Download or read book The Twenty First Century Mechanistic Theory of Human Cognition written by Diego Azevedo Leite and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a theoretical critical appraisal of the Mechanistic Theory of Human Cognition (MTHC), which is one of the most popular major theories in the contemporary field of cognitive science. It analyses and evaluates whether MTHC provides a unifying account of human cognition and its explanation. The book presents a systematic investigation of the internal and external consistency of the theory, as well as a systematic comparison with other contemporary major theories in the field. In this sense, it provides a fresh look at more recent major theoretical debates in this area of scientific research and a rigorous analysis of one of its most central major theories. Rigorous theoretical work is integrated with objective consideration of relevant empirical evidence, making the discussions robust and clear. As a result, the book shows that MTHC provides a significant theoretical contribution for the field of cognitive science. The content is useful for those interested in theoretical and empirical issues concerning major theories in the contemporary field of cognitive science.
Download or read book The Neo Mechanistic Model of Human Cognitive Computation and Its Major Challenges written by Diego Azevedo Leite and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The neo-mechanistic theory of human cognition is currently one of the most accepted major theories in fields, such as cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience. This proposal offers an account of human cognitive computation, and it has been considered by its proponents as revolutionary and capable of integrating research concerning human cognition with new evidence provided by fields of biology and neuroscience. However, some complex cognitive capacities still present a challenge for explanations constructed by using this theoretical structure. In this chapter, I make a presentation of some of the central tenets of this framework and show in what dimensions it helps our understanding of human cognition concerning aspects of capacities, such as visual perception and memory consolidation. My central goal, however, is to show that to understand and explain some particular human cognitive capacities, such as self-consciousness and some conscious informal reasoning and decision making, the framework shows substantial limitations. I conclude the chapter by suggesting that to fully understand human cognition we will need much more than what the neo-mechanistic framework is actually able to provide.
Download or read book Rebooting Pedagogy and Education systems for the Twenty first Century Why we need course corrections immediately written by Sujay Rao Mandavilli and published by Sujay Rao Mandavilli. This book was released on 2024-04-09 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education is the fundamental pillar upon which any human civilization rests. As a matter of fact, no civilization in any meaningful form or degree has been possible in human history that has not been built on the bulwark and edifice of education. While literacy may have been limited to the privileged few in early ancient civilizations, it was these privileged few who controlled the masses and set the tempo for meaningful progress in such civilizations; educational systems have proven to be the bedrock and foundational pillar upon which much of human accomplishment and achievement have rested, too. In spite of the naysayers, the cynics and the pessimists, education has expanded greatly in the twentieth century; while the worlds’ earliest civilizations were not western in the canonical sense of the term, there is no denying that western civilizations have pulled away strongly since then. Riding on the shoulders on ancient Greece, western intellectualism has been the bulwark upon which the superstructure of modern civilization has been built. Even as recently as the middle of the twentieth century, the rest of the world (as opposed to the west) had a lot of catching up to do. Thankfully and mercifully, a lot has changed since then. India in the 1950’s and 1960’s emphasized higher education but neglected universal primary education as evidenced by low primary school enrollments, and a high rate of dropouts. Since then, programs and schemes such as the Sarva Siksha Abhiyan or education for all programs have increased primary school enrollment considerably; India now comfortably stands on the threshold of universal adult literacy. While the quantity of education has been augmented, quality has often failed to keep pace. The tenets and the essential doctrines forming a part and parcel of the foundational pillars of pedagogy and education are antiquated and are still steeped in the western experience. What is worse is that is very little awareness on the issue of the need for change; this must be the foundation of all meaningful change, but alas, that foundation has yet to be built. In this book, we draw upon our long list of papers on the social science, particularly anthropological pedagogy and the sociology of science, and propose the direction we believe pedagogy must take in the twenty first century. This can be no one man army; we invite other scholars to contribute in eminent measure. We also believe that this i.e., a foundational assessment of the concepts of pedagogy must become one of the more important and vital movements of the twentyfirst century. This work is also at the heart of our globalization of science movement as many, if not most concepts in various fields of the social science are