Download or read book Three dimensional Simulation on N type Wafer based Solar Cells written by 劉政鑫 and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells written by W.R. Fahrner and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2006-08-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world of today must face up to two contradictory energy problems: on the one hand, there is the sharply growing consumer demand in countries such as China and India. On the other hand, natural resources are dwindling. Moreover, many of those countries which still possess substantial gas and oil supplies are politically unstable. As a result, renewable natural energy sources have received great attention. Among these, solar-cell technology is one of the most promising candidates. However, there still remains the problem of the manufacturing costs of such cells. Many attempts have been made to reduce the production costs of “conventional” solar cells (manufactured from monocrystalline silicon using diffusion methods) by instead using cheaper grades of silicon, and simpler pn-junction fabrication. That is the ‘hero’ of this book; the heterojunction solar cell.

Download or read book Three Dimensional Solar Cells Based on Optical Confinement Geometries written by Yuan Li and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three dimensional (3D) optical geometries are becoming more common in the literature and lexicon of solar cells. Three Dimensional Solar Cells Based on Optical Confinement Geometries describes and reveals the basic operational nuances of 3D photovoltaics using three standard tools: Equivalent Circuit Models, Ray Tracing Optics in the Cavity, and Absorber Spectral Response. These tools aide in understanding experimental absorption profile and device parameters including Jsc, Voc, Fill Factor, and EQE. These methods also apply to individual optical confinement geometry device, integrated optical confinement geometry device, and hybrid optical confinement geometry device. Additionally, this book discusses the importance of these methods in achieving the goal of high efficiency solar cells and suggests a possible application in large-scale photovoltaics business, like solar farms.

Download or read book Simulation and Process Development for Ion implanted N type Silicon Solar Cells written by Steven Ning and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the efficiency potential for the industrial P-type Al-BSF silicon solar cell reaches its limit, new solar cell technologies are required to continue the pursuit of higher efficiency solar power at lower cost. It has been demonstrated in literature that among possible alternative solar cell structures, cells featuring a local BSF (LBSF) have demonstrated some of the highest efficiencies seen to date. Implementation of this technology in industry, however, has been limited due to the cost involved in implementing the photolithography procedures required. Recent advances in solar cell doping techniques, however, have identified ion implantation as a possible means of performing the patterned doping required without the need for photolithography. In addition, past studies have examined the potential for building solar cells on N-type silicon substrates, as opposed to P-type. Among other advantages, it is possible to create N-type solar cells which do not suffer from the efficiency degradation under light exposure that boron-doped P-type solar cells are subject to. Industry has not been able to capitalize on this potential for improved solar cell efficiency, in part because the fabrication of an N-type solar cell requires additional masking and doping steps compared to the P-type solar cell process. Again, however, recent advances in ion implantation for solar cells have demonstrated the possibility for bypassing these process limitations, fabricating high efficiency N-type cells without any masking steps. It is clear that there is potential for ion implantation to revolutionize solar cell manufacturing, but it is uncertain what absolute efficiency gains may be achieved by moving to such a process. In addition to development of a solar specific ion implant process, a number of new thermal processes must be developed as well. With so many parameters to optimize, it is highly beneficial to have an advanced simulation model which can describe the ion implant, thermal processes, and cell performance accurately. Toward this goal, the current study develops a process and device simulation model in the Sentaurus TCAD framework, and calibrates this model to experimentally measured cells. The study focuses on three main tasks in this regard: Task I - Implant and Anneal Model Development and Validation This study examines the literature in solar and microelectronics research to identify features of ion implant and anneal processes which are pertinent to solar cell processing. It is found that the Monte Carlo ion implant models used in IC fabrication optimization are applicable to solar cell manufacture, with adjustments made to accommodate for the fact that solar cell wafers are often pyramidally textured instead of polished. For modeling the thermal anneal processes required after ion implant, it is found that the boron and phosphorus cases need to be treated separately, with their own diffusion models. In particular, boron anneal simulation requires accurate treatment of boron-interstitial clusters (BICs), transient enhanced diffusion, and dose loss. Phosphorus anneal simulation requires treatment of vacancy and interstitial mediated diffusion, as well as dose loss and segregation. The required models are implemented in the Sentaurus AdvancedModels package, which is used in this study. The simulation is compared to both results presented in literature and physical measurements obtained on wafers implanted at the UCEP. It is found that good experimental agreement may be obtained for sheet resistance simulations of implanted wafers, as well as simulations of boron doping profile shape. The doping profiles of phosphorus as measured by the ECV method, however, contain inconsistencies with measured sheet resistance values which are not explained by the model. Task II - Device Simulation Development and Calibration This study also develops a 3D model for simulation of an N-type LBSF solar cell structure. The 3D structure is parametrized in terms of LBSF dot width and pitch, and an algorithm is used to generate an LBSF structure mesh with this parametrization. Doping profiles generated by simulations in Task I are integrated into the solar cell structure. Boundary conditions and free electrical parameters are calibrated using data from similar solar cells fabricated at the UCEP, as well as data from lifetime test wafers. This simulation uses electrical models recommended in literature for solar cell simulation. It is demonstrated that the 3D solar cell model developed for this study accurately reproduces the performance of an implanted N-type full BSF solar cell, and all parameters fall within ranges expected from theoretical calculations. The model is then used to explore the parameter space for implanted N-type local BSF solar cells, and to determine conditions for optimal solar cell performance. It is found that adding an LBSF to the otherwise unchanged baseline N-type cell structure can produce almost 1% absolute efficiency gain. An optimum LBSF dot pitch of 450um at a dot size of 100um was identified through simulation. The model also reveals that an LBSF structure can reduce the fill factor of the solar cell, but this effect can be offset by a gain in Voc. Further efficiency improvements may be realized by implementing a doping-dependent SRV model and by optimizing the implant dose and thermal anneal. Task III - Development of a Procedure for Ion Implanted N-type LBSF Cell Fabrication Finally, this study explores a method for fabrication of ion-implanted N-type LBSF solar cells which makes use of photolithographically defined nitride masks to perform local phosphorus implantation. The process utilizes implant, anneal, and metallization steps previously developed at the UCEP, as well as new implant masking steps developed in the course of this study. Although an LBSF solar cell has not been completely fabricated, the remaining steps of the process are successfully tested on implanted N-type full BSF solar cells, with efficiencies reaching 20.0%.

