Download or read book Therapeutic Targeting of Tumor Associated Macrophages written by Stephanie Kaye Watkins and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous studies on the mechanistic induction of anti-tumor responses by IL-12 cytokine therapy have focused on the adaptive immune response, specifically the activation NK cells and T cells as the primary targets of IL-12 treatment. In contrast, little attention has been given to the potential role of macrophages in the initiation of anti-tumor responses by IL-12 therapy despite reports that macrophages play a major role in promoting tumor growth and metastasis and in suppressing anti-tumor immune responses. Based on the functional adaptivity hypothesis, which is the concept that macrophages functionally adapt, rather than differentiate into specific mature subsets, in response to environmental stimuli, we hypothesized that tumor infiltrating (TIMs) as well as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) could be converted from tumor supportive activities to pro-immunogenic activities by IL-12 therapy. We examined the functional activities displayed by TIMs and TAMs after treatment with IL-12. Our data demonstrate (1) that tumor cells and tumor exosomes activate TIMs and TAMs by cell-contact dependent mechanisms involving ligation of CD40 and/or NKG2D, (2) that IL-12 treatment both in vivo and in vitro induces a rapid reduction of tumor supportive activities and a concomitant increase in pro-inflammatory activities in TIMs as well as TAMs, (3) that IL-12 induces a rapid release of cytoplasmic IL-I5 from the in situ activated tumor associated macrophages and (4) the release of IL-15 in essential to the recruitment of lymphocytes to the tumor and the metastatic lung, and to the destruction of the tumor and clearance of metastasis. It is concluded that macrophages in the tumor environment are activated and functionally modulated by the tumor. TIMs and TAMs respond to IL-12 treatment by rapidly converting from suppressive, tumor supportive activities to inflammatory, pro-immunogenic activities. Tumor associated macrophages thus are a critical target of IL-12 therapy and may orchestrate the subsequent NK and T cell cytotoxic response against the tumor.

Download or read book Approaching Complex Diseases written by Mariano Bizzarri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-17 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume – for pharmacologists, systems biologists, philosophers and historians of medicine – points to investigate new avenues in pharmacology research, by providing a full assessment of the premises underlying a radical shift in the pharmacology paradigm. The pharmaceutical industry is currently facing unparalleled challenges in developing innovative drugs. While drug-developing scientists in the 1990s mostly welcomed the transformation into a target-based approach, two decades of experience shows that this model is failing to boost both drug discovery and efficiency. Selected targets were often not druggable and with poor disease linkage, leading to either high toxicity or poor efficacy. Therefore, a profound rethinking of the current paradigm is needed. Advances in systems biology are revealing a phenotypic robustness and a network structure that strongly suggest that exquisitely selective compounds, compared with multitarget drugs, may exhibit lower than desired clinical efficacy. This appreciation of the role of polypharmacology has significant implications for tackling the two major sources of attrition in drug development, efficacy and toxicity. Integrating network biology and polypharmacology holds the promise of expanding the current opportunity space for druggable targets.

Download or read book Therapeutic targeting Of MDSC in the tumor and immune microenvironment written by Erika Adriana Eksioglu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-12-18 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Metastasis written by Gregory Bock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1988 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international group of researchers addresses basic mechanism involved in the metastatic spread of tumors and considers new methods of prevention and treatment. Compares behavior of normal and abnormal cells, with emphasis on cell surface mechanisms--especially invasive processes--and inhibitors that might prevent metastasis. Also discusses determination of the metastatic genotype, the role of the immune system, and reduction of metastasis via liposome-activated macrophages.

Download or read book Regional Chemotherapy written by Maurie Markman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-01-02 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maurie Markman and a panel of distinguished clinicians and leading clinical investigators comprehensively review the current status of regional antineoplastic drug delivery in the management of malignant disease. These authorities present a critical analysis of both the rationale and limitations of regional therapy and discuss potential clinical trials designed to explain the effectiveness of this method of therapy in special settings. Their presentations describe many exciting and innovative strategies for using regional drug delivery in anticancer therapy, including coverage of such areas of special interest as colorectal, skin, lung, pancreatic, ovarian, and gastrointestinal cancers. Comprehensive and authoritative, Regional Chemotherapy: Clinical Research and Practice offers surgical and medical oncologists and clinical cancer investigators a gold-standard review of the current role and future development of this increasingly powerful weapon in the battle against cancer.

Download or read book The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism written by Anne Le and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies.

