Download or read book Things We Know Fifteen Essays on Problems of Knowledge written by Frank B. Ebersole and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2001-12-11 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[Reading Ebersole] requiresand often succeeds in producinga radical reorientation of ones thinking . . . " from a book review Things We Know is a collection of fifteen essays that focus on perennial philosophical problems about knowledge. The essays let you participate in Frank Ebersoles unique struggles to come to terms with such questions as: Can we know the world? . . . the past? . . . the future? . . . of Gods existence? . . . whether our actions are free? . . . the foundations of logic and language? This is not just another philosophy book about problems of knowledge. In Things We Know, Ebersole, by carefully using examples, exposes the problems to be the products of philosophical pictures. The examples also make the pictures less compelling. Thus, by reading this philosophy book readers can join the author in working to free themselves from some perplexing philosophical concerns. How the Second Edition differs from the First Edition This edition differs from the First Edition (University of Oregon Books, 1967) in three ways. An essay is added. "Everymans Ontological Argument" has been inserted as Essay 14, following two other essays about the ontological argument. "Everymans Ontological Argument" was published in the Fall 1978 issue of Philosophical Investigations. (The original Chapter 14, "Where the Action Is," is now Chapter 15.) An essay is replaced. The original Essay 3, "How Philosophers See Stars," has been replaced by a modified version that was printed in Philosophy Today (no. 2, 1969). The replacement includes some further improvements. The text is improved. Throughout the book, the author has made corrections, stylistic improvements, and changed the wording as needed to make clearer his line of thought. Summary Each of the fifteen essays takes up a philosophical problem. In most of the essays, Ebersole first clarifies the problem and reviews common attempts to resolve the problem. Then he focuses on the central ideas and terms used to state the problem and creates examples of people using the terms under consideration. The examples are unique because of their focus on the context and point of what we say. If his investigations fail to find a use of the terms that supports the philosophical problem, he is led to conclude that the problem does not really derive from a philosophical insight but rather arises from a philosophical picture or model. Preface The essays in Things We Know address some of the perennial philosophical problems of knowledge. The essays are unified by being similar in method and philosophic aim. Ebersole exposes a picture behind each problem. In the essays he works through some of the ways that pictures control our thinking and tries to make the pictures less compelling. Chapters 1 6: Perception and Language Chapter 1: "Seeing Red in Red Things" Philosophical problem: Must words for simple visual properties (e.g., "red") refer to things because the things share some property (e.g., redness)? Can we see this property? Topics investigated: Family resemblances, properties of colors, when we regard things as the same, when we regard colors as the same, when we regard things as having common properties, language-world philosophical pictures. Philosophers discussed: A. J. Ayer, J. Herder, J. S. Mill. Chapter 2: "Seeing Things" Philosophical problem: Do hallucinations and afterimage

Download or read book Things We Know written by Frank B. Ebersole and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Clarity and Confusion in Social Theory written by Leonidas Tsilipakos and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2015-02-28 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Departing from a concern with certain ‘hard’ problems in social theory and focusing instead on the theoretical strategies employed in their solution, especially on how these strategies depend on what the author calls the theoretical attitude towards language, this book considers whether these strategies, far from being indispensable guides to thinking, might in fact lead social theorists to misunderstand the concepts constitutive of social life. Making use of the insights and practice of Ordinary Language Philosophy, understood as encompassing the work of Wittgenstein, Ryle, Austin and their followers, Clarity and Confusion in Social Theory reveals the profound logical flaws in some of the central methodological procedures often employed in social theory for dealing with concepts, offering alternative approaches to social scientists and philosophers for tackling the conceptual issues that have so bedevilled social science from its inception. A lucid explication of Ordinary Language Philosophy and the potential that it offers for deepening and re-orienting theoretical work in the social sciences, this volume, apart from being a challenge to the influential Critical Realist paradigm, constitutes a radical critique of social theoretical reason. As such, it will appeal to social theorists and philosophers of social science, those with interests in research methods and theory construction, and anyone interested in thinking clearly about society.