Download or read book Solar Cells written by Leonid A. Kosyachenko and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-11-02 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third book of four-volume edition of 'Solar Cells' is devoted to solar cells based on silicon wafers, i.e., the main material used in today's photovoltaics. The volume includes the chapters that present new results of research aimed to improve efficiency, to reduce consumption of materials and to lower cost of wafer-based silicon solar cells as well as new methods of research and testing of the devices. Light trapping design in c-Si and mc-Si solar cells, solar-energy conversion as a function of the geometric-concentration factor, design criteria for spacecraft solar arrays are considered in several chapters. A system for the micrometric characterization of solar cells, for identifying the electrical parameters of PV solar generators, a new model for extracting the physical parameters of solar cells, LBIC method for characterization of solar cells, non-idealities in the I-V characteristic of the PV generators are discussed in other chapters of the volume.

Download or read book Simulation of Geometry and Shadow Effects in 3D Organic Polymer Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising inventory levels of Solar panels and new production capacity is driving solar PV prices lower and thereby, bringing solar energy closer to grid price parity. Major studies have been made in improving solar cell efficiency. A novel approach based on three-dimensional (3D) architecture for polymeric photovoltaic cells made up of an array of sub-micron and nano-pillars which not only increase the area of the light absorbing surface, but also improve the carrier collection efficiency of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. This study concentrates on modeling the effect of shading on 3D solar cell by varying arrangements of pillars/electrodes on a 3D organic photovoltaic cell surface. We have developed mathematical model in MATLAB which simulate the shadow effect and characterize the cell geometrically by varying aspect ratio, spacing, size, shape. A Model has been built for several shading profiles to optimize the exposed area on solar cell for different position of sun.

Download or read book Modelling and Optimization of Photovoltaic Cells Modules and Systems written by Carlos David Rodríguez Gallegos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-28 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a study to determine the current limitations in the area of Photovoltaics (PV) as a source of renewable energy and proposes strategies to overcome them by applying optimization approaches in three main areas, namely related to photovoltaic solar cells, modules, and systems. These include grid metallization design of Si-based solar cells and modules; cost-effectiveness analysis between Si-based monofacial and bifacial grid-connected PV systems; optimal diesel replacement strategy for the progressive introduction of PV and batteries; dispatch strategy optimization for PV hybrid systems in real time. The novelty of the work presented in this book is of high interest to the scientific community but also to the PV manufacturers, installation companies, and investors.

