Download or read book The Two Chinas Problem and the Olympic Formula written by Gerald Chan and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After an absence of thirty-two years, the People's Republic of China (PRC) returned to the Olympic Games and surprised the sports world by carrying away fifteen gold medals from Los Angeles in August 1984. What interests the academic world more, perhaps, is the political significance of the fact that both the PRC and Taiwan took part in the same Games for the first time in the history of the Summer Olympics. How did this come about? To answer this question, it is necessary to go through the history of China's relations with the International Olympic Committee (IOC), to find out how the so-called IOC formula was devised to solve the "two-Chinas" problem in this sphere - the competing claims of the PRC and Taiwan to be the sole legitimate representative of China in the Olympic Movement. Also, it is interesting to see the applicability of the formula in solving similar problems in other international sporting organizations.
Download or read book The Two Chinas problem and the Olympic formula written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Question of Names written by Dongguang Pei and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though China entered international sports affairs and initiated a relationship with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as early as May 1915, it did not actually participate in the Olympic Games until 1932. After a long civil war between communists and nationalists (KMT), which intensified after the end of World War II, the People's Republic of China (PRC) came into being on 10 October 1949. The defeated KMT government evacuated to the island of Formosa, now known as Taiwan. Thus, from this time in history, Taiwan and the PRC fomented a series of troubling incidents in international and IOC affairs. For instance, the PRC withdrew from the IOC and from all international sports federations in 1958 due to a series of controversies stemming from the festering issues and differences harboured by both Taiwan and the PRC. The PRC decision taken in 1958 prompted its absence from the Olympic Movement for a period of 25 years. However, world events and the phenomenon of "Ping Pong Diplomacy" in 1971 ushered in the beginning of a new era of detente and problem solution. Eventually, the PRC/Taiwan issue was settled in 1981, resulting in the PRC and Taiwan competing together for the first time in the 1984 at the Games of the 23rd Olympiad in Los Angeles.
Download or read book The People s Republic of China and the Olympic Movement written by Brian Blair Pendleton and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to investigate, document and analyze the situations, personalities and historical and socio¬ political factors surrounding the issue of the recognition of and participation by athletes from the People's Republic of China in international sporting events from 1949 to 1978. The study considered several issues: the emergence of 'two Chinas' in 1949 and the sub¬ sequent attempts by each side to gain recognition as the sole government of China; the relationship between China and the International Olympic Committee; the interaction between China and the International Sports Federations; and the involvement of China in Regional Games and international meets and tournaments. For nearly three decades the sole factor governing the participation by Chinese athletes in international competitions was whether or not the international organization concerned recognized as a separate entity a sports association from Taiwan province. In all such cases, China either refused to affiliate with or withdrew from those federations or committees until they annulled the member¬ ship of the Republic of China (Taiwan) association. The issue of the recognition of 'two Chinas' was found to have had an impact on the majority of international sport governing bodies. At the time of writing, the dispute between China and the Olympic Movement remained essentially unresolved.
Download or read book A Question of Names written by Dongguang Pei and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Owning the Olympics written by Monroe Price and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2008-02-22 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A major contribution to the study of global events in times of global media. Owning the Olympics tests the possibilities and limits of the concept of 'media events' by analyzing the mega-event of the information age: the Beijing Olympics. . . . A good read from cover to cover." —Guobin Yang, Associate Professor, Asian/Middle Eastern Cultures & Sociology, Barnard College, Columbia University From the moment they were announced, the Beijing Games were a major media event and the focus of intense scrutiny and speculation. In contrast to earlier such events, however, the Beijing Games are also unfolding in a newly volatile global media environment that is no longer monopolized by broadcast media. The dramatic expansion of media outlets and the growth of mobile communications technology have changed the nature of media events, making it significantly more difficult to regulate them or control their meaning. This volatility is reflected in the multiple, well-publicized controversies characterizing the run-up to Beijing 2008. According to many Western commentators, the People's Republic of China seized the Olympics as an opportunity to reinvent itself as the "New China"---a global leader in economics, technology, and environmental issues, with an improving human-rights record. But China's maneuverings have also been hotly contested by diverse global voices, including prominent human-rights advocates, all seeking to displace the official story of the Games. Bringing together a distinguished group of scholars from Chinese studies, human rights, media studies, law, and other fields, Owning the Olympics reveals how multiple entities---including the Chinese Communist Party itself---seek to influence and control the narratives through which the Beijing Games will be understood. digitalculturebooks is an imprint of the University of Michigan Press and the Scholarly Publishing Office of the University of Michigan Library dedicated to publishing innovative and accessible work exploring new media and their impact on society, culture, and scholarly communication. Visit the website at www.digitalculture.org.
Download or read book To Play Or Not to Play written by Kang An and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report looks at China's involvement in the Olympic Movement from 1894- 1984, during which the collapse of the Qing Dynasty and China's desire to build a strong national state identity coincided with the revival of the modern Olympic Games. As Western sports were introduced to China at the turn of the 20th century, they were regarded as a way to cultivate military spirits among the Chinese citizens thus strengthening the entire nation. Despite a generally low level of athletic performance and great economic hardship amid foreign invasions during this time, the Nationalist government, Kuomintang, sent a one-man team to the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics for the first time. Although no medal was won that year, the political impact made by participation was felt domestically in China and overseas. Subsequently, the opportunities to take part in the Olympic Games were regarded as a way to legitimize China as a national state. This became especially true after the establishment of the PRC in 1949, after which the previously founded government Kuomintang moved to Taiwan, taking with it the national sports governing body, the CNAAF. As both governments in Beijing and Taipei claimed themselves to be the only legal government representing the entire country of China, another fight for the exclusive right to represent sports in China started in the IOC between the PRC and ROC delegations. IOC's apolitical position regarding the "two Chinas" issue complicated the matter and even forced the PRC to withdraw from the Olympic Movement in 1958. With China's eventual return to the IOC in 1979, it boycotted the first available Olympic Games in 1980 in Moscow, at the lead of its new ally, the United States. Four years later, China sent a delegation of 215 athletes to the 1984 Los Angeles Games, marking a new era that sees China taking part in all the following Olympic Games. Reasons behind China's choice of Games between 1980 and 1984 are discussed. Furthermore, whether China participated in certain Olympic Games, it has demonstrated its desire to gain political advance through participation and non-participation
Download or read book Counterrevolution in China written by Thomas A. Marks and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-02-17 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ground-breaking book spans 60 years of modern Chinese history from the much neglected non-communist perspective. Concentrating on Wang Sheng's career in relation to Chiang Kai-Shek's extraordinary son Chiang Ching-Kuo, it shows that the KMT were perfecting the methods that were to make Taiwan an East Asian Tiger' economy at the very point that they lost' the mainland. The book also provides a fascinating insight into Taiwan's efforts to aid South Vietnam and Cambodia from 1960 as the Indochina war unfolded.
Download or read book Beijing s Games written by Susan Brownell and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2008 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why is hosting the Olympic Games so important to China? What is the significance of a quintessential symbol of Western civilization taking place in the heart of the Far East? Will the Olympics change China, or will China change the Olympics? Susan Brownell sets the historical and cultural contexts for the 2008 Beijing Olympics Games by placing it within the context of China's hundred-year engagement with the Olympic movement to illuminate what the Games mean to China and what the Beijing Olympic Games will mean for China's relationship with the outside world. Brownell's deeply informed analysis ranges from nineteenth-century orientalism to Cold War politics and post-Cold War "China bashing." Drawing on her more than two decades of engagement in Chinese sports, the author presents evocative stories and first-person accounts to paint a human picture of the passion that many Chinese people feel for the Olympic Games. It will also be essential reading for journalists and sports enthusiasts who want to understand the fascinating story behind the Beijing Olympics.
Download or read book Olympic Dreams written by Guoqi XU and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Already the world has seen the political, economic, and cultural significance of hosting the 2008 Olympics in Beijing—in policies instituted and altered, positions softened, projects undertaken. But will the Olympics make a lasting difference? This book approaches questions about the nature and future of China through the lens of sports—particularly as sports finds its utmost international expression in the Olympics.
Download or read book Greater China s Olympic Medal Haul written by Marcus P. Chu and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-28 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1984 and 2021, elite athletes from the member regions of Greater China – China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong – competed at each of the ten Summer Olympics. By winning 263 gold medals, 199 silver, and 173 bronze, China became a global sports superpower. Taiwan and Hong Kong pocketed 7 gold medals, 10 silver, and 17 bronze and 2 gold medals, 3 silver, and 4 bronze, respectively, displaying their world-leading statuses in archery, badminton, baseball, cycling, fencing, gymnastics, Judo, karate, sailing, Taekwondo, table tennis, and weightlifting. In response, the leaders of the three regions delivered high-profile praise. Their administrations awarded cash, badges, and/or honorary titles to the medalists. By reviewing journalistic reports, key-players’ memoirs, official documents, and scholarly works, this book aims to understand the significance of the Olympic medal haul to the Chinese, Taiwanese, and Hong Kong authorities. Its findings detail the context in which the Olympic medal haul was leveraged for the political change of the three regions and their relations with each other. They also reveal that the praise and rewards bestowed by the respective authorities on the medalists not only celebrated their jurisdictions’ sporting excellence, but served broader strategic goals across domestic politics and international relations.
