Download or read book Theory and Application of Rare Earth Materials written by Changzhen Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-18 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book starts with a theoretical introduction of the rare earth materials, and it subsequently analyzes the essential characteristics of these materials from elements, compounds to physical chemistry and metal materials, etc. Under the supplementary explanation of experimental data and results, the research is gradually guided into the multi-domain application scene. Through extensive analyses, this book displays comprehensively the distinguished values of the rare earth materials and the theoretical, empirical, and practical significance of rare earth materials is unraveled. It also covers an exhaustive review of 17 rare earth elements, their characteristics, and more possibilities in physical chemistry, functional materials, metallurgy, composites and engineering, and their prospects in production and technical applications. In-depth account of the whole spectrum of rare earth material research makes this book a unique reference to academic researchers, students, and engineers.
Download or read book Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium written by A.K. Suri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth and development witnessed today in modern science, engineering, and technology owes a heavy debt to the rare, refractory, and reactive metals group, of which niobium is a member. Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium presents a vivid account of the metal through its comprehensive discussions of properties and applications, resources and resource processing, chemical processing and compound preparation, metal extraction, and refining and consolidation. Typical flow sheets adopted in some leading niobium-producing countries for the beneficiation of various niobium sources are presented, and various chemical processes for producing pure forms of niobium intermediates such as chloride, fluoride, and oxide are discussed. The book also explains how to liberate the metal from its intermediates and describes the physico-chemical principles involved. It is an excellent reference for chemical metallurgists, hydrometallurgists, extraction and process metallurgists, and minerals processors. It is also valuable to a wide variety of scientists, engineers, technologists, and students interested in the topic.
Download or read book Hydrometallurgy of Rare Earths written by Dezhi Qi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrometallurgy of Rare Earths: Extraction and Separation provides the basic knowledge for rare earth extraction and separation, including flow sheet selection criteria and related technology. The book includes the latest research findings on all rare earth separation processes, methods of controlling operation costs, and strategies that help lower wastewater and waste solid discharge. It discusses many real process parameters and actual situations in rare earth separation plants, also examining the basic principles, technologies, process parameters and advances and achievements in the area of rare earth extraction and separation. In addition, the book covers extraction separation theory as developed by Professor Guanxian Xu and Professor Chunhua Yan and the creative use of a computational simulation program to replace the bench scale and pilot plant tests and directly design rare earth extraction separation processes. - Outlines the theory of solvent extraction and separation of rare earths (REs) - Provides the necessary tools for a REs separation plant design - Includes a unique simulation program for the calculation of all process parameters - Includes Chinese nomenclature that is useful for identifying the various processes, also comparing it to the global literature
Download or read book Science and Technology of Rare Earth Materials written by E C Subbarao and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1980-01-28 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science and Technology of Rare Earth Materials reviews the important aspects of the science and technology of rare earth materials, covering the entire spectrum from occurrence to extraction and purification, phase relationships, electronic structure, and applications. This book is organized into five sections encompassing 19 chapters. The occurrence, extraction, and production of rare earths are discussed in the first section, followed by purification methods employed for rare earths, together with the role of impurities on their behavior. The phase relations among the rare earth alloys, including a particular reference to the technologically important rare earth-cobalt alloys, and phase relations among the rare earth oxides are considered in the second section. The succeeding two sections focus on studies of the electronic structure of rare earth materials, with emphasis on the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Theoretical conceptions are set forth as well as the effect of crystal fields and valence fluctuations on the properties of rare earth systems. The final section describes some of the extensive current uses of rare earth materials such as in the steel industry and in permanent magnets, as well as emerging applications in catalysis, hydrogen storage, ferroelectrics, and fast ion conductors. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and students interested in rare earths.
Download or read book Rare Earth and Transition Metal Doping of Semiconductor Materials written by Volkmar Dierolf and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-01-23 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare Earth and Transition Metal Doping of Semiconductor Material explores traditional semiconductor devices that are based on control of the electron's electric charge. This book looks at the semiconductor materials used for spintronics applications, in particular focusing on wide band-gap semiconductors doped with transition metals and rare earths. These materials are of particular commercial interest because their spin can be controlled at room temperature, a clear opposition to the most previous research on Gallium Arsenide, which allowed for control of spins at supercold temperatures. Part One of the book explains the theory of magnetism in semiconductors, while Part Two covers the growth of semiconductors for spintronics. Finally, Part Three looks at the characterization and properties of semiconductors for spintronics, with Part Four exploring the devices and the future direction of spintronics. - Examines materials which are of commercial interest for producing smaller, faster, and more power-efficient computers and other devices - Analyzes the theory behind magnetism in semiconductors and the growth of semiconductors for spintronics - Details the properties of semiconductors for spintronics
Download or read book Rare Earth Elements and Actinides written by Deborah A. Penchoff and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Sponsored by the ACS Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology."
Download or read book The Rare Earth Elements written by J.H.L. Voncken and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-24 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the rare earth elements (REE), which are a series of 17 transition metals: scandium, yttrium and the lanthanide series of elements (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium). They are relatively unknown to the wider public, despite their numerous applications and their critical role in many high-tech applications, such as high-temperature superconductors, phosphors (for energy-saving lamps, flat-screen monitors and flat-screen televisions), rechargeable batteries (household and automotive), very strong permanent magnets (used for instance in wind turbines and hard-disk drives), or even in a medical MRI application. This book describes the history of their discovery, the major REE ore minerals and the major ore deposits that are presently being exploited (or are planned to be exploited in the very near future), the physical and chemical properties of REEs, the mineral processing of REE concentrates and their extractive metallurgy, the applications of these elements, their economic aspects and the influential economical role of China, and finally the recycling of the REE, which is an emerging field.
Download or read book Magnetic Properties of Rare Earth Metals written by R. Elliott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rare earths have a unique place among the elements. Although very much alike chemically and in most phy~ical properties they each have very different and striking magnetic properties. The reason, of course, lies in their 4f electrons which determine the magnetic properties but have little effect on other chemical and physical behaviour. Although they are not rare, some indeed are among the more common heavy elements in the earth's crust, the difficulty of separation has meant that their intricate magnetic properties have only recently been unravelled. Now, however, the general pattern of their magnetism is well charted and the underlying theory is well understood. Both are thoroughly summarised in this book. It provides an excellent example of the kind of extensive synthesis which is possible with modem solid state physics. it represents only a high plateau in the ascent to complete understanding. But It will become clear to the reader that while the overall position is satisfactory there are many details still to be elucidated experimentally and much to be done theoretically before all the underlying forces are identified and estimated from a priori calculations. It is hoped that the book will provide a useful stimulus in this direction. It should also be of use to those who are interested in related disciplines, for example the rare earth compounds, or the transition metals. In addition rare earths promise to be important technologically as alloy constituents.
Download or read book Rare Earth written by Peter D. Ward and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What determines whether complex life will arise on a planet, or even any life at all? Questions such as these are investigated in this groundbreaking book. In doing so, the authors synthesize information from astronomy, biology, and paleontology, and apply it to what we know about the rise of life on Earth and to what could possibly happen elsewhere in the universe. Everyone who has been thrilled by the recent discoveries of extrasolar planets and the indications of life on Mars and the Jovian moon Europa will be fascinated by Rare Earth, and its implications for those who look to the heavens for companionship.
Download or read book The Structure of Rare earth Metal Surfaces written by Stephen David Barrett and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Structure of Rare-Earth Metal Surfaces introduces the concepts of surface crystallography and surface-structure determination, outlines the principles of the most widely used experimental techniques and theoretical simulations, and reviews their application to the surfaces of rare-earth metals. In particular, the results of quantitative low-energy electron-diffraction experiments and multiple-scattering calculations are covered in some depth. The book is aimed at science graduates with an interest in surface crystallography. Contents: Introduction to the Rare Earths; The Basics of Surface Structure; Surface Structure Techniques; Crystal Growth and Surface Preparation; Rare-Earth Surface Science; Quantitative Low-Energy Electron Diffraction; Quantitative LEED Results; Summary OCo Past, Present and Future. Readership: Researchers in surface and interface science, crystallography, condensed matter physics and computational physics."
Download or read book China and the Geopolitics of Rare Earths written by Sophia Kalantzakos and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resource competition, mineral scarcity, and economic statecraft -- What are rare earths? -- Salt and oil : strategic parallels -- How China came to dominate the rare earth industry
Download or read book Rare Earth Frontiers written by Julie M. Klinger and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-15 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Rare Earth Frontiers is a timely text. As Klinger notes, rare earths are neither rare nor technically earths, but they are still widely believed to be both. Although her approach focuses on the human, or cultural, geography of rare earths mining, she does not ignore the geological occurrence of these mineral types, both on Earth and on the moon.... This volume is excellently organized, insightfully written, and extensively sourced."―Choice Drawing on ethnographic, archival, and interview data gathered in local languages and offering possible solutions to the problems it documents, this book examines the production of the rare earth frontier as a place, a concept, and a zone of contestation, sacrifice, and transformation. Rare Earth Frontiers is a work of human geography that serves to demystify the powerful elements that make possible the miniaturization of electronics, green energy and medical technologies, and essential telecommunications and defense systems. Julie Michelle Klinger draws attention to the fact that the rare earths we rely on most are as common as copper or lead, and this means the implications of their extraction are global. Klinger excavates the rich historical origins and ongoing ramifications of the quest to mine rare earths in ever more impossible places. Klinger writes about the devastating damage to lives and the environment caused by the exploitation of rare earths. She demonstrates in human terms how scarcity myths have been conscripted into diverse geopolitical campaigns that use rare earth mining as a pretext to capture spaces that have historically fallen beyond the grasp of centralized power. These include legally and logistically forbidding locations in the Amazon, Greenland, and Afghanistan, and on the Moon.
