Download or read book Theory and Evidence written by Barbara Koslowski and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Koslowski boldly criticizes many of the currently classic studies and musters a compelling set of arguments, backed by an exhaustive set of experiments carried out during the last decade.
Download or read book Theory and Evidence written by Clark N. Glymour and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Description for this book, Theory and Evidence, will be forthcoming.
Download or read book A Mathematical Theory of Evidence written by Glenn Shafer and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both in science and in practical affairs we reason by combining facts only inconclusively supported by evidence. Building on an abstract understanding of this process of combination, this book constructs a new theory of epistemic probability. The theory draws on the work of A. P. Dempster but diverges from Depster's viewpoint by identifying his "lower probabilities" as epistemic probabilities and taking his rule for combining "upper and lower probabilities" as fundamental. The book opens with a critique of the well-known Bayesian theory of epistemic probability. It then proceeds to develop an alternative to the additive set functions and the rule of conditioning of the Bayesian theory: set functions that need only be what Choquet called "monotone of order of infinity." and Dempster's rule for combining such set functions. This rule, together with the idea of "weights of evidence," leads to both an extensive new theory and a better understanding of the Bayesian theory. The book concludes with a brief treatment of statistical inference and a discussion of the limitations of epistemic probability. Appendices contain mathematical proofs, which are relatively elementary and seldom depend on mathematics more advanced that the binomial theorem.
Download or read book Evidence Based Policymaking written by Karen Bogenschneider and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-04-27 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New thinking is needed on the age-old conundrum of how to connect research and policymaking. Why does a disconnect exist between the research community, which is producing thousands of studies relevant to public policy, and the policy community, which is making thousands of decisions that would benefit from research evidence? The second edition updates community dissonance theory and provides an even stronger, more substantiated story of why research is underutilized in policymaking, and what it will take to connect researchers and policymakers. This book offers a fresh look into what policymakers and the policy process are like, as told by policymakers themselves and the researchers who study and work with them. New to the second edition: • The point of view of policymakers is infused throughout this book based on a remarkable new study of 225 state legislators with an extraordinarily high response rate in this hard-to-access population. • A new theory holds promise for guiding the study and practice of evidence-based policy by building on how policymakers say research contributes to policymaking. • A new chapter features pioneering researchers who have effectively influenced public policy by engaging policymakers in ways rewarding to both. • A new chapter proposes how an engaged university could provide culturally competent training to create a new type of scholar and scholarship. This review of state-of-the-art research on evidence-based policy is a benefit to readers who find it hard to keep abreast of a field that spans the disciplines of business, economics, education, family sciences, health services, political science, psychology, public administration, social work, sociology, and so forth. For those who study evidence-based policy, the book provides the basics of producing policy relevant research by introducing researchers to policymakers and the policy process. Strategies are provided for identifying research questions that are relevant to the societal problems that confront and confound policymakers. Researchers will have at their fingertips a breath-taking overview of classic and cutting-edge studies on the multi-disciplinary field of evidence-based policy. For instructors, the book is written in a language and style that students find engaging. A topic that many students find mundane becomes germane when they read stories of what policymakers are like, and when they learn of researcher’s tribulations and triumphs as they work to build evidence-based policy. To point students to the most important ideas, the key concepts are highlighted in text boxes. For those who desire to engage policymakers, a new chapter summarizes the breakthroughs of several researchers who have been successful at driving policy change. The book provides 12 innovative best practices drawn from the science and practice of engaging policymakers, including insights from some of the best and brightest researchers and science communicators. The book also takes on the daunting task of evaluating the effectiveness of efforts to engage policymakers around research. A theory of change identifies seven key elements that are fundamental to increasing policymaker’s use of research along with evaluation protocols and preliminary evidence on each element.
Download or read book Self Care Science Nursing Theory and Evidence Based Practice written by Katherine Renpenning, MScN and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2011-05-20 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is an excellent review of the development of self-care deficit theory and the use of self-care in nursing practice. Explanations of the various theories and theory terms are well done and written at a level that novice theorists can relate to. The authors demonstrate how self-care science can be fiscally and effectively applied to the care of patients/clients."--Doody's Medical Reviews Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory has been used as a foundation for nursing practice in healthcare institutions and as the basis of curricula in nursing schools for decades. This book explores the high-level theory of the application of Orem's Self-Care Theory, and how it can improve patient outcomes as well as cost-effectiveness of nursing care delivery. Written for nursing theorists, researchers, administrators, and graduate students, the text addresses the relationship of self-care theory and evidence-based care in nursing, and provides a solution to improving contemporary healthcare outcomes. The book is divided into three sections. Section one discusses the reason for the existence of the nursing profession, and identifies the performance of self-care. Section two covers three nursing practice sciences-wholly compensatory nursing, partly compensatory nursing, and supportive educative nursing. Section three offer suggestions on how health care organizations can incorporate this broadened perspective of what constitutes evidence based practice and on-going research methodology into every-day delivery of nursing services. Key Features: Includes case examples to illustrate the application of theory to nursing practice Provides a current, cost-effective resource for implementing Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory for effective evidence-based practice Builds the link between the application of Orem's Self Care Theory and improved patient and fiscal healthcare outcomes
Download or read book Theory and Evidence written by Clark N. Glymour and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Description for this book, Theory and Evidence, will be forthcoming.
Download or read book The Efficient Market Theory and Evidence written by Andrew Ang and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2011 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) asserts that, at all times, the price of a security reflects all available information about its fundamental value. The implication of the EMH for investors is that, to the extent that speculative trading is costly, speculation must be a loser's game. Hence, under the EMH, a passive strategy is bound eventually to beat a strategy that uses active management, where active management is characterized as trading that seeks to exploit mispriced assets relative to a risk-adjusted benchmark. The EMH has been refined over the past several decades to reflect the realism of the marketplace, including costly information, transactions costs, financing, agency costs, and other real-world frictions. The most recent expressions of the EMH thus allow a role for arbitrageurs in the market who may profit from their comparative advantages. These advantages may include specialized knowledge, lower trading costs, low management fees or agency costs, and a financing structure that allows the arbitrageur to undertake trades with long verification periods. The actions of these arbitrageurs cause liquid securities markets to be generally fairly efficient with respect to information, despite some notable anomalies.
Download or read book Evidence Theory and Its Applications written by Jiwen W. Guan and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to evidence theory and its applications is presented in this book. It is based on the important Dempster-Shafer theory, which significantly generalizes classic Bayesian statistics and has proved to be useful in a variety of applications. The aim of the volume is to bring the theory up to date by focusing, in particular, on key work by Shafer and Logan as well as on some of the authors' own contributions. as: artificial intelligence, expert systems, information systems, computer science, decision making, problem solving, business management, statistics, and mathematics. This systematic self-contained description of evidence theory based on set theory is suitable for both lectures and self-study and should serve to strengthen the reader's background and problem-solving abilities.
Download or read book Linguistic Theory and Empirical Evidence written by Bob de Jonge and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume further elaborates the empirical tradition of Columbia School (CS) Linguistics by offering diverse empirical analyses for a wide variety of languages. These studies open a much needed debate advocating the necessity of the independent validation of linguistic hypotheses. This research exemplifies how such a validation should be conducted by determining which forms underlie the analyses and extracting those observations that are considered to be objective. The volume consists of two parts: a section on synchronic and diachronic grammatical problems and a section on Phonology as Human Behavior (PHB), the Columbia School version of phonology, applied to evolutionary, developmental and clinical issues and the phonotactics of the selected lexicon of a literary text. It provides a wealth of useful empirical data and in-depth and sophisticated qualitative and quantitative analyses of a broad range of languages from diverse families: French, Spanish, Afrikaans, Dutch, English, Polish, Russian, Japanese, and Hebrew.
Download or read book Theories of Evidence written by William Twining and published by Butterworths. This book was released on 1985-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of the intellectual background to many of the debates concerning evidence, inference and probability.
Download or read book International Trade written by James R. Markusen and published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin. This book was released on 1995 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is suitable for international trade courses at the undergraduate level. Knowledge of microeconomics is an assumed prerequisite for students using this text.
Download or read book Arguments Stories and Criminal Evidence written by Floris J. Bex and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-15 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book a theory of reasoning with evidence in the context of criminal cases is developed. The main subject of this study is not the law of evidence but rather the rational process of proof, which involves constructing, testing and justifying scenarios about what happened using evidence and commonsense knowledge. A central theme in the book is the analysis of ones reasoning, so that complex patterns are made more explicit and clear. This analysis uses stories about what happened and arguments to anchor these stories in evidence. Thus the argumentative and the narrative approaches from the research in legal philosophy and legal psychology are combined. Because the book describes its subjects in both an informal and a formal style, it is relevant for scholars in legal philosophy, AI, logic and argumentation theory. The book can also appeal to practitioners in the investigative and legal professions, who are interested in the ways in which they can and should reason with evidence.
