Download or read book Thermal Modeling of Petroleum Generation written by Colin Barker and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1996 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum exploration has always been limited by the lack of adequate subsurface control. Exploration problems are usually problems of extrapolation i.e. to greater depth, to laterally equivalent rocks, or back through time.Models are widely used as a way of describing complex geological systems so that they can be treated quantitatively and used as the basis for extrapolations and predictions. Models consider, typically, a simplified geological system that can be described mathematically. It is very important to know what simplifying assumptions have been made, when these assumptions are valid, and under what conditions their use may not be appropriate. This requires an understanding of the concepts involved in building the model and how the model operates.Models are best used as a tool for probing the system and evaluating the sensitivity of the conclusions to possible uncertainties in the values of the input parameters. In a sense, models permit experimental petroleum geochemistry and allow the user to answer the What if? questions e.g. What if the geothermal gradient had been higher in the past? What if the organic matter type had been different?This book provides students, exploration geologists, and others who would like to use the available models, with a general idea of how the models work, what they can do, and what their limitations are.It also provides the information necessary to obtain the input data required by the commercial models.

Download or read book Thermal Modelling of Petroleum Generation written by Colin Barker and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermal Modeling in Sedimentary Basins written by Jean Burrus and published by Editions TECHNIP. This book was released on 1986 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Petroleum Migration written by William A. England and published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists. This book was released on 1991 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum Migration follows petroleum from its generation in source rocks through migration to the reservoir or the surface. The book is divided into 4 parts. Part 1 deals with both the generation of petroleum by the thermal breakdown of kerogen and the expulsion of the petroleum from the source rock. Part 2 considers secondary migration: the procesess which control petroleum behaviour during its movement through relatively permeable carrier beds from the mudrock sequences, which contain source intervals, to the reservoir in the structural culmination of the carrier bed or other trap. Part 3 contains case studies which show how understanding of generation, expulsion and secondary migration can be used to explain the distribution of oil and gas in a basin and therefore, to predict the nature of the petoleum in an undrilled prospect. Part 4 examines leakage from accumulations.

Download or read book Burial Thermal and Petroleum Generation History of the Upper Cretaceous Steele Member of the Cody Shale Shannon Sandstone Bed Horizon Powder River Basin Wyoming written by Vito F. Nuccio and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary approach to research studies of sedimentary rocks and their constituents and the evolution of sedimentary basins, both ancient and modern.

Download or read book The Petroleum System written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigations about porosity in petroleum reservoir rocks are discussed by Schmoker and Gautier. Pollastro discusses the uses of clay minerals as exploration tools that help to elucidate basin, source-rock, and reservoir history. The status of fission-track analysis, which is useful for determining the thermal and depositional history of deeply buried sedimentary rocks, is outlined by Naeser. The various ways workers have attempted to determine accurate ancient and present-day subsurface temperatures are summarized with numerous references by Barker. Clayton covers three topics: (1) the role of kinetic modeling in petroleum exploration, (2) biological markers as an indicator of depositional environment of source rocks and composition of crude oils, and (3) geochemistry of sulfur in source rocks and petroleum. Anders and Hite evaluate the current status of evaporite deposits as a source for crude oil.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Basin and Petroleum Systems Modeling written by Thomas Hantschel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-09 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive presentation of methods and algorithms used in basin modeling, this text provides geoscientists and geophysicists with an in-depth view of the underlying theory and includes advanced topics such as probabilistic risk assessment methods.

