Download or read book The Very Heavy Nuclei in the Primary Cosmic Radiation Part I Observations on the Energy Spectrum written by P. S. Freier and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intensities and energy spectrum of the medium and very heavy, MH- and VH-nuclei, 16 less than Z less than 30, present in the primary cosmic radiation have been studied using three stacks of nuclear emulsions exposed on high altitude balloons flown over Fort Churchill, Texas and India. Integral intensities of Z greater than 20 nuclei above energies of 0.225, 1.58 and 7.1 BeV per nucleon were respectively 1.50 plus or minus 0.06, 0.403 plus or minus 0.023 and 0.090 plus or minus 0.006 VH-nuclei/sq m ster.sec. In addition the shape of the energy spectrum of these nuclei was observed in detail for 0.225 less than T less than 1.0 BeV per nucleon. The intensities and energy spectra of those nuclei with 16 less than Z less than 19 were also studied although with less statistical accuracy. Among approximately 1600 VH-nuclei observed in this study there were none with Z greater than 32. (Author).
Download or read book The Very Heavy Nuclei in the Primary Cosmic Radiation Part Ii Interpretation of the Energy Spectra written by C. J. Waddington and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An attempt has been made to understand the form of the observed energy spectrum of the highly charged, 20 less than Z less than 30, nuclei in the primary cosmic radiation. It is shown that the behavior of this spectrum relative to that of the helium nuclei also present in the cosmic radiation can be explained by assuming that the highly charged nuclei have two components. The first of these components is dominant at high energies and has a spectrum at the source that can be represented as a simple power law with a slope somewhat flatter than that of the source spectrum of the helium nuclei. The nuclei in this component may be regarded as having traversed several g/sq cm of matter between the times of acceleration and of detection. The second component is only of importance at relatively low energies, of a few hundred MeV per nucleon, has a spectrum that falls steeply with increasing energy and cannot simply be represented as a power law. The possible consequences of such a model are briefly considered. (Author).
Download or read book Observations on Heavy Primary Cosmic Ray Nuclei Above the Atmosphere written by Herman Yagoda and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cosmic Rays written by A. M. Hillas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic Rays is a two-part book that first elucidates the discovery, nature, and particles produced by cosmic rays. This part also looks into the primary cosmic radiation; radio waves from the galaxy; extensive air showers; origin of cosmic rays; and other cosmic radiations. Part 2 consists of reprinted papers involving cosmic rays. Papers 1 to 10 treat the nature of the radiation, arranged chronologically; in Papers 11 to 16 the scene moves away from the Earth.
Download or read book Satellite Observations of Low energy Primary Cosmic Ray Nuclei of Charges Z greater Than Or Equal To 6 written by Y. K. Lim and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cosmic Rays and Their Interactions written by Vladimir Sergeevich Murzin and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Spectrum of the Heavy Nuclei of Primary Cosmic Radiation at 41 N Geomagnetic Latitude written by Safia Wasi and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cosmic Rays at Earth written by P.K.F. Grieder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-07-27 with total page 1117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1912 Victor Franz Hess made the revolutionary discovery that ionizing radiation is incident upon the Earth from outer space. He showed with ground-based and balloon-borne detectors that the intensity of the radiation did not change significantly between day and night. Consequently, the sun could not be regarded as the sources of this radiation and the question of its origin remained unanswered. Today, almost one hundred years later the question of the origin of the cosmic radiation still remains a mystery.Hess' discovery has given an enormous impetus to large areas of science, in particular to physics, and has played a major role in the formation of our current understanding of universal evolution. For example, the development of new fields of research such as elementary particle physics, modern astrophysics and cosmology are direct consequences of this discovery. Over the years the field of cosmic ray research has evolved in various directions: Firstly, the field of particle physics that was initiated by the discovery of many so-called elementary particles in the cosmic radiation. There is a strong trend from the accelerator physics community to reenter the field of cosmic ray physics, now under the name of astroparticle physics. Secondly, an important branch of cosmic ray physics that has rapidly evolved in conjunction with space exploration concerns the low energy portion of the cosmic ray spectrum. Thirdly, the branch of research that is concerned with the origin, acceleration and propagation of the cosmic radiation represents a great challenge for astrophysics, astronomy and cosmology. Presently very popular fields of research have rapidly evolved, such as high-energy gamma ray and neutrino astronomy. In addition, high-energy neutrino astronomy may soon initiate as a likely spin-off neutrino tomography of the Earth and thus open a unique new branch of geophysical research of the interior of the Earth. Finally, of considerable interest are the biological and medical aspects of the cosmic radiation because of it ionizing character and the inevitable irradiation to which we are exposed. This book is a reference manual for researchers and students of cosmic ray physics and associated fields and phenomena. It is not intended to be a tutorial. However, the book contains an adequate amount of background materials that its content should be useful to a broad community of scientists and professionals. The present book contains chiefly a data collection in compact form that covers the cosmic radiation in the vicinity of the Earth, in the Earth's atmosphere, at sea level and underground. Included are predominantly experimental but also theoretical data. In addition the book contains related data, definitions and important relations. The aim of this book is to offer the reader in a single volume a readily available comprehensive set of data that will save him the need of frequent time consuming literature searches.