Download or read book Development and Optimization of Peptide based Tumor associated Macrophage TAM targeting Therapeutics written by Chayanon Ngambenjawong and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and is a subject of intense research worldwide. Within the past few decades, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as an important arm of cancer therapies following the prominent success of immune checkpoint blockade therapies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies. While the first wave of cancer immunotherapy focuses on an adaptive immunity (T cells), a fruitful opportunity exists to modulate an innate immunity for anti-cancer therapies. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most studied innate immune populations due to their abundance in tumor microenvironment. In most tumors, the majority of TAMs expresses M2-like phenotypes and supports pro-tumoral functions, whereas the minority expresses M1-like phenotypes with anti-tumoral functions. Several investigational pre-clinical strategies to modulate TAMs, either depleting them or stimulating their tumoricidal functions, are delivering promising results with high translational potential. Chapter 1 provides a review on the current update in TAM-targeted therapeutics. To potentiate the reported TAM-modulating agents, several TAM-targeted drug delivery systems are being developed by us and others. This thesis focuses on optimization of the active targeting ligand (M2pep) previously shown to bind to M2 macrophages and M2-like TAMs. Chapter 2 explores synthesis and evaluation of targeting avidity of divalent and tetravalent M2pep, as well as the effect of ratiometric display of M2pep versus therapeutic cargo in regard to therapeutic selectivity. Chapter 3 and 4 report affinity and serum stability optimization of M2pep via amino acid sequence modifications and peptide macrocyclization. Rationalizing further M2pep optimization based on the context of acidic tumor microenvironment, Chapter 5 demonstrates the development of low pH-responsive M2pep. Chapter 6 further elaborates the development of multivalent M2pep utilizing a biocompatible polymer to confer both enhanced avidity and serum stability. Finally, chapter 7 concludes the major findings and provides recommendations for future optimization in regard to human translation.

Download or read book Macrophages written by Hridayesh Prakash and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-02-24 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of chapters that discuss methodologies, resources, and technologies by dedicated authors. This book has addressed the significance of macrophages in infectious disease, tumor metabolism, and muscular disorders. All chapters have focused on the fate of differentiated macrophages and discussed molecular pathways that are important for the pathologic role of macrophages. I am confident that our readers will find this book useful in designing immune mediated strategies for managing various diseases that this book is based on.

Download or read book The role of tumor associated macrophages in tumor progression written by Bernd Kaina and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-01 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Targeting Tumor Associated Macrophages an Immunotherapeutic Approach for the Regulation of EMT for Both Pancreatic and Prostate Cancers written by Abisola Abisoye-Ogunniyan (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inflammation and Angiogenesis written by Domenico Ribatti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is focused on the analysis of the role played by immune cell components in the angiogenic process associated with inflammation and tumor growth. Both innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in the mechanisms of endothelial cell proliferation, migration and activation, through the production and release of a large spectrum of pro-angiogenic mediators. These may create the specific microenvironment that favors an increased rate of tissue vascularization. The link between chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis was first proposed by Rudolf Virchow in 1863 after the observation that infiltrating leukocytes are a hallmark of tumors and first established a causative connection between the lymph reticular infiltrate at sites of chronic inflammation and the development of cancer. Tumors were described as wounds that never heal and surgeons have long described the tendency of tumors to recur in healing resection margin and it has been reported that wound healing environment provides an opportunistic matrix for tumor growth. As angiogenesis is the result of a net balance between the activities exerted by positive and negative regulators, this book will also provide information on some anti-angiogenic properties of immune cells that may be utilized for a potential pharmacological use as anti-angiogenic agents in inflammation as well as in cancer. The work is written for researchers in the field and also for graduate students which approach this matter.

Download or read book Translocator Protein TSPO written by Giovanni Natile and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-03-05 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Translocator Protein (TSPO)" that was published in IJMS

Download or read book Inflammation and Cancer written by Bharat B. Aggarwal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines in detail the role of chronic inflammatory processes in the development of several types of cancer. Leading experts describe the latest results of molecular and cellular research on infection, cancer-related inflammation and tumorigenesis. Further, the clinical significance of these findings in preventing cancer progression and approaches to treating the diseases are discussed. Individual chapters cover cancer of the lung, colon, breast, brain, head and neck, pancreas, prostate, bladder, kidney, liver, cervix and skin as well as gastric cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma.

Download or read book Tumour Associated Macrophages written by Toby Lawrence and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-06 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of Tumour-Associated Macrophages is of interest in the cancer research community, and this book promises to be among the first to discuss a definitive theory on the role of macrophage in tumor development.

Download or read book Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy written by Robert C. Rees and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tumor immunology and immunotherapy provides a comprehensive account of cancer immunity and immunotherapy. Examining recent results, current areas of interest and the specific issues that are affecting the research and development of vaccines, this book provides insight into how these problems may be overcome as viewed by leaders in the field.

Download or read book Immunity in Infective Diseases written by Elie Metchnikoff and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Targeted Regulation and Cellular Imaging of Tumor Associated Macrophages in Triple Negative Breast Cancer written by Wadih Arap and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complex interplay between immune cells and tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) can lead to disease progression. Specifically, signals generated in the TME can cause immunosuppression, promoting angiogenesis and immune evasion, which leads to tumor development. The interplay of M1 and M2 macrophage populations that coincide with these tumor markers is particularly important in the TME. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) often presents as advanced disease, and these tumors are also often bereft of recognized molecular targets that can be found in other subtypes, limiting their therapeutic options. However, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration in TNBC is frequently observed. Moreover, a high density of TAMs, particularly M2 macrophages, is associated with poorer outcomes in various cancers, including TNBC. This provides a strong basis for exploiting TAMs as potential therapeutic targets. Specifically, efforts to increase M2 to M1 repolarization are promising therapeutic approaches in TNBC, and four recent studies wherein divergent approaches to target the M2-rich macrophage population and reverse immune subversion are described. These and similar efforts may yield promising diagnostic or therapeutic options for TNBC, a great clinical need.