Download or read book Nanotechnology for Energy Sustainability 3 Volume Set written by Baldev Raj and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 1280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dieses Referenzwerk in drei handlichen Bänden bietet einen detaillierten Überblick über Anwendungen der Nanotechnologie im Bereich Nachhaltigkeit in der Energieversorgung. Der erste Band dieses klar strukturierten Nachschlagewerks behandelt nach der Einleitung die Themen Energieerzeugung, erneuerbare Energien, Energiespeicherung, Energieverteilung sowie Energieumwandlung und Energy-Harvesting. Im zweiten Band werden auf Nanotechnologie basierte Materialen, Energieeinsparung und -management, technologische und urheberrechtlich relevante Fragen, Märkte und Umweltsanierung erörtert. Der dritte Band wirft einen Blick in die Zukunft, auf technologische Fortschritte und gibt Empfehlungen. Ein wichtiges Handbuch für alle Experten auf diesem Gebiet, von Forschern und Ingenieuren im wissenschaftlichen Bereich bis hin zu Entwicklern in der Industrie.

Download or read book Solar Cell Device Physics written by Stephen J. Fonash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar Cell Device Physics offers a balanced, in-depth qualitative and quantitative treatment of the physical principles and operating characteristics of solar cell devices. Topics covered include photovoltaic energy conversion and solar cell materials and structures, along with homojunction solar cells. Semiconductor-semiconductor heterojunction cells and surface-barrier solar cells are also discussed. This book consists of six chapters and begins by introducing the reader to the basic physical principles and materials properties that are the foundations of photovoltaic energy conversion, with emphasis on various photovoltaic devices capable of efficiently converting solar energy into usable electrical energy. The electronic and optical properties of crystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous materials with both organic and inorganic materials are considered, together with the manner in which these properties change from one material class to another and the implications of such changes for photovoltaics. Generation, recombination, and bulk transport are also discussed. The two mechanisms of photocarrier collection in solar cells, drift and diffusion, are then compared. The remaining chapters focus on specific solar cell device classes defined in terms of the interface structure employed: homojunctions, semiconductor-semiconductor heterojunctions, and surface-barrier devices. This monograph is appropriate for use as a textbook for graduate students in engineering and the sciences and for seniors in electrical engineering and applied physics, as well as a reference book for those actively involved in solar cell research and development.

Download or read book Proceedings of ISES World Congress 2007 Vol 1 Vol 5 written by D. Yogi Goswami and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 3091 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ISES Solar World Congress is the most important conference in the solar energy field around the world. The subject of ISES SWC 2007 is Solar Energy and Human Settlement, it is the first time that it is held in China. This proceedings consist of 600 papers and 30 invited papers, whose authors are top scientists and experts in the world. ISES SWC 2007 covers all aspects of renewable energy, including PV, collector, solar thermal electricity, wind, and biomass energy.

Download or read book Optimisation of Interface Textures in Thin film Silicon Solar Cells Aided by Three dimensional Optical Modelling and Simulations written by Martin Sever and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Silicon Solar Cells written by Shadia Ikhmayies and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a review of all types of silicon solar cells. The scope includes monocrocrystalline Si solar cells, polycrystalline and amorphous thin-film silicon solar cells, and tandem solar cells. Production, treatment and development of these devices are reviewed. Limitations of these devices, design optimization, testing and fabrication methods are covered. In addition, current status and future prospects for the further development of silicon solar cells are addressed. Special emphasis is given to methods of attaining high efficiency and thereby cost-effective solar power. The aim of the book is to provide the reader with a complete overview about the recent advances in the structure and technology of all generations of silicon solar cells.

