Download or read book Thermal Decomposition Pathways in Nitramine Propellants written by Frank J. Lovas and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermal Decomposition Pathways in Nitramine Propellants written by Frank J. Lovas and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermal Decomposition Mechanisms of Nitramine Propellants written by Tod Robert Botcher and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Critical Analysis of Nitramine Decomposition Data written by Michael A. Schroeder and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is currently considerable interest in the use of nitramine oxidizers in gun and rocket propellants due to their desirable properties, such as absence of noxious combustion products, high specific impulse and impetus, and thermal stability. The most commonly used nitramine oxidizers are RDX (also known by such names as hexogen or cyclonite) and HMX. (Octogen). A literature review is presented, on kinetic parameters for thermal decomposition of HMX and RDX in the homogeneous vapor, liquid, and dissolved states. The decomposition apparently fits first-order kinetics, and suggested values for Arrhenius parameters for HMX and RDX decomposition in the gaseous and liquid phases, and for decomposition of RDX in solution in TNT are given. The possible importance of autocatalysis is pointed out as are some possible complications that may be encountered in interpreting, extending or extrapolating kinetic data for these compounds from measurements carried out below their melting points to the higher temperatures and pressures characteristic of combustion. The mechanistic implications of the activation energies and frequency factors are discussed. Keywords: Statistical analysis; Vapor phase decomposition; Neat liquid.
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanisms of Thermal Decomposition of Nitramine Explosives written by Weiyi Zheng and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Borohydride Catalysis of Nitramine Thermal Decomposition and Combustion 3 Literature Review and Wrap Up Discussion of Possible Chemical Mechanisms written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is a summary of observations and possible chemical mechanisms for catalysis of the decomposition and combustion of the nitramines HMX and RDX, and of propellants derived from them, by salts containing these anions is reviewed, as is available information on the effects of these salts on decomposition and combustion of HMX and RDX. The emphasis is on thermal decomposition and on salts with alkali metal anions. The pure salts appear stable under vacuum or inert gas to about 700-800 C, but there is a report of H2 evolution lower temperatures (ca 300-600 C, depending on the nature of the salt) is observed. When the salts are heated together with RDX, considerable enhancement of the decomposition rate of RDX is observed; this begins at the melting temperature of pure RDX and becomes intense, leading to a lower, mush sharper decomposition exotherm. These observations seem consistent with a catalysis mechanism involving attack of the B-H hydrogens of the catalyst on the nitramine, but it is difficult to evaluate the role of other processes, and of reaction of the catalyst with products.
Download or read book Borohydride Catalysis of Nitramine Thermal Decomposition and Combustion written by Michael A. Schroeder and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemistry of the Burning Surface written by Thomas B. Brill and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project was to identify the dominant thermal decomposition and secondary reaction pathways that exist in the surface zone of a burning propellant. T-jump/FTIR spectroscopy and SMATCH/FTIR spectroscopy are new diagnostic techniques that were designed for this project. They enable a film of material to be heated at a high rate in such a manner as to simulate a thin volume element of the surface during combustion. The semiglobal thermal decomposition reactions and the first strongly exothermic secondary reaction of important oxidizers and monopropellants were identified. The compounds studied were nitramine (CL-20, HMX, RDX, DNNC), ammonium salts (AP, AN, ADN), and azide polymers (GAP, BAMO).
Download or read book Poverty in Vanuatu written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemistry of the Burning Surface written by Thomas B. Brill and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project was to identify the dominant thermal decomposition and secondary reaction pathways that exist in the surface zone of a burning propellant. T-jump/FTIR spectroscopy and SMATCH/FTIR spectroscopy are new diagnostic techniques that were designed for this project. They enable a film of material to be heated at a high rate in such a manner as to simulate a thin volume element of the surface during combustion. The semiglobal thermal decomposition reactions and the first strongly exothermic secondary reaction of important oxidizers and monopropellants were identified. The compounds studied were nitramine (CL-20, HMX, RDX, DNNC), ammonium salts (AP, AN, ADN), and azide polymers (GAP, BAMO).