Download or read book International Security and the Olympic Games 1972 2020 written by Austin Duckworth and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-24 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on new archival documents and interviews, this book demonstrates the evolving role of international politics in Olympic security planning. Olympic security concerns changed forever following the terrorist attack on Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) choice to ignore security after the attack in Munich left individual Olympic Games Organizing Committees to organize, fund, and provide security for the major international event. Future Olympic hosts planned security amidst increasing numbers of international terrorist attacks, and with the Cold War in full swing. For some Olympic hosts, Olympic security now represented their nation’s largest ever military operations. By the time the IOC made security more of a priority in the early 1980s, the trends in Olympic security were set for the future.
Download or read book The International Olympic Committee Faced with Political Interference written by Yuxiang Hao and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis studies the IOC's role during the 28-year battle between the PRC and the ROC for the exclusive right to represent China. It is argued that the IOC upheld its non-politicization principle, which suffered slight deviation, while showing certain flexibility. The flexibility refers to the willingness to make concession and professing politics. The IOC adhered to the principles through the years, but was more pragmatic on the Two Chinas Question and proactively played the game for desired outcome in the 1970s. It is the pragmatism that allowed the IOC to minimize external political infringement and maintain the inclusiveness of the Olympic Movement. Ironically, playing the political game turned out to be the key to end political interference. This thesis deems the Nagoya Resolution to be a hardly political solution, because it did not have substantial political influence or generate further political disputes. Therefore, compromise made by the Olympic Movement can be justified by the situation and the eventual result. The Olympic Movement was the biggest winner among the three parties of the battle. The IOC and the Olympic Movement gained expansion and lost a smattering of integrity. Whether the loss matters is arguable, and in comparison, the PRC and the ROC suffered much more loss. The ROC's Olympic Committee kept its membership but had to relinquish political sigils. Despite the reinstatement of its NOC and the ban on ROC's political presence, the PRC had to accept the reality of dual recognition. What they lost or failed to achieve was exactly what they fought the politicized battle for. The IOC's autonomy was ground on which the IOC eventually solved the Two Chinas Question with minimum political exploitation. The non-intergovernmental and apolitical decision-making mechanism helped the Olympic Movement stand firm and survive relentless exploitation of super powers and international conflicts. The Presidents' tremendous influence was made evident by the different paths in the development of the Two China Question during two Presidents' respective terms. They Executive Board, who discussed the matter deeply, balanced the IOC's position when the Presidents went too far with their personal opinions.
Download or read book Changing Actors in International Law written by Karen Nadine Scott and published by Developments in International. This book was released on 2020-11-05 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The 15 essays in this book began as papers presented at the Seventh Four Societies Conference hosted at Waseda University, Tokyo, in June 2018, by the Japanese Society of International Law (JSIL). The 'Four Societies' conferences are a collaborative initiative of the American Society of International Law (asil), the Australian New Zealand Society of International Law (ANZSIL), the Canadian Council on International Law (CCIL) and JSIL. The biannual conferences, which began in 2006, provide an opportunity for emerging scholars to foster a collaborative network around a common theme"--
Download or read book China s Quest for Sporting Mega Events written by Marcus P. Chu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-14 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book vividly elucidates the inseparable nature between politics and sport in China. The holding of sporting mega-events is viewed by the Chinese authorities as a prominent way to push forward the Reform and Opening up, arouse the patriotism among the public, and display national resurgence in the world. Chinese cities thus have keenly quested for the Olympics, the Asian Games and the World University Games since the 1980s. Theoretically, the President, the Premier and the central government should provide all-out support, so boosting the Chinese cities’ odds of success. The reality yet shows that their attitude towards the bids vary from case to case. Through reviewing the 20 bidding cases, this book aims to demystify the reasons behind. The findings provide an in-depth account of (1) how domestic and international political factors determine the state leaders’ blessing and silence as well as the central government’s backing, indifference and opposition, and (2) how the bids for the sporting mega-events are used to serve the broader political goals of the Chinese authorities at home and abroad. Additionally, they shed light on the political strategies to boost the Chinese cities’ chance of success, and the political reasons for their win, loss and discontinuation, in the bidding contests. The book will be a valuable resource for researches interested in the domestic politics and international relations of China.
Download or read book Rivals written by David K. Wiggins and published by University of Arkansas Press. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sixteen original essays in this collection cover influential and famous rivalries from a variety of sports, including track and field, golf, boxing, basketball, tennis, ice skating, baseball, football, soccer, and more. The essays are diverse, but together they illustrate what is common to any rivalry: equally matched opponents that often have decidedly different backgrounds, styles, and personalities. These differences may center on race and culture, political and societal ideologies, personality, geography, or religion—a mix intensified by fans and the media. From highly publicized and emotionally charged individual competitions to bitterly fought team contests, Rivals illuminates what one-of-a-kind opponents and the passion they inspire tell us about ourselves and our society.
Download or read book Can the Two Chinas Become One written by Donald J. Senese and published by Council for Social & Economic Studies. This book was released on 1989 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