Download or read book Junction Engineering and Device Design for Silicon Heterojunction and Interdigitated Back Contact Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells written by Lei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction (IBC-SHJ) solar cell currently holds the record conversion efficiency for non-concentrated single junction silicon solar cells with an efficiency of 26.7%. The aim of this dissertation is to understand the fundamental loss mechanisms of IBC-SHJ related to the rear surface design and to minimize these losses utilizing advanced numerical simulations, novel test structure characterizations and scalable device fabrication processes. The findings in this dissertation will serve as guidance for the industry-oriented R & D efforts to make IBC-SHJ mass-production cost-effective without compromising the performance. The outcomes of this dissertation are four-fold: ☐ First, a lifetime simulation tool based on the extended Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination formalism has been developed as guidance to investigate c-Si surface passivation. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) conditions of intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon (i.a-Si:H) films were explored for passivating the commercial n-type c-Si (n.c-Si) wafer surfaces and correlation to the properties of films was established through material characterizations. Passivated lifetime > 1ms with implied open circuit voltage (iVOC) > 700 mV has been achieved. The trade-off between front surface absorption loss and rear surface emitter junction valence band offset effect was simultaneously accommodated with an optimized i.a-Si:H layer. ☐ Second, an advanced two-dimensional (2-D) IBC-SHJ simulation model has been developed to investigate the IBC-SHJ device rear surface design of three regions: emitter contact, base contact and the non-metallized gap region between them. Simulations suggested that IBC-SHJ performance is more sensitive to the surface passivation quality in emitter and gap regions than the base region. The trade-offs between VOC and FF were diagnosed by experimentally varying p-type a-Si:H layers (p.a-Si:H) and their application on SHJ test structures. A graded high-low p.a-Si:H emitter structure was established, demonstrating IBC-SHJ solar cell efficiency of 20.2% fabricated by complex three-step photolithography (PL) process. ☐ Thirdly, to minimize the lateral transport loss over the rear surface gap region, four different passivation structures were investigated utilizing potential industrially-scalable process. Interface defect density (Dit) and interface charge density (Qpass) for the four structures were extracted utilizing a lifetime simulator. The 2-D IBC-SHJ device simulations indicated that > 21.5% conversion efficiency is achievable on devices fabricated with our current process. However, experimental results of IBC-SHJ fabricated with simplified processes suggested that a gap passivation structure which induces inversion at n.c-Si surface should be avoided. ☐ Fourth, to validate the inversion layer effect on IBC-SHJ device, a novel three-terminal rear SHJ test structure was invented. This structure enabled an external DC bias to be applied onto one of the rear contacts for voltage-modulated laser-beam-induced-current (VM-LBIC) measurements. Additionally, device performance was analyzed before and after intentional localized laser damage to base region, which confirmed the detrimental surface inversion effect if any localized high surface recombination region exists within a diffusion length distance from emitter region. ☐ Based on these results, for a commercially viable IBC-SHJ fabrication on n-type c-Si wafer, the following recommendations can be made: 1) Avoid passivation scheme with negative charge that might form inversion layer at the rear surface; 2) Minimize area of localized defective regions with high surface recombination velocity (SRV) and; 3) Low resolution alignment patterning processes which yield gap widths ≥ 100 μm are acceptable if the gap region of IBC-SHJ has an SRV ≤ 5 cm/s.

Download or read book ISTFA 2018 Proceedings from the 44th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis written by and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2018-12-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis (ISTFA) 2018 is co-located with the International Test Conference (ITC) 2018, October 28 to November 1, in Phoenix, Arizona, USA at the Phoenix Convention Center. The theme for the November 2018 conference is "Failures Worth Analyzing." While technology advances fast and the market demands the latest and the greatest, successful companies strive to stay competitive and remain profitable.

Download or read book Silicon Based Thin Film Solar Cells written by Roberto Murri and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon Based Thin Film Solar Cells explains concepts related to technologies for silicon (Si) based photovoltaic applications. Topics in this book focus on ‘new concept’ solar cells. These kinds of cells can make photovoltaic power production an economically viable option in comparison to the bulk crystalline semiconductor technology industry. A transition from bulk crystalline Si solar cells toward thin-film technologies reduces usage of active material and introduces new concepts based on nanotechnologies. Despite its importance, the scientific development and understanding of new solar cells is not very advanced, and educational resources for specialized engineers and scientists are required. This textbook presents the fundamental scientific aspects of Si thin films growth technology, together with a clear understanding of the properties of the material and how this is employed in new generation photovoltaic solar cells. The textbook is a valuable resource for graduate students working on their theses, young researchers and all people approaching problems and fundamental aspects of advanced photovoltaic conversion.

Download or read book Handbook of Optoelectronic Device Modeling and Simulation written by Joachim Piprek and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 887 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive survey of fundamental concepts and methods for optoelectronic device modeling and simulation. Gives a broad overview of concepts with concise explanations illustrated by real results. Compares different levels of modeling, from simple analytical models to complex numerical models. Discusses practical methods of model validation. Includes an overview of numerical techniques.

Download or read book JJAP written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: