Download or read book Theory of the optical properties of lake ice written by P.C. MULLEN and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrologic Optics Introduction written by Rudolph W Preisendorfer and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Properties of Small Ice Crystals with Black Carbon Inclusions written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ice Physics written by Peter Victor Hobbs and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1974 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive account in which emphasis is placed on the basic physical properties of ice (electrical, optical, mechanical and thermal), the modes of nucleation and growth of ice, and teh interpretation of these phenomena in terms of molecular growth.
Download or read book A Study of the Optical Properties of Ice Crystals with Black Carbon Inclusions written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report focu ses on the modification of the optical properties of ice crystals due to atmospheric black car bon (BC) contamination : the objective is to advance the predictive capabilities of climate models through an improved understanding of the radiative properties of compound particles . The shape of the ice crystal (as commonly found in cirrus clouds and cont rails), the volume fraction of the BC inclusion, and its location inside the crystal are the three factors examined in this study. In the multiscale description of this problem, where a small absorbing inclusion modifies the optical properties of a much la rger non - absorbing particle, state - of - the - art discretization techniques are combined to provide the best compromise of flexibility and accuracy over a broad range of sizes.
Download or read book Freezing of Lakes and the Evolution of Their Ice Cover written by Matti Leppäranta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-05 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book updates the first edition for the status of knowledge in the physics of lake ice and the interactions between the ice cover and the liquid water underneath. Since the first edition was written in 2013, there has been a lot of progress in the field, in particular concerning environmental questions and the impact of climate change. Life conditions in ice-covered lakes and practical matters are now brought more into the picture so that the revision also properly serves as a handbook for applications. The author has worked widely with boreal lakes, polar lakes and Central Asian lakes that provides a wide geographical spectrum. Chapter 1 gives a brief overview and presents the research fields. The second chapter contains the classification of ice-covered lakes and observation techniques, especially remote sensing. In Chapter 3, the structure and properties of lake ice are presented including optics and geochemistry. Ice growth and melting are treated in Chapter 4, while the following chapter focuses on ice mechanics with applications to traffic on ice and ice loads. Chapter 6 goes into the exotic environment of pro-glacial lakes. Chapter 7 contains the stratification and circulation of the water body beneath lake ice, Chapter 8 presents the winter ecology of freezing lakes and discusses the lake ice interface toward the society, and Chapter 9 summarizes the climate change impact on lake ice seasons. The book ends into a brief closing chapter and list of references. Research problems for student learning are listed throughout the book. Annexes are included to provide numerical data of constants and standard formulae to help practical calculations and student tasks. Lake ice closely interacts with human living conditions, but people have learnt to live with that and to utilize the ice. In the present time this is true for on-ice traffic and recreation activities. Ice fishing has become a widely enjoyed hobby, and winter sports such as skiing, skating, and ice sailing are popular activities on frozen lakes. The lake ice response to eventual climate warming would appear as a shortening of the ice season due to the increasing air temperature and also as changing of the quality of the ice seasons via changes in ice thickness and structure. The book gives the whole story of lake ice into a single volume. The second, revised edition updates the content based on recent progress in winter limnology and ice physics research and applications. The author has contributed to lake ice research since the 1980s. In particular, his topics have been lake ice structure and thermodynamics, light transfer in ice and snow, ice mechanics in large lakes, and lake ice climatology. Mathematical modeling of ice growth, drift, and decay are covered in this research.
Download or read book The Theory of the Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Materials written by Alexander Rawson Stokes and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Optical Properties of Lake Pend Oreille written by J. E. Tyler and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chemical Physics of Ice written by N. H. Fletcher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1970-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1970, this book gives a comprehensive account of the properties of ice, the connections between them and the way in which they derive from the structure of the water molecule and the small mass of the proton. The properties are discussed in terms of quantum mechanics and solid state theory with emphasis on physical principles rather than on theoretical models. The book is intended as an exemplification of the principles of chemical physics for beginning graduate students in physics of physical chemistry and as a text and reference book on the properties of ice for research workers in glaciology, cloud physics, meteorology and associated fields. Although the author assumes a familiarity with fundamental physics, he has taken some trouble to make his account self-contained by reference to the underlying principles in every case or by more detailed discussion where the application is not a standard one.
Download or read book Cold Regions Science and Engineering Monograph 2 Section C2a The Physics of Ice written by John W. Glen and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The monograph summarizes existing knowledge of the physics of ice. It covers the crystalline structure of ice including defects in structure, polycrystalline ice and grain boundaries, electrical properties of ice, thermal properties of ice, propagation of electromagnetic waves in ice and optical properties of ice, nucleation and growth of ice crystals, melting and evaporation of ice, and surface properties of ice. It also includes a comprehensive bibliography. (Author).
