parameters in the Frontal Plane Following Rapid Maxillary Expansion written by John Louis Spolyar and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