Download or read book Rare Earth Element Geochemistry written by P. Henderson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developments in Geochemistry, Volume 2: Rare Earth Element Geochemistry presents the remarkable developments in the chemistry and geochemistry of the rare earth elements. This book discusses the analytical techniques and the recognition that rare earth fractionation occurs naturally in different ways. Organized into 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the wide array of types and sizes of the cation coordination polyhedral in rock-forming minerals. This text then examines the application of rare earth element abundances to petrogenetic problems that has centered on the evolution of igneous rocks. Other chapters consider the matching of observed rare earth element abundances with those provided by the theoretical modeling of petrogenetic processes. This book discusses as well the hypotheses on the genesis of a rock or mineral suite. The final chapter deals with the principal analytical methods. This book is a valuable resource for undergraduates, lecturers, and researchers who study petrology and geochemistry.
Download or read book Rare Earth written by Thyssen-Bornemisza Art Contemporary and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare earth elements are the game-changing foundation of our most powerful innovationsmobile phones, iPods and iPads, liquid crystal displays, LEDs, light bulbs, CDs and DVDs. Often described as conflict materials due to the limited number of accessible mines, they are also integral to cyber-warfare weapon systems, medical technologies, hybrid vehicles, wind turbines, and green energy applications. Consequently, rare earth elements play an increasing role in global affairs and facilitate our changing self-image. Capturing some of todays emergent myths and identities, the well-designed exhibition catalog brings together 17 elementswork by 10 artists and 7 theorists including artists Camille Henrot, The Otolith Group, Ai Weiwei, sociologist and design theorist Benjamin H. Bratton, Finnish new media theorist Jussi Parikka and political theorist Jane Bennett, among others. An attempt to define the spirit of an age, Rare Earth explores how todays myths, identities, and cosmologies relate to current technology while challenging the rhetoric of immateriality.
Download or read book Critical Materials Strategy written by Steven Chu and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the role of rare earth metals and other materials in the clean energy economy. It was prepared by the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) based on data collected and research performed during 2010. In the report, DoE describes plans to: (1) develop its first integrated research agenda addressing critical materials, building on three technical workshops convened by the DoE during November and December 2010; (2) strengthen its capacity for information-gathering on this topic; and (3) work closely with international partners, including Japan and Europe, to reduce vulnerability to supply disruptions and address critical material needs. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book Magma Redox Geochemistry written by Roberto Moretti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the many facets of redox exchanges that drive magma's behavior and evolution, from the origin of the Earth until today The redox state is one of the master variables behind the Earth's forming processes, which at depth concern magma as the major transport agent. Understanding redox exchanges in magmas is pivotal for reconstructing the history and compositional make-up of our planet, for exploring its mineral resources, and for monitoring and forecasting volcanic activity. Magma Redox Geochemistry describes the multiple facets of redox reactions in the magmatic realm and presents experimental results, theoretical approaches, and unconventional and novel techniques. Volume highlights include: Redox state and oxygen fugacity: so close, so far Redox processes from Earth’s accretion to global geodynamics Redox evolution from the magma source to volcanic emissions Redox characterization of elements and their isotopes The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Download or read book Rare Earth Magnetism written by Jens Jensen and published by . This book was released on 1991-06-13 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents a unified and coherent account of an important, focused area of rare-earth magnetism -- magnetic structures and excitations -- which both reflects the nature of the fundamental magnetic interactions and determines many of the characteristic properties of metals. The authors concentrate on the essential principles and their applications to typical examples, generally restricting the discussion to the pure elements and considering alloys and compounds only when they are instructive in illuminating particular topics. Both authors have been involved for some time in the effort that has been made in Denmark to study, both theoretically and experimentally, the magnetic structures and especially the excitations in the rare earths. This account of the subject represents the result of their experience, and it has been written in the hope that it will be useful not only to those who have a special interest in rare-earth magnetism, but also to a wider audience of physicists and condensed matter scientists interested in the techniques and achievements of modern research in magnetism.
