Download or read book The Use of the Parallel Market Rate as a Guide to Setting the Official Exchange Rate written by Nita Ghei and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recognizing Reality Unification of Official and Parallel Market Exchange Rates written by Mr.Simon T Gray and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-02-05 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some central banks have maintained overvalued official exchange rates, while unable to ensure that supply of foreign exchange meets legitimate demand for current account transactions at that price. A parallel exchange rate market develops, in such circumstances; and when the spread between the official and parallel rates is both substantial and sustained, price levels in the economy typically reflect the parallel market exchange rate. “Recognizing reality” by allowing economic agents to use a market clearing rate benefits economic activity without necessarily leading to more inflation. But a unified, market-clearing exchange rate will not stabilize without a supportive fiscal and monetary context. A number of country case studies are included; my thanks to Jie Ren for pulling together all the data for the country case studies, and the production of the charts.
Download or read book Parallel Exchange Rates in Developing Countires Lessons from Eight Case Studies written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Reform of Mechanisms for Foreign Exchange Allocation written by Eliana La Ferrara and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper provides an analysis of the mechanisms for foreign exchange allocation used in trade policy reform and an assessment of their effectiveness. The case is strong for avoiding delay in moving to full currency convertibility in dismantling or modifying foreign exchange controls. Movement to a unified free market for exchange would be facilitated by changes in policies and in donor practice, so exchange can be channeled through private sellers.
Download or read book Exchange Rate Policy and the Parallel Market for Foreign Currency in Burundi written by J. D. Nkurunziza and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Parallel Market Premia and Misalignment of Official Exchange Rates written by Ibrahim A. Onour and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to restrictive foreign exchange policy and active parallel markets for foreign exchange in some developing countries, it is often believed that the real official exchange rate is undervalued (overvaluing the domestic currency). Since an overvalued domestic currency depress official current account below its equilibrium level, while an undervalued domestic currrency may be inflationary, it is important to be able to detect real official exchange rate misalignment as early as possible. This is difficult in economies where paparallel market for foreign currencies are well established and where it is therefore difficult to observe an underlying capital flows. We show that the direction of real official rate misalignment is identifiable without knowing the size of capital flow in the parallel market. We indicate that a change in the parallel market premium is an appropriate indicator of change in real official rate misalignment.
Download or read book Trade Policies for Development and Transition written by David G Tarr and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-12-29 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author has virtually incomparable experience in both providing trade policy advice to more than 25 countries on behalf of the World Bank and also publishing quality journal articles in most of those cases. In this volume, he focuses on his work on: (i) trade policies for countries making the transition from planned to market economies; (ii) his trade policy guideline papers for the World Bank on trade policies for poverty alleviation, uniform tariff policy, adjustment costs of trade liberalization, exchange rate overvaluation, globalization and technology transfer and rules of thumb on regional trade policies; (iii) multilateral, dynamic and environmental issues in trade policy using computable general equilibrium models; (iv) trade policy of the United States in the auto and steel industries; and (v) mathematical methods for modeling. The papers show an unusual combination of policy relevance, advice and impact, with rigor and international trade theory insights. The papers in this volume have appeared in many of the economics profession's more prestigious journals, including Econometrica, Review of Economic Studies, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Economic Journal, the Journal of International Economics, International Economic Review, European Economic Review, Canadian Journal of Economics, Economic Inquiry, the Journal of Comparative Economic, Review of International Economics, World Economy, the Southern Economic Journal, the World Bank Economic Review, the Japanese Economic Review and the Latin American Journal of Economics. In this book, the author elaborates on the articles by discussing some of the policy contexts for the requests for the work from developing and transition countries to the World Bank, the key trade theory or policy insights, policy recommendations and conclusions and the policy impacts.
Download or read book Latin American Economic Development written by Javier A. Reyes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-14 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latin America is one of the most intriguing parts of the world. The region’s illustrious history, culture, and geography are famous internationally, but in terms of economics, Latin America has been generally associated with problems. For many, the combination of a resource rich region and poor economic conditions has been a puzzle. This extensively revised and updated second edition of Latin American Economic Development continues to provide the most up to date exploration of why the continent can be considered to have underperformed, how the various Latin American economies function, and the future prospects for the region. The book addresses the economic problems of Latin America theme by theme. Changes and new features in this new edition include: Expanded coverage of how institutions affect economic growth in Latin America Many new boxes and questions for review and discussion New material on how climate change affects the region Updated material to reflect the ongoing macroeconomic stability of the past decade A new chapter on the political economy of Latin America The book provides a comprehensive text for undergraduate economics courses on Latin America, and is also suitable for use by students in other disciplines looking for a wide-ranging guide to the region. This book will continue to be an invaluable resource for undergraduates looking at Latin American economics, growth, and development.
Download or read book Exchange Rate Overvaluation and Trade Protection written by Howard J. Shatz and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Lessons from world experience about the consequences of exchange rate overvaluation (the frequent cause of trade crises), the consequences of trying to defend an overvalued exchange rate, and the most appropriate policies for resolving an overvaluation"--Cover.
Download or read book Ethiopia written by Philip Briggs and published by Bradt Travel Guides. This book was released on 2009 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the world taps its feet, Ethiopia breakdances with its shoulders. This is an uplifting, inspirational country which confounds expectations. It’s no featureless desert but a land of majestic landscapes surrounding a vast, fertile plateau. The rock-hewn churches in its medieval capital, Lalibela, are regarded by many as the eighth wonder of the world. Its people are welcoming, proud and besotted by their own culture and history. Bradt’s Ethiopia is the most thorough guide available to this country rich in culture, history and dramatic scenery, and has been highly praised by both travel press and readers. ‘Thorough and reassuring, it provides all the practical and background information to make readers leap from their armchairs and visit this vast, magical country’ The Daily Telegraph (UK)
Download or read book The Rough Guide to Laos written by Jeff Cranmer and published by Rough Guides. This book was released on 2002 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE ROUGH GUIDE TO LAOS is the most comprehensive handbook to one of Southeast Asia's least-known destinations. Features include: Detailed coverage of all the sights, from the Buddhist temples of Louang Phabang to the French colonial architecture of Vientiane. Up-to the-minute listings of the best places to eat and stay. Practical guidance on exploring the remote northern hill villages, navigating the Mekong River and elephant-back trekking in the jungle. Lively and informed accounts of Laos's history, culture, ethnic minorities and wildlife. Full-colour photos and more than 30 maps.
Download or read book Myanmar written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-02-03 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2016 Article IV Consultation highlights that Myanmar’s economy grew broadly as expected in FY2015/16, at a healthy pace of 7.3 percent, despite massive floods during July–September 2015. Activity softened during the first half of FY2016/17, but is expected to recover in the second half on account of the resumption of construction in Yangon after a temporary halt for regulatory compliance purposes. The growth of agricultural production was softer than expected. The external environment has been weak owing to slowing demand from major trading partners and significant natural gas and other commodity price declines in 2015 and 2016. Macroeconomic imbalances persist, with continuing inflation pressure, an increased fiscal deficit, and a widening external current account deficit.
Download or read book Parallel Currency Markets in Developing Countries written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1990-12-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper reviews recent theoretical and empirical developments in the analysis of informal currency markets in developing countries. The basic characteristics of these markets are highlighted, and alternative analytical models to explain them are discussed. The implications for exchange rate policy —including imposition of foreign exchange restrictions, devaluation, and unification of exchange markets— in countries with a sizable parallel market are also examined.
Download or read book South Asia written by Dhananjay Tripathi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-24 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Post-colonial and post-partition South Asia, one of the fastest-growing and yet one of the least integrated regions of the world, is marked by both optimism and pessimism. This intriguing dichotomy of strength and weakness, security and insecurity, hope and fear, connections and disconnects underpins South Asia’s regionalism conundrum and gives birth to borders and boundaries – both material and mental – with a complex territoriality. The Janus-faced nature of South Asian borderlands – the inward nationalizing impulses entangled with the outward regional frontier-orientations – is a stark reminder that history of mobility in this eco-geographical region is much older than the history of territoriality and colonial cartography and ethnography. This collection of meticulously researched, theoretically informed, case studies from South Asia provides useful insights into bordering, ordering and othering narratives as practices and performances that are intricately entangled with identity politics and security discourses. It shows how a sharper focus on subterranean subregionalism(s), border communities, popular geopolitics of enmity, and transborder challenges to sustainability, could open up spaces for new multiple (re)imaginings of borders at diverse scales and sights including sub-urban neighbourhoods, school textbooks/cinema and trans-border conservation initiatives. The chapters in this edited volume have been contributed by both renowned as well as young emerging scholars, looking into the borders and boundaries in South Asia. Each chapter offers new perspectives and insights into themes like trans-Himalayan borderlands, India-Pakistan physical and mental borders, Afghanistan-Pakistan border and numerous social boundaries that we see in everyday South Asia. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Borderlands Studies.
Download or read book Laos Investment and Business Guide Volume 1 Strategic and Practical Information written by IBP, Inc. and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2009-03-20 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laos Investment and Business Guide - Strategic and Practical Information
Download or read book The Rough Guide to the Gambia written by Emma Gregg and published by Rough Guides. This book was released on 2003 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rough Guide to The Gambia is the most comprehensive guide to Africa's most accessible country. This second edition, the result of detailed on-the-ground research, reports on exciting new developments including beautiful eco-retreats and imaginative wildlife conservation projects where visitors can see birds, monkeys and chimps at close range. Detailed maps and plans are complemented by expert and upbeat guidance on the beaches, villages and music, the mangrove creeks and the River Gambia itself. There are first-hand reviews of all the best accommodation, restaurant and bar options in the country, both on and off the beaten track, for everyone from shoestring travellers to luxury tourists. The guide is also full of trademark candid insights into Gambian history, politics, music, language and culture.