Download or read book Why I Write written by George Orwell and published by Renard Press Ltd. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: George Orwell set out ‘to make political writing into an art’, and to a wide extent this aim shaped the future of English literature – his descriptions of authoritarian regimes helped to form a new vocabulary that is fundamental to understanding totalitarianism. While 1984 and Animal Farm are amongst the most popular classic novels in the English language, this new series of Orwell’s essays seeks to bring a wider selection of his writing on politics and literature to a new readership. In Why I Write, the first in the Orwell’s Essays series, Orwell describes his journey to becoming a writer, and his movement from writing poems to short stories to the essays, fiction and non-fiction we remember him for. He also discusses what he sees as the ‘four great motives for writing’ – ‘sheer egoism’, ‘aesthetic enthusiasm’, ‘historical impulse’ and ‘political purpose’ – and considers the importance of keeping these in balance. Why I Write is a unique opportunity to look into Orwell’s mind, and it grants the reader an entirely different vantage point from which to consider the rest of the great writer’s oeuvre. 'A writer who can – and must – be rediscovered with every age.' — Irish Times

Download or read book The Philosophical Review written by Jacob Gould Schurman and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Knowing How written by John Bengson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-06 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge how to do things is a pervasive and central element of everyday life. Yet it raises many difficult questions that must be answered by philosophers and cognitive scientists aspiring to understand human cognition and agency. What is the connection between knowing how and knowing that? Is knowledge how simply a type of ability or disposition to act? Is there an irreducibly practical form of knowledge? What is the role of the intellect in intelligent action? This volume contains fifteen state of the art essays by leading figures in philosophy and linguistics that amplify and sharpen the debate between "intellectualists" and "anti-intellectualists" about mind and action, highlighting the conceptual, empirical, and linguistic issues that motivate and sustain the conflict. The essays also explore various ways in which this debate informs central areas of ethics, philosophy of action, epistemology, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind and cognitive science. Knowing How covers a broad range of topics dealing with tacit and procedural knowledge, the psychology of skill, expertise, intelligence and intelligent action, the nature of ability, the syntax and semantics of embedded questions, the mind-body problem, phenomenal character, epistemic injustice, moral knowledge, the epistemology of logic, linguistic competence, the connection between knowledge and understanding, and the relation between theory and practice. This is the book on knowing how--an invaluable resource for philosophers, linguists, psychologists, and others concerned with knowledge, mind, and action.

Download or read book Practical Knowledge written by Kieran Setiya and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last forty years, action theory has revitalized moral philosophy. Philosophers have explored the nature of agency, what is involved in acting for a reason, how we know what we are doing, the role of intention, desire, and belief in motivating action, and more. At their most ambitious, philosophers have claimed that action theory is the foundation of ethics. For rationalists or constitutivists, the standards of practical reason derive from the nature of agency as a functional or teleological kind. They are no more mysterious than the standards for being a good clock or a good heart, given the function of clocks and hearts. In this collection of new and previously published essays, Kieran Setiya defends a causal theory of intentional action on which it is explained by knowledge in intention, a form of practical knowledge that transcends prior evidence. Such knowledge rests on knowing how to do the things we do. The theory is otherwise minimalist: agents need not regard their reasons as good, put means to ends, or adopt particular aims. It follows that we must reject the rationalist or constitutivist approach: the nature of agency is too thin to support the standards of practical reason. But the upshot is not nihilism. Instead, the requirement of means-end coherence is explained by the cognitive aspect of intention; and the standards of practical reason are those of ethical virtue, applied to practical thought.