Download or read book Energetic Materials written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-11-25 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview of current research and recent advances in the area of energetic materials, focusing on decomposition, crystal and molecular properties. The contents and format reflect the fact that theory, experiment and computation are closely linked in this field. Since chemical decomposition is of fundamental importance in energetic performance, this volume begins with a survey of the decomposition processes of a variety of energetic compounds. This is followed by detailed studies of certain compounds and specific mechanisms, such as nitro/aci-nitro tautomerism. Chapter 6 covers the transition from decomposition to crystal properties, with molecular dynamics being the primary analytical tool. The next several chapters deal with different aspects of the crystalline state, again moving from the general to particular. There is also a discussion of methods for computing gas, liquid and solid phase heats of formation. Finally, the last portion of this volume looks at the potential of high-nitrogen molecules as energetic systems; this has been of considerable interest in recent years.Overall, this volume illustrates the progress that has been made in the field of energetic materials and some of the areas of current activity. It also indicates the challenges involved in characterizing and understanding the properties and behaviour of these compounds. The work is a unique state-of-the-art treatment of the subject, written by pre-eminent researchers in the field. - Overall emphasis is on theory and computation, presented in the context of relevant experimental work- Presents a unique state-of-the-art treatment of the subject- Contributors are preeminent researchers in the field
Download or read book Chemical Kinetic Investigation of the Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials written by Tanusree Chatterjee and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energetic materials such as propellants which are burned to produce thrust in applications like guns, rockets/space propulsion systems, automobile air bags and ejection seats of airplanes, play a critical role in meeting the performance and safety requirements by generating high pressure within a short duration of time. Propellants used in practical applications, generally consists of two or more energetic ingredients. To ensure that the above-mentioned devices are well designed, it is critical to understand the thermal decomposition (or combustion) behavior of energetic ingredients that comprise the propellants. It is also of paramount importance to understand the chemistry involved during decomposition of these energetic ingredients which will enable a knowledge-based improvement and engineering of propellants. In this dissertation using synergistic application of experimental and computational methods, three different energetic materials are studied: Ammonia borane (AB); Ammonium perchlorate (AP) and HMX-TAGzT. Ammonia borane (AB) is a hypergolic rocket fuel used in liquid propellants and a potential hydrogen storage medium. Although several studies have been undertaken over the years to understand the chemical kinetics involved during AB decomposition, it is still not well understood. The reaction pathways developed so far are primarily based on the experimental observations of a limited set of chemical species and there exists no consensus. In this work, a detailed AB reaction mechanism was developed using thermolysis experiments and quantum mechanics (QM) calculations to explain the formation of species observed during experiments, reconciling the existing conflicts regarding the initiation step, as well as the pathways of H2 formation during decomposition. The developed reaction mechanism not only explains the experimental observations, but also provides information which are difficult to obtain only by performing experiments. Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is one of the most common oxidizers used in solid composite propellant. Owing to high-pressure deflagration limit (PDL) and very fine structure of AP flame, minimal amount of experimental data is available till today. Hence, numerical simulations play critical role in order to understand the combustion phenomenon of AP monopropellants. Although existing combustion models use detailed reaction mechanism for gas phase, chemical kinetics involved in AP melt layer or condensed phase is still modeled using global/semi-global reactions which is one of the major stumbling blocks in modeling AP combustion. In this work, a liquid phase reaction mechanism for perchloric acid (HClO4) decomposition is proposed based on QM calculations. HClO4 which is one of the primary sublimation products of AP is experimentally observed during the ignition and combustion of AP (NH4C1O4)-containing solid propellants in both gas and condensed phase. Hence, this work can be viewed as a first step towards development of detailed liquid-phase reaction mechanism for AP combustion modeling. HMX is a nitramine-based high-explosive fuel which is often used in solid composite propellants to increase energy output and TAgzT is commonly used as burn rate enhancer for nitramine-based propellants. Although significant amount of work has been done to understand the thermal decomposition behavior of HMX and TAGzT as a monopropellant, the interaction of these two energetic materials was not studied previously. In this work, using thermolysis experiments (TGA/DSC coupled with FTIR spectroscopy), thermal decomposition characteristics of HMX-TAGzT mixtures at low and moderate temperatures (373-673 K) using low heating rates (
Download or read book Decomposition Combustion and Detonation Chemistry of Energetic Materials written by Thomas B. Brill and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energetic materials are distinguished from other materials primarily by the fact that rapid, exothermic reactions can be induced with the release of gaseous products. This complex phenomenon cuts across many boundaries of chemistry (synthesis, kinetics, thermodynamics, spectroscopy, quantum and molecular dynamics calculations, etc.) and engineering physics (shock and detonation waves, hydrodynamics, fracture and solid mechanics, defects, etc.). This volume offers the latest chemistry advancements in understanding the complex dynamic processes in these materials in the condensed phase. The focus is on fundamental research into the rates and pathways of rapid exothermic reactions, product specification, diagnostic methods, molecular processes of energy transfer, and molecular processes at extreme pressure and temperature. Many novel materials are discussed.
Download or read book Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Catalog written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemistry and Physics of Energetic Materials written by S.N. Bulusu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a collection of lectures presented at the NATO Advanced study Institute(ASI) on "Chemistry & Physics of the Molecular Processes in Energetic Materials", held at Hotel Torre Normanna, Altavilla Milicia, Sicily, Italy, September 3 to 15, 1989. The institute was attended by seventy participants including twenty lecturers, drawn from thirteen countries. The purpose of the institute was to review the major ad vances made in recent years in the theoretical and experi mental aspects of explosives and propellants. In accordance with the format of the NATO ASI, it was arranged to have a relatively small number of speakers to present in depth, re view type lectures emphasizing the basic research aspects of the subject, over a two week period. Most of the speakers gave two lectures, each in excess of one hour with addition al time for discussions. The scope of the meeting was limit ed to molecular and spectroscopic studies since the hydro dynamic aspects of detonation and various performance crite ria of energetic materials are often covered adequately in other international meetings. An attempt was made to have a coherent presentation of various theoretical, computational and spectroscopic approaches to help a better understanding of energetic materials from a molecular point of view. The progress already made in these areas is such that structure property (e. g.
Download or read book Research in Progress written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Detection and Disposal of Improvised Explosives written by Hiltmar Schubert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-02 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects lectures of an international NATO-Russian Advanced Research Workshop on Detection and Disposal of Improvised Explosives (IE) used by terrorists. The disposal of IE is especially dangerous, because they are often much more unstable and mechanically more sensitive than commercial or military explosives. This text covers detection of explosives by different analytical methods and the different shape and compositions of the explosive charge, and offers up-to-date advice on handling and disposal.