based on old and archaic western-centric paradigms. There is also an unnatural gap between various fields of social sciences and the non-social sciences too, just as careerism is rampant across disciplines and what we called “institutional coherentism” is lacking. Scientists say “however, recent research has shown that…”. Does that mean that old research was wrong? Why was it wrong? Was it due to the absence of data, or was it methodological error? Why do we go round and round without a meaningful long-term direction? Very little scholarship is driven by the absolute desire to do good to society. As Thomas Paine once famously stated, “ A body of men holding themselves accountable to nobody ought not to be trusted by anybody”. We have theories, theories and only theories all driven by old-fashioned careerism or academic rivalry, and with limited explanatory power. All this needs to change in the twenty-first century, and practical application of knowledge emphasized. To quote C.S Lewis, “Experience: that most brutal of teachers. But you learn, my God do you learn.” Anand Mahindra and several other individuals have repeatedly called for a new world-class education system in India and elsewhere, but there is very little conceptual clarity on how we should go about creating one. Let a million scholars bloom! Let a million intellectuals bloom! Let a million scientists (social scientists included) bloom in different parts of the world, all in the twenty-first century! Why should we hold our tongue, and suffer in silence? Let intellectuals drive meaningful and productive change. Let better education systems form the backbone of better societies! Let there be a healthy rivalry among nations to develop better and better education systems! There is no need for only western nations to take the lead here. Those who have better ideas can indeed leapfrog everyone else. Those who think better and do better, win.
Download or read book On Perceived Motion and Figural Organization written by Max Wertheimer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-07-27 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two seminal articles by a founder of the Gestalt school of psychology, newly translated and accompanied by essays that connect his work to current research. There are few articles in science that remain relevant over a span of 100 years; Max Wertheimer's pioneering experimental studies on apparent motion and figural organization are notable exceptions. Wertheimer's 1912 account of motion perception started a revolution and established the Gestalt school of psychology. It also paved the way for further investigations of apparent motion perception, including subsequent research by Oliver Braddick, Stuart Anstis, Vilaynur Ramachandran, and others. Wertheimer's 1923 article on figural organization (known as the "dot study" for its numerous examples of dot patterns) helped define grouping as a principle of figure-ground perception. This book provides contemporary readers and researchers with Wertheimer's two pivotal articles, newly translated into English and each accompanied by a synopsis, and two essays on apparent motion and figural organization that describe the long-term impact of Wertheimer's work. The translation of the original German into readable English prose allows English-language readers for the first time to appreciate Wertheimer's visionary ideas. The accompanying essays tie Wertheimer's phenomenological descriptions to the underlying neuronal mechanisms, bridging the years between the articles' first publication and modern research.
Download or read book The Systems View of Life written by Fritjof Capra and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-10 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume to integrate life's biological, cognitive, social, and ecological dimensions into a single, coherent framework.
Download or read book Technoscientific Research written by Roman Z. Morawski and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-06-04 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike the bulk majority of publications on philosophy of science and research ethics, which are authored by professional philosophers and intended for philosophers, this book has been written by a research practitioner and intended for research practitioners. It is distinctive by its integrative approach to methodological and ethical issues related to research practice, with special emphasis of mathematical modelling and measurement, as well as by attempted application of engineering design methodology to moral decision making. It is also distinctive by more than 200 real-world examples drawn from various domains of science and technology. It is neither a philosophical treaty nor a quick-reference guide. It is intended to encourage young researchers, especially Ph.D. students, to deeper philosophical reflection over research practice. They are not expected to have any philosophical background, but encouraged to consult indicated sources of primary information and academic textbooks containing syntheses of information from primary sources. This book can be a teaching aid for students attending classes aimed at identification of methodological and ethical issues related to technoscientific research, followed by introduction to the methodology of analysing dilemmas arising in this context.
Download or read book Brain Compatible Science written by Margaret Angermeyer Mangan and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gain fresh insights for teaching, learning, and assessing knowledge of critical science concepts through the exploration of research-based practices for science education.