Download or read book Thermal History of Sedimentary Basins written by Nancy D. Naeser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The collection of papers in this volume is a direct result of the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Research Symposium on "Thermal History of Sedimentary Basins: Methods and Case Histories" held as part of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists Annual Convention in New Orleans in March 1985. The original goal of the sym posium was to provide a forum where specialists from a variety of dis ciplines could present their views of methods that can be used to study the thermal history of a sedimentary basin or an important portion of a basin. An explicit part of that goal was to illustrate each method by presentation of a case history application. The original goal is addressed by the chapters in this volume, each of which emphasizes a somewhat different approach and gives field data in one way or another to illustrate the practical useful ness ofthe method. The significance of our relative ignorance of the thermal conductivities of sedimentary rocks, especially shales, in efforts to understand or model sedimentary basin thermal histories and maturation levels is a major thrust of the chapter by Blackwell and Steele. Creaney focuses on variations in kerogen composition in source rocks of different depositional environments and the degree to which these chem- . ically distinct kerogens respond differently to progressive burial heating.

Download or read book Temperature and Petroleum Generation History of the Wilcox Formation Louisiana written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-02-19 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-dimensional petroleum system modeling study of Paleogene source rocks in Louisiana was undertaken in order to characterize their thermal history and to establish the timing and extent of petroleum generation. The focus of the modeling study was the Paleocene and Eocene Wilcox Formation, which contains the youngest source rock interval in the Gulf Coast Province. Stratigraphic input to the models included thicknesses and ages of deposition, lithologies, amounts and ages of erosion, and ages for periods of nondeposition. Oil-generation potential of the Wilcox Formation was modeled using an initial total organic carbon of 2 weight percent and an initial hydrogen index of 261 milligrams of hydrocarbon per grams of total organic carbon. Isothermal, hydrous-pyrolysis kinetics determined experimentally was used to simulate oil generation from coal, which is the primary source of oil in Eocene rocks. Model simulations indicate that generation of oil commenced in the Wilcox Formation during a fairly wide age range, from 37 million years ago to the present day. Differences in maturity with respect to oil generation occur across the Lower Cretaceous shelf edge. Source rocks that are thermally immature and have not generated oil (depths less than about 5,000 feet) lie updip and north of the shelf edge; source rocks that have generated all of their oil and are overmature (depths greater than about 13,000 feet) are present downdip and south of the shelf edge. High rates of sediment deposition coupled with increased accommodation space at the Cretaceous shelf margin led to deep burial of Cretaceous and Tertiary source rocks and, in turn, rapid generation of petroleum and, ultimately, cracking of oil to gas.

Download or read book Thermal Methods in Petroleum Analysis written by Heinz Kopsch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exceptional book reveals the results of twelve years of extensive thermoanalytical investigations into petroleum and its products with the aid of 236 tables, 284 diagrams and 159 references. Firstly, the methods employed in obtaining thermoanalytic data, in particular thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, are presented, and the underpinning theory described. Next, the data obtained from model substances, i.e. pure hydrocarbons, is displayed; it is then explained how multicomponent hydrocarbon systems may be characterized by comparison of their data with this. Research into petroleum and its products using these methods is outlined. The reactions central to various refinery processes, tertiary oil recovery, lubricant stability testing and oil shale retorting, to name but a few examples, are investigated as are relevant pyrolysis and oxidation reactions. Finally, readers are brought up-to-date with recent developments in instrumentation, are recommended hardware and software and are provided with a list of suppliers. Scientists, engineers and technicians working on research, product characterization, process development or quality control in the oil recovery, oil refining, petrochemical, lubricant and asphalt industries will find the advice and information in this book to be of great value.