Download or read book Laboratory Studies of Water Ice in Space written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Theory of the Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Materials Etc written by Alexander Rawson Stokes and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Theory of the Dielectric Properties of Ice written by John Anthony Schellman and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Freezing of Lakes and the Evolution of Their Ice Cover written by Matti Leppäranta and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book updates the first edition for the status of knowledge in the physics of lake ice and the interactions between the ice cover and the liquid water underneath. Since the first edition was written in 2013, there has been a lot of progress in the field, in particular concerning environmental questions and the impact of climate change. Life conditions in ice-covered lakes and practical matters are now brought more into the picture so that the revision also properly serves as a handbook for applications. The author has worked widely with boreal lakes, polar lakes and Central Asian lakes that provides a wide geographical spectrum. Chapter 1 gives a brief overview and presents the research fields. The second chapter contains the classification of ice-covered lakes and observation techniques, especially remote sensing. In Chapter 3, the structure and properties of lake ice are presented including optics and geochemistry. Ice growth and melting are treated in Chapter 4, while the following chapter focuses on ice mechanics with applications to traffic on ice and ice loads. Chapter 6 goes into the exotic environment of pro-glacial lakes. Chapter 7 contains the stratification and circulation of the water body beneath lake ice, Chapter 8 presents the winter ecology of freezing lakes and discusses the lake ice interface toward the society, and Chapter 9 summarizes the climate change impact on lake ice seasons. The book ends into a brief closing chapter and list of references. Research problems for student learning are listed throughout the book. Annexes are included to provide numerical data of constants and standard formulae to help practical calculations and student tasks. Lake ice closely interacts with human living conditions, but people have learnt to live with that and to utilize the ice. In the present time this is true for on-ice traffic and recreation activities. Ice fishing has become a widely enjoyed hobby, and winter sports such as skiing, skating, and ice sailing are popular activities on frozen lakes. The lake ice response to eventual climate warming would appear as a shortening of the ice season due to the increasing air temperature and also as changing of the quality of the ice seasons via changes in ice thickness and structure. The book gives the whole story of lake ice into a single volume. The second, revised edition updates the content based on recent progress in winter limnology and ice physics research and applications. The author has contributed to lake ice research since the 1980s. In particular, his topics have been lake ice structure and thermodynamics, light transfer in ice and snow, ice mechanics in large lakes, and lake ice climatology. Mathematical modeling of ice growth, drift, and decay are covered in this research.
Download or read book Measurements and Properties of Ice Particles and Carbon Dioxide Bubbles in Aqueous Mixture Utilizing Optical Techniques written by Amadou O. Diallo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical techniques are used to determine the size, shape and many other properties of particles ranging from the micro to a nano-level. These techniques have endless applications. This research is based on a project assigned by a "Vendor" that wants anonymity. The Leica optical microscope and the Dark Field Polarizing Metallurgical Microscope is used to determine the size and count of ice crystals (Vendors products) in multiple time frames. Since the ice temperature influences, its symmetry and the shape is subject to changes at room temperature (300 K) and the atmospheric pressure that is exerted on the ice crystals varies. The ice crystals are in a mixture of water, electrolytes and carbon dioxide with the optical spectroscopy (Qpod2) and Spectra suite, the optical density of the ice crystals is established from the absorbance and transmission measurements. The optical density in this case is also referred to as absorption; it is plotted with respect to a frequency (GHz), wavelength (nm) or Raman shift (1/cm) which shows the light colliding with the ice particles and CO2. Depending on the peaks positions, it is possible to profile the ice crystal sizes using a mean distribution plots. The region of absorbency wavelength expected for the ice is in the visible range; the water molecules in the (UV) Ultra-violet range and the CO2 in the (IR) infrared region. It is also possible to obtain the reflection and transmission output as a percentage change with the wavelengths ranging from 200 to 1100 nm. The refractive index of the ice can be correlated to the density based on the optical acoustic theorem, or Mie Scattering Theory. The viscosity of the ice crystals and the solutions from which the ice crystals are made of as well are recorded with the SV-10 viscometer. The baseline viscosity is used as reference and set lower than that of the ice crystals. The Zeta potential of the particles present in the mixture are approximated by first finding the viscosity of the solution where the pH level contribute to the surface charges, afterward use Stoke's diameter to compute the settling velocity of the bubbles, or alternatively record it under the microscope. With those parameters in hand the surface charge of the bubble (zeta potential) is approximated.
Download or read book Scattering Properties of Oriented Hexagonal Ice Crystals written by Feng Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To interpret the data from spaceborn lidar measurements, one must have a basic understanding of the backscattering of oriented ice particles. The conventional raytracing method is not applicable to the scattering of light by oriented particles. In this study, the dipole approximation (DDA) method is employed to the scattering of light on oriented hexagonal ice columns and plates with various tilting angles. It is found that the oriented hexagonal ice particles tend to have strong backscattering intensity with low depolarization ratios which are strongly dependant on the tilting angle of oriented particles. The present results show that the effect of particle orientation plays an important role in determining the optical properties of ice clouds consisting of horizontally oriented ice crystals.
Download or read book Snow Optics written by Alexander Kokhanovsky and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first book of its kind, focusing exclusively on the optical properties of snow. As a complex and turbid medium, snow is approached as a strongly light-scattering (in the visible spectrum) medium with large, nonspherical ice grains. The book discusses both experimental and theoretical results, as well as the remote sensing of snow using ground-based, airborne and satellite optical instrumentation. The book will be of particular importance for researchers studying snow characteristics (the size of grains, snow pollution and albedo) using various remote-sensing techniques.
