Download or read book The TOGAF Standard 10th Edition Introduction and Core Concepts written by The Open Group and published by Van Haren. This book was released on 2022-04-25 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is the TOGAF Standard — Introduction and Core Concepts. It has been developed and approved by The Open Group, and is part of the TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition. This document introduces the standard, including an executive overview of Enterprise Architecture, a description of how the standard is organized, and a summary of core concepts. It also contains the material common to the individual documents that comprise the standard, such as the definitions, as well as document references and abbreviations. It covers the following topics: • An introduction to the standard, including an executive overview of Enterprise Architecture • A description of the TOGAF documentation set, describing the contents of the standard and the supporting TOGAF Library • The core concepts that apply across the TOGAF Standard • The terms and definitions that apply across the TOGAF Standard • A glossary of supplementary definitions The TOGAF Standard is intended for Enterprise Architects, Business Architects, IT Architects, Data Architects, Systems Architects, Solution Architects, and anyone responsible for the architecture function within an organization. Other audiences are Digital and Agile Practitioners, Product Managers, and C-Suite. These audiences will find more detailed guidance on how to apply the standard to fulfill specific needs in the TOGAF Series Guides.
Download or read book The Togaf Standard Introduction and Core Concepts written by OPEN GROUP and published by . This book was released on 2022-04-25 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This document is the TOGAF Standard -- Introduction and Core Concepts. It has been developed and approved by The Open Group, and is part of the TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition. This document introduces the standard, including an executive overview of Enterprise Architecture, a description of how the standard is organized, and a summary of core concepts. It also contains the material common to the individual documents that comprise the standard, such as the definitions, as well as document references and abbreviations. It covers the following topics: - An introduction to the standard, including an executive overview of Enterprise Architecture - A description of the TOGAF documentation set, describing the contents of the standard and the supporting TOGAF Library - The core concepts that apply across the TOGAF Standard - The terms and definitions that apply across the TOGAF Standard - A glossary of supplementary definitions The TOGAF Standard is intended for Enterprise Architects, Business Architects, IT Architects, Data Architects, Systems Architects, Solution Architects, and anyone responsible for the architecture function within an organization. Other audiences are Digital and Agile Practitioners, Product Managers, and C-Suite. These audiences will find more detailed guidance on how to apply the standard to fulfill specific needs in the TOGAF Series Guides.
Download or read book The TOGAF Standard Version 9 2 written by The Open Group and published by Van Haren. This book was released on 2018-04-16 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The TOGAF standard is a framework - a detailed method and a set of supporting tools - for developing an Enterprise Architecture, developed by members of The Open Group Architecture Forum. The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 is an update providing additional guidance, correcting errors, introducing structural changes to support the TOGAF Library (an extensive collection of reference material), and removing obsolete content. It may be used freely by any organization wishing to develop an Enterprise Architecture for use within that organization (subject to the Conditions of Use). This Book is divided into six parts: • Part I - Introduction This part provides a high-level introduction to the key concepts of Enterprise Architecture and in particular the TOGAF approach. It contains the definitions of terms used throughout the standard. • Part II - Architecture Development Method This is the core of the TOGAF framework. It describes the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) – a step-by-step approach to developing an Enterprise Architecture. • Part III - ADM Guidelines & Techniques This part contains a collection of guidelines and techniques available for use in applying the TOGAF framework and the TOGAF ADM. Additional guidelines and techniques are also in the TOGAF Library (available online from The Open Group). • Part IV - Architecture Content Framework This part describes the TOGAF content framework, including a structured metamodel for architectural artifacts, the use of re-usable architecture building blocks, and an overview of typical architecture deliverables. • Part V - Enterprise Continuum & Tools This part discusses appropriate taxonomies and tools to categorize and store the outputs of architecture activity within an enterprise. • Part VI Architecture Capability Framework This part discusses the organization, processes, skills, roles, and responsibilities required to establish and operate an architecture practice within an enterprise.