Download or read book The Praeger Handbook of Education and Psychology written by Raymond Horn and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2006-12-30 with total page 1065 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognition, mind, counseling psychology, lesson plans, learning styles, and Vygotsky are just a few of the many subjects discussed in this exciting work. Educators, students, counselors, parents, and others will find new understanding as they read and browse. How does the immigrant experience affect student outcomes? What are the effects of poverty on standardized testing? How can a teacher or parent develop study skills in the special needs learner? What is the effect of the school environment on students? What are the larger issues at work in educating students of diverse races, cultures, and classes. This work, a rethinking of school psychology, will be an essential resource for anyone who is interested in teaching and learning. It combines effective, traditional knowledge with contemporary insights into the nature of today's schools and students.
Download or read book Philosophy of Mind in the Twentieth and Twenty First Centuries written by Amy Kind and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the philosophical study of mind has always required philosophers to attend to the scientific developments of their day, from the twentieth century onwards it has been especially influenced and informed by psychology, neuroscience, and computer science. Philosophy of Mind in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries provides an outstanding survey of the most prominent themes in twentieth-century and contemporary philosophy of mind. It also looks to the future, offering cautious predictions about developments in the field in the years to come. Following an introduction by Amy Kind, twelve specially commissioned chapters by an international team of contributors discuss key topics, thinkers, and debates, including: the phenomenological tradition, the mind–body problem, theories of consciousness, theories of perception, theories of personal identity, mental causation, intentionality, Wittgenstein and his legacy, cognitive science, and future directions for philosophy of mind. Essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of mind and philosophy of psychology, Philosophy of Mind in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries is also a valuable resource for those in related disciplines such as psychology and cognitive science.
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Physical Education Pedagogies written by Catherine D. Ennis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 1003 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first fully comprehensive review of theory, research and practice in physical education to be published in over a decade, this handbook represents an essential, evidence-based guide for all students, researchers and practitioners working in PE. Showcasing the latest research and theoretical work, it offers important insights into effective curriculum management, student learning, teaching and teacher development across a variety of learning environments. This handbook not only examines the methods, influences and contexts of physical education in schools, but also discusses the implications for professional practice. It includes both the traditional and the transformative, spanning physical education pedagogies from the local to the international. It also explores key questions and analysis techniques used in PE research, illuminating the links between theory and practice. Its nine sections cover a wide range of topics including: curriculum theory, development, policy and reform transformative pedagogies and adapted physical activity educating teachers and analysing teaching the role of student and teacher cognition achievement motivation. Offering an unprecedented wealth of material, the Routledge Handbook of Physical Education Pedagogies is an essential reference for any undergraduate or postgraduate degree programme in physical education or sports coaching, and any teacher training course with a physical education element.
Download or read book Education Spirituality Creativity written by Tania Stoltz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education, spirituality and creativity help to navigate possible courses of action, in a life marked by commercialization and loss of meaning. Education that promotes knowledge and managing information while neglecting autonomous cognition and creative action can be found everywhere. On the other hand, education, spirituality and creativity are essential for a life led with awareness, empathy and criticism that are reflected upon in the present anthology by authors from Brazil and Europe. They inspire new educational approaches and encourage immersing oneself in undefined and uncertain phenomena.The Editors
Download or read book Understanding Mental Health and Mental Illness written by Paul H. Jenkins and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of whether someone is psychologically healthy or mentally ill, and the fundamental nature of mental health underlying that question has been debated in cultural, academic, and clinical settings for millennia. This book provides an overview of how people have conceptualized and understood mental illness through the ages. The book begins by looking at mental illness in humanity’s evolutionary past then moves through the major historical epochs: the mythological, the Classical, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, and modern, and the postmodern. At each point, it focuses on major elements that emerged regarding how people judged sanity and insanity and places major emphasis on the growing fields of psychiatry and psychology as they emerged and developed. As the book moves into the twenty-first century, Dr. Jenkins presents his integrated model of knowledge, a systemic, holistic model of the psyche that creates a conceptual foundation for understanding both psychological wellness and disorder and approaching assessment and diagnosis. This text provides a valuable exploration of mental health and illness across the ages and gives those already well versed in the subject matter a fresh perspective on the past and new model of knowledge and assessment for the future.
