Download or read book The usage and integration of German loanwords in British and American English How are different spelling norms applied written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-01-13 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,7, University of Bonn, language: English, abstract: The English language has a rich vocabulary with around 600.000 entries in the Oxford English Dictionary and is nowadays spoken in countries all over the world. Therefore, many languages have borrowed words from the English language and adopted them into their language. So did the German language accept anglicism in many aspects of everyday life and borrowed terms like baby or steak which are now fully adapted and a part of the German language. However, there is also Germanism in the English language, or better said original German words appearing in the British and American English language today, called loanwords. When confronting people with the term “German loanword” they normally only come up with a few examples like Aberglaube or Bratwurst. But how frequent are they actually used in British English (BrE) and American English (AmE) and how are different spelling norms applied? Loanwords might have gone through a process of different spelling variations during time. Nonetheless, this study will only focus on synchronic spelling differences in British and American English. The original German spelling will also be compared with the English one. It is a corpus-based study and the aim is to clarify the usage and integration of german loanwords in the British and American English language today. As there exist many german loanwords, after all, this study only takes a few loanwords into consideration. There are a lot of different semantic fields of borrowing, for instance, science, food, education et cetera. For my research I have selected a variation out of the following three categories: Food, Society and Music. This paper is structured as the following. Firstly, the term loanword is being defined as well as previous studies regarding spelling modifications are given and the chosen loanwords are presented. Chapter three gives inside in the work with the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the British National Corpus (BNC) and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and mentions limitations of the research design. The following chapter four presents a clear overview of synchronic spelling differences for the chosen loanwords, which are then discussed regarding previous studies in chapter five. Finally, the last chapter summaries the findings of the paper while also adding some suggestions for future research.
Download or read book The Usage and Integration of English Loanwords in German written by Uwe Seidel and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the present study was to determine the usage and integration of English loanwords in Der Spiegel magazine from the year 1990 until 2010. This thesis builds upon a study published in 1990 by Wenliang Yang on the same magazine. Based on Yang's observations, I reexamined the quantitative as well as the qualitative development of lexical borrowings found in nine issues of Der Spiegel from the years 1990, 2000, and 2010, respectively. The elicited data was first classified by year of occurrence, word class affiliation, and thematic category, and then compared with Yang's results. Furthermore, I analyzed the degree of assimilation of the English loanwords into the German orthographic and grammatical system by comparing the findings from the magazine with their respective entries in the latest edition of various German dictionaries. This approach goes beyond Yang's study, in which the integration of English loanwords in German with respect to grammatical and orthographical features is only treated marginally. The study corroborated trends about which Yang could only make vague assumptions. The numerical usage of English loanwords in Der Spiegel increased considerably over the time of the investigation period. This intensification in the use of such borrowings could be seen in every thematic category of the newsmagazine. In addition to this, semantic shifts occurred with some of the English words that set them further apart from their original meaning in English. Another finding of this study is the ongoing integration of English word material into the grammatical system of the German language. Interestingly, the grammatical integration seems not to parallel integration of English words into the spelling system of German.
Download or read book English Loanwords in Polish and German After 1945 written by Kinga Nettmann-Multanowska and published by Peter Lang Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An morphological and orthographic analysis of post-1945 English loanwords cropping up in both Polish and German in order to trace analogies and dissimilarities in loanword treatment.
Download or read book English in the German speaking World written by Raymond Hickey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-05 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of studies on the role of English in German-speaking countries, covering a broad range of topics.
Download or read book The German Spelling Reform written by Laura Smith and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-05-07 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2012 in the subject German Studies - Linguistics, University of Birmingham, course: BA Modern Languages, language: English, abstract: The German spelling reform, implemented in 1996, was meant to improve certain aspects of the German language in order to make the rules clearer and the language as a whole easier to learn. However, the agreement also wanted to minimise complication for native speakers who were used to the original rules. Already the 20th century had seen several attempts to adjust German orthography; therefore it was obviously a significant problem. The original orthographic rules were unclear and subject to much variation. In spite of this necessity, were the changes themselves worth the subsequent trouble? Firstly, the scharfes s {ß} character’s usage was minimized: it now appears only after a long vowel or diphthong. Secondly, the reform aimed to clarify the rules regarding the capitalisation of nouns, which is a feature unique to German. They were suggestions of abolition, but at the fear of significant opposition “...reformers were obliged to opt for the less controversial strategy of harmonising the existing rules...” (2005: 67). Thirdly the former tendency to omit a consonant where a compound word would result in a triple consonant was rejected in favour of writing out all three subsequent consonants: Schiffahrt became Schifffahrt. Fourthly, the spelling of certain compound verb phrases has been altered. Phrases consisting of a verb and a) another verb, b) a noun, c) an adjective or d) an adverb which can stand alone as an adjective. Kennenzulernen is now the form of the original kennen zu lernen, for example.