Download or read book Winning Strategies For ACT Essay Writing With 15 Sample Prompts written by Vibrant Publishers and published by Vibrant Publishers. This book was released on 2023-09-05 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to master the ACT essay section with the latest edition of Winning Strategies For ACT Essay Writing: With 15 Sample Prompts The book is packed with effective tips, strategies and guidelines that will help you write the perfect essay. Featuring: i. Expert tips and strategies ii. Insights into how impressive essays are written iii. 15 sample prompts written in the latest ACT format iv. Prompts on different subjects to prepare you for every challenge v. Overview of the ACT essay section vi. Scoring rubric Inside are 15 sample prompts, carefully picked from a variety of subjects, which will prepare you to craft ACT-worthy essays. These prompts are presented in the same format as the ACT. You will be able to assess the argument, outline your essay, and write it in the allotted 40 minutes by using step-by-step techniques given in the book. The book will also enhance your critical thinking skills by helping you explore alternate opinions and assumptions, and understand how to approach the argument and create an effective essay. The variety of essay topics will strengthen your knowledge and help you expand your horizons, equipping your arsenal for facing the test with a composed mind. Along with this, the book also contains an overview of the ACT essay section and the scoring guidelines, which helps you understand the format and scoring guidelines before the actual test. By the time the book is finished, you'll be prepared to write a powerful and compelling essay. Face the ACT with ease and maximize your score. The new and improved edition of Winning Strategies For ACT Essay Writing is your ultimate guide to becoming test-ready. Your journey to ACT excellence starts here.

Download or read book Ralph Waldo Emerson Essays and Lectures LOA 15 written by Ralph Waldo Emerson and published by Library of America. This book was released on 1983-11-15 with total page 1196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our most eloquent champion of individualism, Emerson acknowledges at the same time the countervailing pressures of society in American life. Even as he extols what he called “the great and crescive self,” he dramatizes and records its vicissitudes. Here are all the indispensable and most renowned works, including “The American Scholar” (“our intellectual Declaration of Independence,” as Oliver Wendell Holmes called it), “The Divinity School Address,” considered atheistic by many of his listeners, the summons to “Self-Reliance,” along with the more embattled realizations of “Circles” and, especially, “Experience.” Here, too, are his wide-ranging portraits of Montaigne, Shakespeare, and other “representative men,” and his astute observations on the habits, lives, and prospects of the English and American people. This volume includes Emerson’s well-known Nature; Addresses, and Lectures (1849), his Essays: First Series (1841) and Essays: Second Series (1844), plus Representative Men (1850), English Traits (1856), and his later book of essays, The Conduct of Life (1860). These are the works that established Emerson’s colossal reputation in America and found him admirers abroad as diverse as Carlyle, Nietzsche, and Proust. The reasons for Emerson’s influence and durability will be obvious to any reader who follows the exhilarating, exploratory movements of his mind in this uniquely full gathering of his work. Not merely another selection of his essays, this volume includes all his major books in their rich entirety. No other volume conveys so comprehensively the exhilaration and exploratory energy of perhaps America’s greatest writer. LIBRARY OF AMERICA is an independent nonprofit cultural organization founded in 1979 to preserve our nation’s literary heritage by publishing, and keeping permanently in print, America’s best and most significant writing. The Library of America series includes more than 300 volumes to date, authoritative editions that average 1,000 pages in length, feature cloth covers, sewn bindings, and ribbon markers, and are printed on premium acid-free paper that will last for centuries.

Download or read book New Essays on the A Priori written by Paul Boghossian and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2000-10-26 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topics of a priori knowledge and a priori justification have long played a prominent part in epistemology and the theory of meaning. Recently there has been a surge of interest in the proper explication of these notions. These newly commissioned essays, by a distinguished, international group of philosophers, will have a substantial influence on later work in this area. They discuss the relations of the a priori to meaning, justification, definition and ontology; they consider the role of the notion in Leibniz, Kant, Frege and Wittgenstein; and they address its role in recent discussions in the philosophy of mind. Particular attention is also paid to the a priori in logic, science and mathematics. The authors exhibit a wide variety of approaches, some remaining sceptical of the notion itself, some proposing that it receive a non-factualist treatment, and others proposing novel ways of explicating and defending it. The editors' Introduction provides a helpful route into the issues.

Download or read book Locke s Essay Concerning Human Understanding written by William Uzgalis and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuum's Reader's Guides are clear, concise and accessible introductions to classic works of philosophy. Each book explores the major themes, historical and philosophical context and key passages of a major philosophical text, guiding the reader toward a thorough understanding of often demanding material. Ideal for undergraduate students, the guides provide an essential resource for anyone who needs to get to grips with a philosophical text. John Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding is a classic text, which laid out the basic principles of the Empiricism that was to characterise British Philosophy for centuries to come.This is a hugely important and exciting, yet challenging, piece of philosophical writing. In Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding: A Reader's Guide, Bill Uzgalis explains the philosophical background against which the book was written and the key themes inherent in the text. The book then guides the reader to a clear understanding of the text as a whole, before exploring the reception and influence of this classic philosophical work. This is the ideal companion to study of this most influential and challenging of texts.