Download or read book Thermal Processing of Hydrocarbons written by Dwijen K. Banerjee and published by Pennwell Books. This book was released on 2019 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a must-read for the latest generation of scientists, engineers, and researchers in the petroleum industry. The product of over four decades of research, experience, and study by Dr. Dwijen Banerjee, who carefully preserves the history of the thermal processing of hydrocarbons, giving credit to the pioneering scientists and discoverers of the process. In this first-of-its-kind book, the author summarizes and systematically leads readers through all aspects of the thermal cracking processes from the research laboratory to the commercial applications of the petrochemical industry. Fossil fuels consist of a continuous series of hydrocarbons mainly divided into natural gas (C1-C4), conventional crude oil (C5-C40), heavy oil/bitumen (>C40). This book discusses thermal processing of hydrocarbons -- with a special emphasis on lighter hydrocarbons -- whose main source is shale gas and tight oil that's recently been made abundant through fracking technology. This book details many technical parameters involved in choosing a process when considering the type of feedstocks; operating conditions; selectivity of the desired product; the market to be targeted; and the environmental regulations to be met while also considering the economic parameters such as the investment and profit margin that govern the final choice. Features and Benefits An introduction to the basic chemistry behind thermal processing, classifications, molecular structures, kinetics and thermodynamics, free radical reaction mechanisms, and product distributions. A focus on shale gas and tight oil production, properties, and processing as important sources of petrochemicals. Emphasis on the 'petroleum to petrochemicals' which has recently transformed the petroleum industry across the globe. An illustration of conversion technologies -- how the paraffinic hydrocarbons are converted into various petrochemicals and eventually lead to the finished products. Insight into the future of hydrocarbons based on environmental issues. Audience Scientists Engineers Researchers Students

Download or read book Basin Modeling written by Kenneth E. Peters and published by AAPG. This book was released on 2012-04-20 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This special volume contains a selection of articles presented at the AAPG Hedberg Research Conference on Basin and Petroleum System Modeling (BPSM) held in Napa, California, on May 3-8, 2009."--P. 1.

Download or read book Petroleum and Basin Evolution written by Dietrich H. Welte and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been prepared by the collaborative effort of two somewhat separate technical groups: the researchers at the Institute for Petroleum and Organic Geochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jii lich (KFA), and the technical staff of Integrated Exploration Systems (IES). One of us, Donald R. Baker, from Rice University, Houston, has spent so much time at KFA as a guest scientist and researcher that it is most appropriate for him to contribute to the book. During its more than 20-year history the KFA group has made numerous and significant contributions to the understanding of petroleum evolution. The KFA researchers have emphasized both the field and laboratory approaches to such important problems as source rock recognition and evaluation, oil and gas generation, maturation of organic matter, expulsion and migration of hydrocarbons, and crude oil composition and alteration. IES Jiilich has been a leader in the development and application of numerical simulation (basin modeling) procedures. The cooperation between the two groups has resulted in a very fruitful synergy effect both in the development of modeling software and in its application. The purpose of the present volume developed out of the 1994 publication by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists of a collection of individually authored papers entitled The Petroleum System - From Source to Trap, edited by L. B. Magoon and W. G. Dow.

Download or read book Petroleum Formation and Occurrence written by B.P. Tissot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current and authoritative with many advanced concepts for petroleum geologists, geochemists, geophysicists, or engineers engaged in the search for or production of crude oil and natural gas, or interested in their habitats and the factors that control them, this book is an excellent reference. It is recommended without reservation. AAPG Bulletin.

Download or read book Crustal Heat Flow written by G. R. Beardsmore and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-08-06 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A handbook for geologists and geophysicists who manipulate thermal data; professionals researchers, and advanced students.