Download or read book The Phonology of English Loanwords in German written by Laura Jax and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Didaktik - Englisch - Pädagogik, Sprachwissenschaft, Note: 1,0, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (Institut für Englische Sprachwissenschaft), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Can you think of an English loanword in German that originally contains the sounds /ð/ or /θ/? No? One might now spiteful say: luckily not! Jumping on the cliché that Germans are not able to pronounce the th-sounds properly, this saves us a lot of acoustic mishaps. Yet, meanwhile there do exist a few loanwords containing the apico- dental fricatives /ð/ or /θ/, as for example smoothie /'smuːði/ or thriller /'θrɪlə/. Still their proportion out of the total amount of English loans in German is vanishingly small. Bringing it to linguistic terms, these phonemes exclusively belong to the English phoneme inventory and do not constitute part of the German language system. Therefore the research question of this thesis is: Do phonological features influence the borrowing of a foreign word? There are a lot of reasons for the adaptation of loanwords and many works in linguistics deal with them in great detail (cf. for example Holland 2007: 49ff; Fischer 2008: 1ff). Speakers borrow words from other languages to fill gaps in their own lexical inventory. The reasons for such lexical gaps vary greatly: cultural innovation may introduce objects or actions that do not have a name in the native language; native words may be perceived as non-prestigious; names of foreign cities, institutions, and political figures which were once unknown may have entered the public eye; new words may be introduced for play, etc. (Calabrese and Wetzels 2009b: 1) Most discussions about the factors that influence the occurrence of a loanword go back to syntactic, lexical, semantic or social circumstances (cf. Fischer 2008: 1f). Having browsed many books about English loanwords, only few of them explicitly mentioned phonological features when talking about parameters determining the appearanc
Download or read book On Grammatical Assimilation of German Lexical Borrowings in British and American English written by Vargáné Kiss Katalin and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Influence of English on German Business Language a Corpus based Study of the Use of Anglicisms in the German Business Press written by Marc O. Rathmann and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Twentieth Century Borrowings from German to English written by Julia Schultz and published by Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study sheds light on the German influence on the English lexicon in the twentieth century. It provides the first systematic appraisal of the semantic integration and contextual usage of the words adopted from German in the recent past. The results are based on a corpus of 1958 borrowings collected from the Oxford English Dictionary Online.
Download or read book Globalization and the Future of German written by Andreas Gardt and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-08-22 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is the world en route to becoming a linguistic colony of the United States? Or is this dramatic view an exaggeration, and there is no danger to linguistic diversity at all? The German language is at the center of an intensive debate on this issue. Its position in the world is under increasing pressure due to the growing importance of (American) English as the language of globalization. The articles in this volume deal with the national and international position of German in relation to English, language policies, the future of German as a language of science, German in the USA, and the intellectual and aesthetic dimensions of encountering a foreign language. They present critical assessments addressing the dangers for the future of languages other than English, as well as positions which perceive the growing importance of English as a challenge and resource rather than as a threat.
Download or read book Twentieth Century Borrowings from German to English written by Julia Schultz and published by Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study sheds light on the German influence on the English lexicon in the twentieth century. It provides the first systematic appraisal of the semantic integration and contextual usage of the words adopted from German in the recent past. The results are based on a corpus of 1958 borrowings collected from the Oxford English Dictionary Online.
Download or read book Haislund Niels German Loanwords in American English written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Loan Phonology written by Andrea Calabrese and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many different reasons, speakers borrow words from other languages to fill gaps in their own lexical inventory. The past ten years have been characterized by a great interest among phonologists in the issue of how the nativization of loanwords occurs. The general feeling is that loanword nativization provides a direct window for observing how acoustic cues are categorized in terms of the distinctive features relevant to the L1 phonological system as well as for studying L1 phonological processes in action and thus to the true synchronic phonology of L1. The collection of essays presented in this volume provides an overview of the complex issues phonologists face when investigating this phenomenon and, more generally, the ways in which unfamiliar sounds and sound sequences are adapted to converge with the native language s sound pattern. This book is of interest to theoretical phonologists as well as to linguists interested in language contact phenomena."
Download or read book Anglicisms in German written by Alexander Onysko and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2007 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a detailed account of the influence of English in German based on a large scale corpus analysis of the newsmagazine "Der Spiegel". This book presents a study that is structured into three parts, each of which deals with fundamental questions and as of yet unsolved and disputed issues in the domain of anglicism research and language contact.
Download or read book English as a Global Language written by David Crystal and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written in a detailed and fascinating manner, this book is ideal for general readers interested in the English language.
Download or read book Borrowed Words written by Philip Durkin and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows how, when, and why English took words from other languages and explains how to find their origins and reasons for adoption. It covers the effects of contact with languages ranging from Latin and French to Yiddish, Chinese, and Maori, from Saxon times to the present. It will appeal to everyone interested in the history of English.
Download or read book Language and Language Behavior Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