Download or read book The TOGAF Standard Version 9 2 A Pocket Guide written by The Open Group and published by Van Haren. This book was released on 2018-04-16 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the official Pocket Guide for the TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2, from The Open Group. It is published in hard copy and electronic formats by Van Haren Publishing. The TOGAF Standard, a standard of The Open Group, is a proven Enterprise Architecture methodology and framework used by the world’s leading organizations to improve business efficiency. It is the most prominent and reliable Enterprise Architecture standard, ensuring consistent standards, methods, and communication among Enterprise Architecture professionals. Those professionals who are fluent in the TOGAF approach enjoy greater industry credibility, job effectiveness, and career opportunities. The TOGAF approach helps practitioners avoid being locked into proprietary methods, utilize resources more efficiently and effectively, and realize a greater return on investment.
Download or read book TOGAF Version 9 1 written by The Open Group and published by Van Haren. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For trainers free additional material of this book is available. This can be found under the "Training Material" tab. Log in with your trainer account to access the material. TOGAF is a framework - a detailed method and a set of supporting tools - for developing an enterprise architecture, developed by members of The Open Group Architecture Forum. TOGAF Version 9.1 is a maintenance update to TOGAF 9, addressing comments raised since the introduction of TOGAF 9 in 2009. It retains the major features and structure of TOGAF 9, thereby preserving existing investment in TOGAF, and adds further detail and clarification to what is already proven.It may be used freely by any organization wishing to develop an enterprise architecture for use within that organization (subject to the Conditions of Use). This Book is divided into seven parts: Part I - Introduction This part provides a high-level introduction to the key concepts of enterprise architecture and in particular the TOGAF approach. It contains the definitions of terms used throughout TOGAF and release notes detailing the changes between this version and the previous version of TOGAF. Part II - Architecture Development Method This is the core of TOGAF. It describes the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) a step-by-step approach to developing an enterprise architecture. Part III - ADM Guidelines & Techniques This part contains a collection of guidelines and techniques available for use in applying TOGAF and the TOGAF ADM. Part IV - Architecture Content Framework This part describes the TOGAF content framework, including a structured metamodel for architectural artifacts, the use of re-usable architecture building blocks, and an overview of typical architecture deliverables. Part V - Enterprise Continuum & Tools This part discusses appropriate taxonomies and tools to categorize and store the outputs of architecture activity within an enterprise. Part VI - TOGAF Reference Models This part provides a selection of architectural reference models, which includes the TOGAF Foundation Architecture, and the Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM). Part VII Architecture Capability Framework This section looks at roles, Governance, compliance skills and much more practical guidance
Download or read book The TOGAF Standard 10th Edition Introduction and Core Concepts written by The Open Group and published by Van Haren. This book was released on 2022-04-25 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is the TOGAF Standard — Introduction and Core Concepts. It has been developed and approved by The Open Group, and is part of the TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition. This document introduces the standard, including an executive overview of Enterprise Architecture, a description of how the standard is organized, and a summary of core concepts. It also contains the material common to the individual documents that comprise the standard, such as the definitions, as well as document references and abbreviations. It covers the following topics: • An introduction to the standard, including an executive overview of Enterprise Architecture • A description of the TOGAF documentation set, describing the contents of the standard and the supporting TOGAF Library • The core concepts that apply across the TOGAF Standard • The terms and definitions that apply across the TOGAF Standard • A glossary of supplementary definitions The TOGAF Standard is intended for Enterprise Architects, Business Architects, IT Architects, Data Architects, Systems Architects, Solution Architects, and anyone responsible for the architecture function within an organization. Other audiences are Digital and Agile Practitioners, Product Managers, and C-Suite. These audiences will find more detailed guidance on how to apply the standard to fulfill specific needs in the TOGAF Series Guides.