Download or read book Evaluating Petroleum Systems Using Advanced Geochemistry and Basin Modeling written by Meng He and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, three-dimensional (3-D) basin and petroleum system modeling of the subsurface through geological time has evolved as a major research focus of both the petroleum industry and academia. The major oil companies have independently recognized the need for basin and petroleum system modeling to archive data, facilitate visualization of risk, convert static data into dynamic processed data, and provide an approach to evaluate potential prospects in oil and gas exploration. Basin and petroleum system modeling gives geoscientists the opportunity to examine the dynamics of sedimentary basins and their associated fluids to determine if past conditions were suitable for hydrocarbons to fill potential reservoirs and be preserved there. The success of any exploration campaign requires basin and petroleum system modeling as a methodology to predict the likelihood of success given available data and associated uncertainties. It is not guaranteed that hydrocarbons will be found by drilling a closed subsurface structure. Early petroleum system studies began more than 50 years ago. Geoscientists seek to describe how basins form, fill and deform, focusing mainly on compacting sediments and the resulting rock structures. Since then, tremendous efforts have been concentrated on developing methods to model these geological processes quantitatively. Studies such as applying mathematical algorithms to seismic, stratigraphic, palentologic, petrophysical data, and well logs were employed to reconstruct the evolution of sedimentary basins. In the early 1970s, geochemists developed methods to predict the petroleum generation potentials of source rocks in quantitative terms. After that, they began to use sedimentary basin models as geological frameworks for correlations between hydrocarbons and their potential source rocks. Since then, many concepts have been widely used in the petroleum industry, such as oil system, hydrocarbon system, hydrocarbon machine, and petroleum system. The term "petroleum system" is now commonly used in the industry. A petroleum system comprises a pod of active source rock and the oil and gas derived from it as established by geochemical correlation. The concept embodies all of the geologic elements and processes needed for oil and gas to accumulate. The essential elements include effective source rock, reservoir, seal and overburden rock. The processes include trap formation and the generation, migration and accumulation of petroleum. These elements and processes must occur in a proper order for the organic matter in a source rock to be converted into petroleum and then preserved. Absence of any of those elements can cause a dry prospect. In this dissertation, we use "basin and petroleum system modeling" (BPSM) as a method to track the evolution of a basin through geological time as it fills with sediments that could generate or contain hydrocarbons. We could also use it to evaluate and predict undiscovered conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources and to further understand the controls on petroleum generation, migration, accumulation. In deterministic forward modeling, basin and petroleum system processes are modeled from past to present using inferred starting conditions. Basin and petroleum system modeling is analogous to a reservoir simulation, but BPSM represents dynamic simulation through geological time. All of the dynamic processes in the basin and petroleum system modeling can be examined at several levels, and complexity typically increases with spatial dimensionality. The simplest is 1D modeling which examines burial history at a point location in a pseudowell. Two-dimensional modeling can be used to reconstruct oil and gas generation, migration and accumulation along a cross section. Three-dimensional modeling reconstructs petroleum systems at reservoir and basin scales and has the ability to display the output in 1D, 2D or 3D and through time. In general, which modeling approach is chosen depends on the purpose of the study and the types of problems to be resolved. Basin and petroleum system modeling continues to grow in importance as a tool to understand subsurface geology and basin evolution by integrating key aspects from geochemistry, geology, geophysics and stratigraphy. Among the above key aspects, geochemistry is the most important tool to understand the processes affecting petroleum systems. Better understanding of petroleum systems improves exploration efficiency. The first step in identifying petroleum systems is to characterize and map the geographic distribution of oil and gas types. Geochemical tools such as biomarkers, diamondoids and carbon isotope analysis are used to conduct oil-oil and oil-source correlation, which is key to understand and determine the geographic extent of petroleum systems in the basin. Chapter 1 offers a good example of how basin and petroleum system modeling and geochemistry improve understanding of active petroleum systems in the San Joaquin Basin, California. The modeling results indicate that there could be a deep, previously unrecognized source rock in the study area. Chapter 2 is a detailed unconventional geochemical analysis (i.e., diamondoid analysis, compound-specific isotopes of biomarkers and diamondoids) on petroleum systems in Arctic (Barents Sea and northern Timan Pechora Basin) to investigate deep sources in that area. Cutting-edge geochemical analyses were conducted in this project to identify the oil-oil and oil-source relationships and further understand reservoir filling histories and migration pathways. Since the deep source is at a great depth, thermal cracking always occurred in the source or the deeply buried reservoir, thus generating light hydrocarbons and gas. In addition, we hope to better understand the geochemical characteristics of worldwide Phanerozoic source rocks (Paleozoic source rock in Barents Sea-Timan Pechora area, Mesozoic and Cenozoic source rocks in the Vallecitos syncline in San Joaquin Basin). These results could also provide valuable input data for building basin and petroleum system models in the Arctic area once more data become available. Chapter 1 is a study of using basin modeling and geochemical analysis to evaluate the active source rocks in the Vallecitos syncline, San Joaquin Basin, and improve our understanding of burial history and the timing of hydrocarbon generation. Our earlier 1D modeling indicated that there could be two active source rocks in the syncline: Eocene Kreyenhagen and Cretaceous Moreno formations. The results differ from earlier interpretations that the Kreyenhagen Formation was the only source rock in the Vallecitos syncline, and suggest that the bottom of the Cretaceous Moreno Formation in the syncline reached thermal maturity as early as 42 Ma. The synclinal Eocene Kreyenhagen Formation became thermally mature as early as 19 Ma. Thick (~2 km) overburden rock in the central part of the syncline with additional heating from a thermal anomaly pushed the shallow Eocene Kreyenhagen source rock into the oil window in very recent times. In contrast, the Cretaceous Moreno source rock reached extremely high maturity (past the dry gas window). The 2D model results indicate that the bottom part of the Kreyenhagen Formation is in the mature stage of hydrocarbon generation and that the formation remains immature on the flanks of the present-day syncline. In contrast, the bottom part of the Moreno Formation achieved the gas generation zone and is in the oil generation zone on the flanks of the syncline. Biomarker analysis was conducted on 22 oil samples from the syncline. Source-related biomarkers show two genetic groups, which originated from two different source rocks. The 2D model results are supported by biomarker geochemistry and are also consistent with our earlier 1D burial history model in the Vallecitos syncline. In addition, we identified two potential petroleum systems in the Vallecitos syncline. The basin models for this study were conducted by me and Stephan Graham, Allegra Hosford Scheirer, Carolyn Lampe, Leslie Magoon. The detailed geological data was provided by Stephan Graham. The modeling related references and fundamental data were provided by Allegra Hosford Scheirer, but I conducted the modeling. The geochemical laboratory work and data analysis has been completed by me and supervised by Mike Moldowan and Kenneth Peters. The funding for this project was contributed by Basin and Petroleum System Modeling (BPSM) and molecular organic geochemistry industrial affiliates (MOGIA) programs. This chapter was submitted to Marine and Petroleum Geology with co-authors Stephan Graham, Allegra Hosford Scheirer and Kenneth Peters. All co-authors contributed important ideas, discussion, and guidance. Chapter 2 documents the existing deep source in the Barents Sea and northern Timan-Pechora Basin. Total thirty-four oil samples were analyzed to understand the types and distributions of effective source rocks and evaluate the geographic extent of the petroleum systems in the study area. Taxon-specific, age-related and source--related biomarkers and isotope data provided information on the depositional environment of the source rock, source input, and source age of the oil samples. A relationship between biomarker and diamondoid concentration was used to identify mixed oils having both oil-window and highly cracked components. Compound-specific isotope analyses of diamondoids and n-alkanes were used to deconvolute co-sourced oils and identify deep source rocks in the basin. The results suggest five major source rocks in the Barents Sea and the northern Timan-Pechora Basin: Upper Jurassic shale, Lower-Middle Jurassic shale, Triassic carbonate/shale, Devonian marl and Devonian carbonate. The Upper and Lower-Middle Jurassic source rocks are dominant in the Barents Sea. Triassic source rock consists of carbonate in the ons ...

Download or read book Global Chemical Kinetics of Fossil Fuels written by Alan K. Burnham and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-11 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the origin and chemical structure of sedimentary organic matter, how that structure relates to appropriate chemical reaction models, how to obtain reaction data uncontaminated by heat and mass transfer, and how to convert that data into global kinetic models that extrapolate over wide temperature ranges. It also shows applications for in-situ and above-ground processing of oil shale, coal and other heavy fossil fuels. It is essential reading for anyone who wants to develop and apply reliable chemical kinetic models for natural petroleum formation and fossil fuel processing and is designed for course use in petroleum systems modelling. Problem sets, examples and case studies are included to aid in teaching and learning. It presents original work and contains an extensive reanalysis of data from the literature.