Download or read book Explaining Knowledge written by Rodrigo Borges and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-24 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gettier Problem has shaped most of the fundamental debates in epistemology for more than fifty years. Before Edmund Gettier published his famous 1963 paper, it was generally presumed that knowledge was equivalent to true belief supported by adequate evidence. Gettier presented a powerful challenge to that presumption. This led to the development and refinement of many prominent epistemological theories, for example, defeasibility theories, causal theories, conclusive-reasons theories, tracking theories, epistemic virtue theories, and knowledge-first theories. The debate about the appropriate use of intuition to provide evidence in all areas of philosophy began as a debate about the epistemic status of the 'Gettier intuition'. The differing accounts of epistemic luck are all rooted in responses to the Gettier Problem. The discussions about the role of false beliefs in the production of knowledge are directly traceable to Gettier's paper, as are the debates between fallibilists and infallibilists. Indeed, it is fair to say that providing a satisfactory response to the Gettier Problem has become a litmus test of any adequate account of knowledge even those accounts that hold that the Gettier Problem rests on mistakes of various sorts. This volume presents a collection of essays by twenty-six experts, including some of the most influential philosophers of our time, on the various issues that arise from Gettier's challenge to the analysis of knowledge. Explaining Knowledge sets the agenda for future work on the central problem of epistemology.

Download or read book Essays from the No Happy End Workshop Bard College February 13 15 2000 written by David Kettler and published by Galda & Wilch. This book was released on 2002 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Linguistic Context sensitivity and Its Philosophical Significance written by Steven Gross and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing upon research in philosophical logic, linguistics and cognitive science, this study explores how our ability to use and understand language depends upon our capacity to keep track of complex features of the contexts in which we converse.

Download or read book Learning Personalized written by Allison Zmuda and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-10 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A real-world action plan for educators to create personalized learning experiences Learning Personalized: The Evolution of the Contemporary Classroom provides teachers, administrators, and educational leaders with a clear and practical guide to personalized learning. Written by respected teachers and leading educational consultants Allison Zmuda, Greg Curtis, and Diane Ullman, this comprehensive resource explores what personalized learning looks like, how it changes the roles and responsibilities of every stakeholder, and why it inspires innovation. The authors explain that, in order to create highly effective personalized learning experiences, a new instructional design is required that is based loosely on the traditional model of apprenticeship: learning by doing. Learning Personalized challenges educators to rethink the fundamental principles of schooling that honors students' natural willingness to play, problem solve, fail, re-imagine, and share. This groundbreaking resource: Explores the elements of personalized learning and offers a framework to achieve it Provides a roadmap for enrolling relevant stakeholders to create a personalized learning vision and reimagine new roles and responsibilities Addresses needs and provides guidance specific to the job descriptions of various types of educators, administrators, and other staff This invaluable educational resource explores a simple framework for personalized learning: co-creation, feedback, sharing, and learning that is as powerful for a teacher to re-examine classroom practice as it is for a curriculum director to reexamine the structure of courses.

Download or read book Identity Personal Identity and the Self written by John Perry and published by Hackett Publishing. This book was released on 2002-06-15 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects a number of Perry’s classic works on personal identity as well as four new pieces, The Two Faces of Identity,Persons and Information,Self-Notions and The Self, and The Sense of Identity. Perry’s Introduction puts his own work and that of others on the issues of identity and personal identity in the context of philosophical studies of mind and language over the past thirty years.

Download or read book Primary and Secondary Qualities written by Lawrence Nolan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-07 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourteen new essays trace the historical development of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, a key topic in metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of perception. The volume starts with the ancient Greeks, discusses virtually all major figures of the early modern era, and reflects on the place of the topic in philosophy today.