Download or read book The Temperature Salinity Relationship of the Mixed Layer written by R. Ferrari and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surface mixed layer of the ocean is often characterized by density compensation between the horizontal temperature and salinity gradients. In this contribution we present a combination of theoretical arguments and numerical simulations to investigate how compensation might emerge as a result of processes at work within the mixed layer. The dynamics of the mixed layer are investigated through a simple model. The model consists of a pair of coupled advection-diffusion equations for heat and salt. The coupling arises through a nonlinear diffusion operator proportional to the buoyancy gradient, which parameterizes the combined effect of slumping and mixing of small-scale horizontal buoyancy gradients. Numerical solutions of the mixed layer model show that the nonlinear diffusion creates compensation between the temperature and salinity gradients, while the stirring field maintains alignment between the two gradients. The results of this work suggest a new parameterization of the horizontal fluxes of heat and salt for numerical models of the mixed layer.
Download or read book Regional Oceanography written by Matthias Tomczak and published by Daya Books. This book was released on 2003 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to regional oceanography for students in all fields of marine sciences. The two core principles are the use of the most modern data base for all maps of the regional distribution of properties, and discussion of all observed features within a frame of reference developed from ocean dynamics, rather than based on the simple geographical approach. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Temperature Salinity Analysis of World Ocean Waters written by O.I. Mamayev and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-05-22 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature-Salinity Analysis of World Ocean Waters
Download or read book The Effect of Convection Upon the Mixed layer Depth written by Arthur C. Luskin and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Salinity in Equatorial Mixed Layers written by Pegeen O'Neil Stougard and published by . This book was released on 1998-06-01 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to understand the role of surface salinity flux in changing heat exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere by means of its effect on mixed layer dynamics. This was accomplished by a series of thirty-day mixed layer experiments using the one-dimensional Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) mixed layer model. Results from the NPS mixed layer model, forced with both idealized and in situ data from the western equatorial Pacific Ocean, demonstrated that salinity can play a significant role in potentially changing the surface heat flux, with its effect on the mixed layer depth and mixed layer temperature. Precipitation stabilized the mixed layer by creating a barrier layer, which slowed entrainment. The net accumulation of rain was found to be an important source of buoyancy that reduces entrainment by subsequent wind mixing events.
Download or read book Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean written by Sydney Levitus and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Salinity Effects in an Ocean Mixed Layer Model written by Richard Alan Paulus and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-dimensional mixed-layer model of ocean thermal structure (Camp, 1976) was first modified to determine the effects of a salinity profile on density structure and secondly to observe the added effects of surface salinity flux. The model was tested in August and November-December 1974 with (1) hydrocast data at Ocean Stations HOTEL and PAPA and (2) salinity profiles statistically derived from historical data for six ocean stations and adjusted to correspond to an observed BT. Inclusion of salinity structure did not significantly affect mixed-layer depth or temperature predictions during the summer period. During the winter period, salinity structure tended to inhibit deepening yielding a slightly warmer, shallower mixed layer. Surface salinity flux altered significantly the thickness of the isothermal layer, with decreases in thickness during precipitation (E-P0) and a tendency for increased thickness during some periods of net downward heat flux when E-P0. (Author).
Download or read book The South Atlantic written by Gerold Wefer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents results of recent projects in oceanography and marine geosciences (e.g. WOCE, JGOFS, PAGES, ODP) regarding present and past circulation in the South Atlantic. The objective of the book is to integrate results from both oceanographic and geological studies. As the connecting link between the Antarctic and the North Atlantic, the South Atlantic plays a crucial role with regard to the heat budget of the North Atlantic and to the biogeochemical budget of the global ocean. New results from studies of meridional water mass and heat transports are presented. The central theme of geological investigations is the reconstruction of current and productivity systems in the South Atlantic during the late Quaternary.
Download or read book The Urban Ocean written by Alan F. Blumberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-11 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the physics of the coastal ocean, for advanced students, researchers, urban planners, and environmental engineers.
Download or read book Coupled Ocean atmosphere Models written by Jacques C. J. Nihoul and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1985 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exchange of momentum, heat, moisture, gases (such as CO 2 and O 2 ) and salt between the atmosphere and the ocean is a phenomenon of paramount importance for the dynamics of the atmosphere and the ocean. With the pressing need for reliable climate forecast (e.g. to deal with severe food and energy problems) interactive ocean-atmosphere models have become one of the main objectives of geophysical fluid dynamics. This volume provides the first state-of-the-art review of interactive ocean-atmosphere modelling and its application to climates. The papers are by active and eminent scientists from different countries and different disciplines. They provide a up-to-date survey of major recent discoveries and valuable recommendations for future research."
Download or read book The Turbulent Ocean written by S. A. Thorpe and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-27 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of ocean turbulence is in a state of discovery and development with many intellectual challenges. This book describes the principal dynamic processes that control the distribution of turbulence, its dissipation of kinetic energy and its effects on the dispersion of properties such as heat, salinity, and dissolved or suspended matter in the deep ocean, the shallow coastal and the continental shelf seas. It focuses on the measurement of turbulence, and the consequences of turbulent motion in the oceanic boundary layers at the sea surface and near the seabed. Processes are illustrated by examples of laboratory experiments and field observations. The Turbulent Ocean provides an excellent resource for senior undergraduate and graduate courses, as well as an introduction and general overview for researchers. It will be of interest to all those involved in the study of fluid motion, in particular geophysical fluid mechanics, meteorology and the dynamics of lakes.
Download or read book Ocean Circulation in Three Dimensions written by Barry A. Klinger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An innovative survey of large-scale ocean circulation that links observations, conceptual models, numerical models, and theories.
Download or read book The Production of Temperature and Salinity Variance and Covariance written by Julian Johannes Schanze and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-scale thermal forcing and freshwater fluxes play an essential role in setting temperature and salinity in the ocean. A number of recent estimates of the global oceanic freshwater balance as well as the global oceanic surface net heat flux are used to investigate the effects of heat- and freshwater forcing at the ocean surface. Such forcing induces changes in both density and density-compensated temperature and salinity changes ("spice"). The ratio of the relative contributions of haline and thermal forcing in the mixed layer is maintained by large-scale surface fluxes, leading to important consequences for mixing in the ocean interior. In a stratified ocean, mixing processes can be either along lines of constant density (isopycnal) or across those lines (diapycnal). The contribution of these processes to the total mixing rate in the ocean can be estimated from the large-scale forcing by evaluating the production of thermal variance, salinity variance and temperature-salinity covariance. Here, I use new estimates of surface fluxes to evaluate these terms and combine them to generate estimates of the production of density and spice variance under the assumption of a linear equation of state. As a consequence, it is possible to estimate the relative importance of isopycnal and diapycnal mixing in the ocean. While isopycnal and diapycnal processes occur on very different length scales, I find that the surface-driven production of density and spice variance requires an approximate equipartition between isopycnal and diapycnal mixing in the ocean interior. In addition, consideration of the full nonlinear equation of state reveals that surface fluxes require an apparent buoyancy gain (expansion) of the ocean, which allows an estimate of the amount of contraction on mixing due to cabbeling in the ocean interior.
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-03-27 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book represents all the knowledge we currently have on ocean circulation. It presents an up-to-date summary of the state of the science relating to the role of the oceans in the physical climate system.The book is structured to guide the reader through the wide range of World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) science in a consistent way. Cross-references between contributors have been added, and the book has a comprehensive index and unified reference list.The book is simple to read, at the undergraduate level. It was written by the best scientists in the world who have collaborated to carry out years of experiments to better understand ocean circulation.
Download or read book Mixed Layer Heat and Salinity Variability in the Equatorial Atlantic written by Michael Schlundt and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Physical Climatology written by Dennis L. Hartmann and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1994-07-06 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Physical Climatology is an introductory text devoted to the fundamental physical principles and problems of climate sensitivity and change. Addressing some of the most critical issues in climatology, this text features incisive coverage of topics that are central to understanding orbital parameter theory for past climate changes, and for anthropogenic and natural causes of near-future changes--Key Features* Covers the physics of climate change* Examines the nature of the current climate and its previous changes* Explores the sensitivity of climate and the mechanisms by which humans are likely to produce near-future climate changes* Provides instructive end-of-chapter exercises and appendices
Download or read book Ocean Circulation Theory written by Joseph Pedlosky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the advances made in the last decade and a half in this field. Based on an advanced graduate level course, the book represents fundamental insights into the structure of the physical theory of the large-scale dynamics of the oceans. The author has maintained throughout a blend of analytical and numerical results so as to achieve as deep a physical understanding of the dynamics of the large-scale circulations as possible. The results of the theories are compared with observations and the success or inadequacies of the theories are highlighted. Topics of particular interest are: theory of the wind-driven circulation, the thermocline, the equatorial circulation and the abyssal circulation. Much of the material - previously scattered throughout the literature - has been collated here for the first time.