Download or read book The Palgrave Handbook of Twentieth and Twenty First Century Literature and Science written by Neel Ahuja and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook illustrates the evolution of literature and science, in collaboration and contestation, across the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The essays it gathers question the charged rhetoric that pits science against the humanities while also demonstrating the ways in which the convergence of literary and scientific approaches strengthens cultural analyses of colonialism, race, sex, labor, state formation, and environmental destruction. The broad scope of this collection explores the shifting relations between literature and science that have shaped our own cultural moment, sometimes in ways that create a problematic hierarchy of knowledge and other times in ways that encourage fruitful interdisciplinary investigations, innovative modes of knowledge production, and politically charged calls for social justice. Across units focused on epistemologies, techniques and methods, ethics and politics, and forms and genres, the chapters address problems ranging across epidemiology and global health, genomics and biotechnology, environmental and energy sciences, behaviorism and psychology, physics, and computational and surveillance technologies. Chapter 19 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Critical Theory in the Twenty First Century written by Darrow Schecter and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical Theory in the Twenty-First Century provides a thorough overview of critical theory, looking at its history and shortfalls. First, the book explains the developments from the Frankfurt School and from more recent schools of thought, including Derrida, Deleuze, deconstruction, and post-structuralism. Then it looks at how critical theory has not kept pace with the changes and conflicts brought on by the post-Cold War world and globalization and how its deficits can be addressed. For the author, more than ever critical theory needs to synthesize theoretical perspective and empirical research. It also needs to be reconfigured in the light of the demands of new social movements, post-colonialism, and globalization. This volume is part of Critical Theory and Contemporary Society, a series that uses critical theory to explore contemporary society as a complex phenomenon and includes works on democracy, social movements, and terrorism. A unique resource, Critical Theory in the Twenty First Century will interest anyone researching issues in political theory, international relations theory, social theory, and critical theory.
Download or read book Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence written by Rajakishore Nath and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the major philosophical issues in the theoretical framework of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in particular and cognitive science in general. The researchers in AI are concerned with the issues of consciousness, human subjectivity, creativity, etc. Cognitive Science and AI argue that consciousness can be artificially created and comprehended in the function of robots. The robotic activities explain the mechanism involved in computation, language processing, sensing the information, etc. Contrary to this thesis, the philosophical study tries to show that human consciousness, thinking, imagination, etc. are much larger concepts and need to be delved into in the broad theoretical framework. This book is a critique of the mechanistic theory of mind. It shows the basic foundation of AI and its limitations in explaining the activities of the human mental life. Machine-functionalism fails to account for the subjective nature of consciousness and the creativity involved in the conscious acts. There are two aspects of this thesis-- the epistemological and the metaphysical. Epistemologically, the subject of consciousness intimately knows the raw feelings or the qualia. Metaphysically speaking, however, the raw feelings are real in the sense that they are part of the furniture of the mental world. Therefore, we can hardly deny that the mental world is real.
Download or read book Macrocognition written by Bryce Huebner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in an age of scientific collaboration, popular uprisings, failing political parties, and increasing corporate power. Many of these kinds of collective action derive from the decisions of intelligent and powerful leaders, and many others emerge as a result of the aggregation of individual interests. But genuinely collective mentality remains a seductive possibility. This book develops a novel approach to distributed cognition and collective intentionality. It argues that genuine cognition requires the capacity to engage in flexible goal-directed behavior, and that this requires specialized representational systems that are integrated in a way that yields fluid and skillful coping with environmental contingencies. In line with this argument, the book claims that collective mentality should be posited where and only where specialized subroutines are integrated to yields goal-directed behavior that is sensitive to the concerns that are relevant to a group as such. Unlike traditional claims about collective intentionality, this approach reveals that there are many kinds of collective minds: some groups have cognitive capacities that are more like those that we find in honeybees or cats than they are like those that we find in people. Indeed, groups are unlikely to be "believers" in the fullest sense of the term, and understanding why this is the case sheds new light on questions about collective intentionality and collective responsibility.