Download or read book TOGAF Version 9 1 written by The Open Group and published by Van Haren. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For trainers free additional material of this book is available. This can be found under the "Training Material" tab. Log in with your trainer account to access the material. TOGAF is a framework - a detailed method and a set of supporting tools - for developing an enterprise architecture, developed by members of The Open Group Architecture Forum. TOGAF Version 9.1 is a maintenance update to TOGAF 9, addressing comments raised since the introduction of TOGAF 9 in 2009. It retains the major features and structure of TOGAF 9, thereby preserving existing investment in TOGAF, and adds further detail and clarification to what is already proven.It may be used freely by any organization wishing to develop an enterprise architecture for use within that organization (subject to the Conditions of Use). This Book is divided into seven parts: Part I - Introduction This part provides a high-level introduction to the key concepts of enterprise architecture and in particular the TOGAF approach. It contains the definitions of terms used throughout TOGAF and release notes detailing the changes between this version and the previous version of TOGAF. Part II - Architecture Development Method This is the core of TOGAF. It describes the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) a step-by-step approach to developing an enterprise architecture. Part III - ADM Guidelines & Techniques This part contains a collection of guidelines and techniques available for use in applying TOGAF and the TOGAF ADM. Part IV - Architecture Content Framework This part describes the TOGAF content framework, including a structured metamodel for architectural artifacts, the use of re-usable architecture building blocks, and an overview of typical architecture deliverables. Part V - Enterprise Continuum & Tools This part discusses appropriate taxonomies and tools to categorize and store the outputs of architecture activity within an enterprise. Part VI - TOGAF Reference Models This part provides a selection of architectural reference models, which includes the TOGAF Foundation Architecture, and the Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM). Part VII Architecture Capability Framework This section looks at roles, Governance, compliance skills and much more practical guidance
Download or read book SOA Source Book written by The Open Group and published by Van Haren. This book was released on 2020-06-11 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Software services are established as a programming concept, but their impact on the overall architecture of enterprise IT and business operations is not well-understood. This has led to problems in deploying SOA, and some disillusionment. The SOA Source Book adds to this a collection of reference material for SOA. It is an invaluable resource for enterprise architects working with SOA.The SOA Source Book will help enterprise architects to use SOA effectively. It explains: What SOA is How to evaluate SOA features in business terms How to model SOA How to use The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF ) for SOA SOA governance This book explains how TOGAF can help to make an Enterprise Architecture. Enterprise Architecture is an approach that can help management to understand this growing complexity.
Download or read book The TOGAF Standard 10th Edition Leader s Guide written by The Open Group and published by Van Haren. This book was released on 2022-04-26 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is a TOGAF Series Guide: The TOGAF Leader’s Guide to Establishing and Evolving an EA Capability. It has been developed and approved by The Open Group, and is part of the TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition. Written for the Enterprise Architecture Capability Leader, the person who is tasked to lead the effort to establish or evolve an Enterprise Architecture Capability, the Leader’s Guide presents advice on establishing an Enterprise Architecture Capability that aligns to a set of requirements and expectations that are specific to each enterprise. It proposes an approach for the standing-up and enhancement of an enterprise’s Enterprise Architecture Capability, based upon established best practices. This approach follows a configured path through the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM). This document: Introduces key topics of concern Defines the terms related to the topic Shows the terms that are related to an EA Capability Discusses what the Leader needs to know Describes what the Leader should do with this knowledge It covers the following topics: An introduction to the topic, including an assessment of the state of EA, definitions, and key concepts used in the Guide A narrative that is a companion to the TOGAF ADM, that leads the reader through a series of topics and related steps to assist in stepping back from the current operational context to seek a broader perspective How to adopt an EA Capability, including the preparation and initiation activities required to establish or enhance the EA Capability A mapping of how the TOGAF ADM can be used for architecting and establishing an EA Capability
Download or read book The TOGAF Standard 10th Edition A Pocket Guide written by Andrew Josey and published by Van Haren. This book was released on 2022-04-26 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the official Pocket Guide for the TOGAF® Standard, 10th Edition from The Open Group. Building on over 25 years of development and constant input from The Open Group Architecture Forum’s global community of Enterprise Architecture thought leaders, the TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition expands the material available to architecture practitioners to make adoption of best practices easier. With greatly expanded guidance and “how-to” material, it enables organizations to operate in an efficient and effective way across a broad range of use-cases, including Agile enterprises and Digital Transformation. The TOGAF Standard is the most prominent and reliable Enterprise Architecture standard, ensuring consistent standards, methods, and communication among Enterprise Architecture professionals. Those professionals who are fluent in the TOGAF approach enjoy greater industry credibility, job effectiveness, and career opportunities. The TOGAF approach helps practitioners avoid being locked into proprietary methods, utilize resources more efficiently and effectively, and realize a greater return on investment. This official Pocket Guide provides an overview of the contents and purpose of the TOGAF Standard in a condensed form. As such it does not cover every aspect of the standard in detail, but provides highlights and key reference information. Topics covered include: A high-level introduction to the TOGAF Standard, introducing the modular TOGAF documentation set, the TOGAF Library, and the TOGAF framework Guidance on how to read the standard An introduction to the general how-to information provided in the TOGAF Standard, including guidance for practitioners, and how to use the standard in the Digital Enterprise An overview of guidance to support the establishment of an Enterprise Architecture team An overview of the guidance provided in the TOGAF Standard for specific topic domains, including Security Architecture, Business Architecture, Data/Information Architecture, Agile Methods, and Reference Models and Methods An introduction to the TOGAF Fundamental Content documents provided in the TOGAF Standard, which describe the concepts considered to be universally applicable to the TOGAF framework, including: Key techniques of the ADM cycle Guidelines for adapting the TOGAF ADM for different usage scenarios The Architecture Content Framework Enterprise Architecture Capability and Guidance The TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM), including summary phases for each of the ADM phases An overview of ADM deliverables
Download or read book ArchiMate 3 0 1 Specification written by The Open Group and published by Van Haren. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ArchiMate® Specification, an Open Group Standard, defines an open and independent modeling language for Enterprise Architecture that is supported by different tool vendors and consulting firms. The ArchiMate language enables Enterprise Architects to describe, analyze, and visualize the relationships among business domains in an unambiguous way. This book is the official specification of the ArchiMate 3.0.1 modeling language from The Open Group. ArchiMate 3.0.1 is a minor update to ArchiMate 3.0, containing the set of corrections from ArchiMate 3.0 Technical Corrigendum No. 1 (U172). This addresses inconsistencies and errors identified since the publication of Version 3.0 in June 2016. The ArchiMate Specification supports modeling throughout the TOGAF® Architecture Development Method (ADM). New features in Version 3 include elements for modeling the enterprise at a strategic level, such as capability, resource, and outcome. It also includes support to model the physical world of materials and equipment. Furthermore, the consistency and structure of the language have been improved, definitions have been aligned with other standards, and its usability has been enhanced in various other ways. The intended audience is threefold: • Enterprise Architecture practitioners, such as architects (e.g., business, application, information, process, infrastructure, and, obviously, enterprise architects), senior and operational management, project leaders, and anyone committed to work within the reference framework defined by the Enterprise Architecture. • Those who intend to implement the ArchiMate language in a software tool; they will find a complete and detailed description of the language in this book. • The academic community, on which we rely for amending and improving the language, based on state-of-the-art research results in the Enterprise Architecture field.
Download or read book Enterprise Application Architecture with NET Core written by Ganesan Senthilvel and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Architect and design highly scalable, robust, clean and highly performant applications in .NET Core About This Book Incorporate architectural soft-skills such as DevOps and Agile methodologies to enhance program-level objectives Gain knowledge of architectural approaches on the likes of SOA architecture and microservices to provide traceability and rationale for architectural decisions Explore a variety of practical use cases and code examples to implement the tools and techniques described in the book Who This Book Is For This book is for experienced .NET developers who are aspiring to become architects of enterprise-grade applications, as well as software architects who would like to leverage .NET to create effective blueprints of applications. What You Will Learn Grasp the important aspects and best practices of application lifecycle management Leverage the popular ALM tools, application insights, and their usage to monitor performance, testability, and optimization tools in an enterprise Explore various authentication models such as social media-based authentication, 2FA and OpenID Connect, learn authorization techniques Explore Azure with various solution approaches for Microservices and Serverless architecture along with Docker containers Gain knowledge about the recent market trends and practices and how they can be achieved with .NET Core and Microsoft tools and technologies In Detail If you want to design and develop enterprise applications using .NET Core as the development framework and learn about industry-wide best practices and guidelines, then this book is for you. The book starts with a brief introduction to enterprise architecture, which will help you to understand what enterprise architecture is and what the key components are. It will then teach you about the types of patterns and the principles of software development, and explain the various aspects of distributed computing to keep your applications effective and scalable. These chapters act as a catalyst to start the practical implementation, and design and develop applications using different architectural approaches, such as layered architecture, service oriented architecture, microservices and cloud-specific solutions. Gradually, you will learn about the different approaches and models of the Security framework and explore various authentication models and authorization techniques, such as social media-based authentication and safe storage using app secrets. By the end of the book, you will get to know the concepts and usage of the emerging fields, such as DevOps, BigData, architectural practices, and Artificial Intelligence. Style and approach Filled with examples and use cases, this guide takes a no-nonsense approach to show you the best tools and techniques required to become a successful software architect.
Download or read book TOGAF 9 Certified Study Guide 2nd Edition written by Rachel Harrison and published by Van Haren. This book was released on 2020-06-11 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The TOGAF 9 certification program is a knowledge-based certification program. It has two levels, leading to certification for TOGAF 9 Foundation and TOGAF 9 Certified, respectively. The purpose of certification to TOGAF 9 Certified is to provide validation that, in addition to the knowledge and comprehension of TOGAF 9 Foundation level, the Candidate is able to analyze and apply this knowledge. The learning objectives at this level therefore focus on application and analysis in addition to knowledge and comprehension. This Study Guide supports students in preparation for the TOGAF 9 Part 2 Examination, leading to TOGAF 9 Certified.
Download or read book Courseware Based on the Togaf Standard Certified 10 Edition Level 1 written by Van Haren Publishing and published by . This book was released on 2023-09-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Besides the Courseware based on The TOGAF(R) Standard, Version 9.2 - Foundation (Level 1) publication you are advised to obtain the publication Courseware based on the TOGAF standard, 10th edition - Certified (level 1). Van Haren Publishing is listed as an accredited TOGAF(R) 10 training course provider on the TOGAF(R) Accreditation Register for The TOGAF(R) Standard. The Courseware Package offered by Van Haren consists out of - The TOGAF(R) Standard, 10th Edition -- Introduction and Core Concepts - The TOGAF(R) Standard, 10th Edition - Architecture Development Method - The TOGAF(R) Standard, 10th Edition Content, Capability, and Governance - The TOGAF(R) Standard, 10th Edition - A Pocket Guide - The TOGAF(R) Standard, 10th Edition - Leader's Guide - The TOGAF(R) Standard, 10th Edition - Business Architecture - The TOGAF(R) Standard, 10th Edition - ADM Practitioners' Guide - The TOGAF(R) Standard, 10th Edition - Enterprise Agility and Digital Transformation and the TOGAF(R) exam voucher (ordered directly or via The Open Group). The TOGAF(R) Standard has been developed through the collaborative efforts of the whole community. Using The TOGAF(R) Standard results in an Enterprise Architecture that is consistent, reflects the needs of stakeholders, employs best practice, and gives due consideration both to current requirements and the perceived future needs of the business. Disclaimer: These courseware materials separately are not accredited and do not provide any right to use the trademark. Also these materials may not be commercially used without a Commercial License from The Open Group. When registered for a TOGAF(R) course, the exam/certification voucher is included in the training fee. Order directly or contact info(at)vanharen.net if you have any questions.
Download or read book The TOGAF Standard 10th Edition Business Architecture written by The Open Group and published by Van Haren. This book was released on 2022-04-26 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is a compilation of TOGAF Series Guides addressing Business Architecture. It has been developed and approved by The Open Group and is part of the TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition. It consists of the following documents: TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Models This document provides a basis for Enterprise Architects to understand and utilize business models, which describe the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value. It covers the concept and purpose of business models and highlights the Business Model CanvasTM technique. TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Capabilities, Version 2 This document answers key questions about what a business capability is, and how it is used to enhance business analysis and planning. It addresses how to provide the architect with a means to create a capability map and align it with other Business Architecture viewpoints in support of business planning processes. TOGAF® Series Guide: Value Streams Value streams are one of the core elements of a Business Architecture. This document provides an architected approach to developing a business value model. It addresses how to identify, define, model, and map a value stream to other key components of an enterprise’s Business Architecture. TOGAF® Series Guide: Information Mapping This document describes how to develop an Information Map that articulates, characterizes, and visually represents information that is critical to the business. It provides architects with a framework to help understand what information matters most to a business before developing or proposing solutions. TOGAF® Series Guide: Organization Mapping This document shows how organization mapping provides the organizational context to an Enterprise Architecture. While capability mapping exposes what a business does and value stream mapping exposes how it delivers value to specific stakeholders, the organization map identifies the business units or third parties that possess or use those capabilities, and which participate in the value streams. TOGAF® Series Guide: Business Scenarios This document describes the Business Scenarios technique, which provides a mechanism to fully understand the requirements of information technology and align it with business needs. It shows how Business Scenarios can be used to develop resonating business requirements and how they support and enable the enterprise to achieve its business objectives.
Download or read book Enterprise Architecture at Work written by Marc Lankhorst and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-20 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An enterprise architecture tries to describe and control an organisation’s structure, processes, applications, systems and techniques in an integrated way. The unambiguous specification and description of components and their relationships in such an architecture requires a coherent architecture modelling language. Lankhorst and his co‐authors present such an enterprise modelling language that captures the complexity of architectural domains and their relations and allows the construction of integrated enterprise architecture models. They provide architects with concrete instruments that improve their architectural practice. As this is not enough, they additionally present techniques and heuristics for communicating with all relevant stakeholders about these architectures. Since an architecture model is useful not only for providing insight into the current or future situation but can also be used to evaluate the transition from ‘as‐is’ to ‘to‐be’, the authors also describe analysis methods for assessing both the qualitative impact of changes to an architecture and the quantitative aspects of architectures, such as performance and cost issues. The modelling language presented has been proven in practice in many real‐life case studies and has been adopted by The Open Group as an international standard. So this book is an ideal companion for enterprise IT or business architects in industry as well as for computer or management science students studying the field of enterprise architecture.
Download or read book TOGAF Version 9 1 A Pocket Guide written by Andrew Josey and published by Van Haren. This book was released on 2016-01-01 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Note: This book is available in several languages: Brazilian Portuguese, English, Spanish, French. This is the official Open Group Pocket Guide for TOGAF Version 9.1 and is published in hard copy and electronic format by Van Haren Publishing on behalf of The Open Group. TOGAF®, an Open Group Standard, is a proven enterprise architecture methodology and framework used by the world s leading organizations to improve business efficiency. It is the most prominent and reliable enterprise architecture standard, ensuring consistent standards, methods, and communication among enterprise architecture professionals. Enterprise architecture professionals fluent in TOGAF standards enjoy greater industry credibility, job effectiveness, and career opportunities. TOGAF helps practitioners avoid being locked into proprietary methods, utilize resources more efficiently and effectively, and realize a greater return on investment.