Download or read book Theory and Reality written by Peter Godfrey-Smith and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-07-16 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does science work? Does it tell us what the world is “really” like? What makes it different from other ways of understanding the universe? In Theory and Reality, Peter Godfrey-Smith addresses these questions by taking the reader on a grand tour of more than a hundred years of debate about science. The result is a completely accessible introduction to the main themes of the philosophy of science. Examples and asides engage the beginning student, a glossary of terms explains key concepts, and suggestions for further reading are included at the end of each chapter. Like no other text in this field, Theory and Reality combines a survey of recent history of the philosophy of science with current key debates that any beginning scholar or critical reader can follow. The second edition is thoroughly updated and expanded by the author with a new chapter on truth, simplicity, and models in science.
Download or read book The Handbook of Behavior Change written by Martin S. Hagger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social problems in many domains, including health, education, social relationships, and the workplace, have their origins in human behavior. The documented links between behavior and social problems have compelled governments and organizations to prioritize and mobilize efforts to develop effective, evidence-based means to promote adaptive behavior change. In recognition of this impetus, The Handbook of Behavior Change provides comprehensive coverage of contemporary theory, research, and practice on behavior change. It summarizes current evidence-based approaches to behavior change in chapters authored by leading theorists, researchers, and practitioners from multiple disciplines, including psychology, sociology, behavioral science, economics, philosophy, and implementation science. It is the go-to resource for researchers, students, practitioners, and policy makers looking for current knowledge on behavior change and guidance on how to develop effective interventions to change behavior.
Download or read book The Rational Consumer written by Robert Ernest Hall and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rational Consumer brings together eight articles that represent key points in the development of Robert Hall's ideas on consumption over the past two decades. Since the late 1960s, Robert Hall's research has had a significant impact on the macroeconomic study of consumer behavior. The Rational Consumer brings together eight articles that represent key points in the development of Hall's ideas on consumption over the past two decades. In his introduction, Hall puts this work into perspective, tying together his ideas and pointing to how consumer behavior should work in the future given what he has discovered.Working within the standard intertemporal models of consumption - the overlapping generations model and the infinite lifetime model - Hall's contributions to methodology have been especially important. Particularly noteworthy was his challenge to the prevalent model in which current consumption was seen as deriving from expected future income. Hall argued that consumption was, instead, based upon the actual present discounted value of future income.ContentsIntroduction - The Allocation of Wealth among the Generations of a Family that Lasts Forever - A Theory of Inheritance - The Dynamic Effects of Fiscal Policy in an Economy with Foresight - Consumption Taxes versus Income Taxes: Implications for Economic Growth - Stochastic Implications of the Life Cycle-Permanent Income Hypothesis: Theory and Evidence - The Sensitivity of Consumption to Transitory Income: Estimates from Panel Data on Households (with Frederic S. Mishkin) - Intertemporal Substitution in Consumption - Survey of Research on the Random Walk of Consumption - The Role of Consumption in Economic Fluctuations
Download or read book Compensation written by Barry Gerhart and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2003-05-07 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: `Gerhart and Rynes provide a thorough, comprehensive review of the vast literatures relevant to compensation. Their insights regarding the integration of economic, psychological and management perspectives are particularly enlightening. This text provides an invaluable tool for those interested in advancing our understanding of compensation practices' - Alison Barber, Eli Broad College of Business, Michigan State UniversityCompensation provides a comprehensive, research-based review of both the determinants and effects of compensation. Combining theory and research from a variety of disciplines, authors Barry Gerhart and Sara Rynes examine the three major compensation decisions - pay level, pay structure and pay delivery systems.Revealing the impact of different compensation policies, this interdisciplinary volume examines: the relationship between performance-based pay and intrinsic motivation; implications of individual pay differentials for team or unit performance; the consequences of pay for performance policies; effect sizes and practical significance of compensation findings; and directions for future research.Compensation considers why organizations pay people the way they do and how various pay strategies influence the success of organizations. Critically evaluating areas where research is inconsistent with common beliefs, Gerhart and Rynes explore the motivational effects of compensation.Primarily intended for graduate students in human resource management, psychology, and organizational behaviour courses, this book is also an invaluable reference for compensation management consultants and organizational development specialists.
Download or read book Theory and evidence written by Clark Glymour and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