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976-03 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Literature 1972 Part 2 written by S. Böhme and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, which has appeared in semi-annual volumes since 1969, is de voted to the recording, summarizing and indexing of astronomical publications throughout the world. It is prepared under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union (according to a resolution adopted at the 14th General Assembly in 1970). Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts aims to present a comprehensive documentation of literature in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics. Every effort will be made to ensure that the average time interval between the date of receipt of the original literature and publication of the abstracts will not exceed eight months. This time interval is near to that achieved by monthly abstracting journals, com pared to which our system of accumulating abstracts for about six months offers the advantage of greater convenience for the user. Volume 8 contains literature published in 1972 and received before March 15, 1973; some older liter ature which was received late and which is not recorded in earlier volumes is also included.
Download or read book Literature 1992 Part 1 written by Astronomisches Recheninstitut and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 1456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts" appearing twice a year has become oneof the fundamental publications in the fields of astronomy, astrophysics andneighbouring sciences. It is the most important English-language abstracting journal in the mentioned branches. The abstracts are classified under more than a hundred subject categories, thus permitting a quick survey of the whole extended material. The AAA is a valuable and important publication for all students and scientists working in the fields of astronomy and related sciences. As such it represents a necessary ingredient of any astronomical library all over the world.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1982-02 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Literature 1969 Part 2 written by Siegfried Böhme and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, which appears in semi-annual volumes, is devoted to the re cording, summarizing and indexing of astronomical publications throughout the world. It aims to pre sent a comprehensive documentation of literature in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics. Every effort will be made to ensure that the average time interval between the date of receipt of the original literature and publication of the abstracts will not exceed eight months. This time interval is near to that achieved by monthly issued abstracting journals, compared to which our system of accumulating abstracts for about six months offers the advantage of greater convenience for the user. Volume 2 contains literature published in 1969 and received before March 15, 1970; some older lite rature which was received late and which is not recorded in Volume 1 is also included. The authors of papers who have sent us abstracts on request have effectively contributed to the suc cess of our service. We should like to express our gratitude to them. We acknowledge with thanks con tributions to this volume by Dr. J. Bou~a, who surveyed journals and publications in Czech language and supplied us with abstracts in English, by Dr. B. Onderlicka, Brno, for providing English ab stracts of Russian papers, and by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (C.S.I.R.O.), Sydney, for providing titles and abstracts of papers on radio astronomy.
Download or read book Government Reports Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of the Hydrogen Helium and Heavy Nuclei in the November 12 1960 Solar Cosmic Ray Event written by S. Biswas and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Literature 1985 Part 1 written by S. Böhme and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 1157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts aims to present a comprehensive documen tation of the literature concerning all aspects of astronomy, astrophysics, and their border fields. It is devoted to the recording, summarizing, and indexing of the relevant publications throughout the world. Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts is prepared by a special department of the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union. Volume 39 records literature published in 1985 and received before August 15, 1985. Some older documents which we received late and which are not surveyed in earlier volumes are included too. We acknowledge with thanks contributions of our colleagues all over the world. We also express our gratitude to all organiza tions, observatories, and publishers which provide us with complimentary copies of their publications. On account of the introduction of an object index the scope of index information will be considerably enlarged beginning with this volume. In connection with the subject index an additional source to satisfy the needs of retrieval is opened up. Starting with Volume 33, all the recording, correction, and data processing work was done by means of computers. The recording was done by our technical staff members Ms. Helga Ballmann, Ms. Mona El-Choura, Ms. Monika Kohl, Ms. Sylvia Matyssek. Ms. Karin Burkhardt, Ms. Susanne Schlotelburg, and Mr. Stefan Wagner supported our task by careful proofreading. It is a pleasure to thank them all for their encouragement. Heidelberg, September 1985 The Editors Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . .
