Download or read book The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act An Appraisal written by Mr.Nigel A Chalk and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the landmark Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), from the perspective of both the U.S. itself and the wider world. The reform has many positive aspects including steps to broaden the base of, and reduce marginal rates under, the personal income tax (PIT), reduce distortions to investment and financing decisions, and mitigate outward profit shifting. But the TCJA has a large fiscal price tag and leaves significant uncertainty as to how the U.S. tax system will develop. The PIT changes could have better targeted relief at low earners, and there is scope to more fully address distortions in business taxation. The novel international provisions create a complex array of both positive and negative international spillovers, and have the potential to significantly reshape the wider international tax system.

Download or read book TAX CUTS AND JOBS ACT H Rept 115 409 written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book TAX CUTS AND JOBS ACT H Rept 115 466 written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book U S Investment Since the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 written by Emanuel Kopp and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no consensus on how strongly the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) has stimulated U.S. private fixed investment. Some argue that the business tax provisions spurred investment by cutting the cost of capital. Others see the TCJA primarily as a windfall for shareholders. We find that U.S. business investment since 2017 has grown strongly compared to pre-TCJA forecasts and that the overriding factor driving it has been the strength of expected aggregate demand. Investment has, so far, fallen short of predictions based on the postwar relation with tax cuts. Model simulations and firm-level data suggest that much of this weaker response reflects a lower sensitivity of investment to tax policy changes in the current environment of greater corporate market power. Economic policy uncertainty in 2018 played a relatively small role in dampening investment growth.

Download or read book Every Nonprofit s Tax Guide written by Stephen Fishman and published by Nolo. This book was released on 2023-09-26 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential tax reference book for every nonprofit Nonprofits enjoy privileges not available to other organizations. But these privileges come with obligations: Nonprofits must comply with special IRS rules and regulations to maintain their tax-exempt status. Practical, comprehensive, and easy to understand, Every Nonprofit’s Tax Guide explains ongoing and annual IRS compliance requirements for nonprofits, including: • a detailed explanation of Form 990 • requirements for filing Form 990-EZ electronically • how to file Form 1099-NEC • conflicts of interest and compensation rules • charitable giving rules • unrelated taxable business income rules • lobbying and political activity restrictions, and • nonprofit bookkeeping. Whether you are just starting your nonprofit or are well established, you’ll find all the information you need to avoid the most common issues nonprofits run into with the IRS.

Download or read book Tax Spillovers from US Corporate Income Tax Reform written by Sebastian Beer and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes, and where possible tentatively quantifies, likely tax spillovers from the U.S. corporate income tax reform that was part of the broader 2017 tax reform. It calculates effective tax rates under various assumptions, showing among other findings, how the interest limitation and the Foreign Derived Intangible Income provision can raise or reduce rates. It tentatively estimates that under constant policies elsewhere, the rate cut will reduce tax revenue from multinationals in other countries by on average 1.6 to 5.2 percent. If other countries react in line with historical reaction functions, the revenue loss from multinationals rises to an average of 4.5 to 13.5 percent. The paper also discusses profit-shifting, real location, and policy reactions from the more complex features of the reform.

Download or read book Corporate Taxation in the Global Economy written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-03-10 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The policy paper Corporate Taxation in the Global Economy stresses the need to maintain and build on the progress in international cooperation on tax matters that has been achieved in recent years, and in some respects now appears under stress. With special attention to the circumstances of developing countries, the paper identifies and discusses various options currently under discussion for the international tax system to ensure that countries, and in particular low-income countries, can continue to collect corporate tax revenues from multinational activities.

Download or read book Canada written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-07-16 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected Issues

Download or read book Tax Cuts and Jobs Act Conference Report to Accompany H R 1 written by Congress (U S Joint Committee on Taxat and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2018-01-08 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report, you will find guidance about the tax rate reform legislation for working American taxpayer citizens that file Federal individual tax returns. This report outlines modifications for taxable years 2018 through 2025. Populations covered are married individuals filing joint returns and surviving spouses, head of households, unmarried individuals other than surviving spouses and heads of households, married individuals filing separate returns, estates and trusts, and more. Additionally, you will find specific tax rate information and criteria relating to deductions for qualified business income, simplification and reform of family and individual tax credits including child tax credit and new family credit, credit for elderly and permanently disabled, repeal of credit for plug-in electric drive motor vehicles, modification of deduction for home mortgage interest, modifications to the deduction for charitable contributions, reform of American opportunity tax credit and repeal of lifetime learning credit, reforms to discharge of certain student loan indebtness, repeal of deduction for student loan interest and qualified tuition and related expenses, reduction in corporate tax rate, and much more. Adult American citizens required to file Federal income taxes, small businesses and corporation owners and staff, certified public accountants, tax professionals including tax advisors and preparers, payroll staff, IRS officials and agents, members of Congress, and charitable organizations may be interested in this legislation. Students pursuing coursework in tax preparation, business accounting, tax advisory, and public finance courses may find this primary source legislation helpful for research papers and testing requirements. Related products: H.R. 1, To Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018, Title A, Individual Tax Reform produced by U.S. Senate with Amendments specifically to the repeal of sections with amendments for the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/hr-1-individual-tax-reform Jobs & Employment resources collection here:https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/jobs-employment Taxes, Audits & Accounting collection here:https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/taxes-audits-accounting

Download or read book Corporate Income Taxes under Pressure written by Ruud A. de Mooij and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-02-26 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the difficulties of the current international corporate income tax system. It starts by describing its origins and how changes, such as the development of multinational enterprises and digitalization have created fundamental problems, not foreseen at its inception. These include tax competition—as governments try to attract tax bases through low tax rates or incentives, and profit shifting, as companies avoid tax by reporting profits in jurisdictions with lower tax rates. The book then discusses solutions, including both evolutionary changes to the current system and fundamental reform options. It covers both reform efforts already under way, for example under the Inclusive Framework at the OECD, and potential radical reform ideas developed by academics.

Download or read book OECD G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation Economic Impact Assessment Inclusive Framework on BEPS written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In May 2019, the Inclusive Framework adopted a Programme of Work, which was endorsed by the G20 Finance Ministers and G20 Leaders in June 2019. The Programme of Work outlined proposals in two pillars that could form the basis for a multilateral consensus-based solution. This report presents an ex ante analysis of the economic and tax revenue implications of the Pillar One and Pillar Two proposals under discussion by the Inclusive Framework as part of its work to address the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy.

Download or read book Germany written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper explores wealth inequality and private savings in Germany. Trends in increasing corporate profits and gross savings have widened top income inequality, as corporations are typically owned by households in the top of the wealth distribution. The impact on income inequality is more pronounced in countries where the rise in profitability was a result of lower wage growth and labor income shares to start with, as was the case in Germany. The evidence strongly suggests this is not the case and underscores the important role of German business wealth concentration in this context. As high corporate savings and underlying profits largely reflect capital income accruing to wealthy households and increasingly retained in closely-held firms, the build-up of external imbalance has been accompanied by widening top income inequality, rising private savings and compressed consumption rates. The concentration of privately held and publicly listed firm ownership in the hands of industrial dynasties and institutional investors is especially prevalent in Germany, possibly reflecting distortions in firm entry, financing conditions and tax incentives.

Download or read book United States 2021 Article IV Consultation Press Release Staff Report and Statement by the Executive Director for the United States written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new administration’s policies have put the U.S. economy on a strong footing. An effective vaccine rollout has put the number of new COVID-19 cases on a firmly downward path. At the same time, unprecedented fiscal support is quickly restoring the economy back to full employment and generating positive outward spillovers to the world economy. These efforts have not been costless: the path for public debt is far higher; the current account deficit has grown; and very accommodative financial conditions have led to increased corporate and nonbank leverage and rising valuations across a range of assets. The pandemic continues to weigh heavily on those at the lower end of the income distribution, exposing longstanding inequities in access to quality healthcare and education (many of which have an important gender and racial dimension).

Download or read book The Allocation of Multinational Business Income Reassessing the Formulary Apportionment Option written by Richard Krever and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2020-02-20 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Allocation of Multinational Business Income: Reassessing the Formulary Apportionment Option Edited by Richard Krever & François Vaillancourt Although arm’s length methodology continues to prevail in international taxation policy, it has long been replaced by the formulary apportionment method at the subnational level in a few federal countries. Its use is planned for international profit allocation as an element of the European Union’s CCCTB proposals. In this timely book – a global guide to formulary apportionment, both as it exists in practice and how it might function internationally – a knowledgeable group of contributors from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States, address this actively debated topic, both in respect of its technical aspects and its promise as a global response to the avoidance, distortions, and unfairness of current allocation systems. Drawing on a wealth of literature considering formulary apportionment in the international sphere and considering decades of experience with the system in the states and provinces of the United States and Canada, the contributors explicate and examine such pertinent issues as the following: the debate about what factors should be used to allocate profits under a formulary apportionment system and experience in jurisdictions using formulary apportionment; application of formulary apportionment in specific sectors such as digital enterprises and the banking industry; the political economy of establishing and maintaining a successful formulary apportionment regime; formulary apportionment proposals for Europe; the role of traditional tax criteria such as economic efficiency, fairness, ease of administration, and robustness to avoidance and incentive compatibility; determining which parts of a multinational group are included in a formulary apportionment unit; and whether innovative profit-split methodologies such as those developed by China are shifting traditional arm’s length methods to a quasi-formulary apportionment system. Providing a comprehensive understanding of all aspects of the formulary apportionment option, this state of the art summary of history, current practice, proposals and prospects in the ongoing debate over arm’s length versus formulary apportionment methodologies will be welcomed by practitioners, policy-makers, and academics concerned with international taxation, all of whom will gain an understanding of the case put forward by proponents for adoption of formulary apportionment in Europe and globally and the counter-arguments they face. Readers will acquire a better understanding of the implications of formulary apportionment and its central role in the current debate about the future of international taxation rules. “...providing (sic) all the intellectual ammunition needed to carefully re-examine one of the ideas traditionally considered as apocryphal by the OECD and to a significant portion of the tax professional community...readers of this book will come away not only with a renewed understanding of the multiple facets of formulary apportionment, but also of some of the fundamental pressure points in the international tax system. Accordingly, it is a welcome and timely addition to the literature. ” Dr. Stjepan Gadžo, Assistant Professor at University of Rijeka, Faculty of Law / British Tax Review 2021, Issue 2, p243-246

Download or read book If You re So Ethical Why Are You So Highly Paid written by Alexander Pepper and published by LSE Press. This book was released on 2022-11-03 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 30 years, senior executive pay has increased dramatically in the UK, US and other developed countries, causing much debate and, at times, public outrage. In this book, Alexander (‘Sandy’) Pepper argues that this soaring inflation in high pay is the result of a market failure, leading to inefficient pay practices that are replicated across industries. Individual company’s renumeration committees face a prisoner’s dilemma, and so recommend over-the-odds payments in the vain hope of obtaining superior talent. For institutional investors, these developments have created a collective action problem, with many historically unwilling or unable to intervene to curtail excessive corporate pay. But are executives themselves really the greedy, self-interested, fat cats of popular culture? Based on a thought experiment and survey of beliefs of over a thousand senior executives from around the world, Pepper and his colleagues found that business executives in fact tend not to justify their pay levels as if they were ethical egoists entitled to act entirely in their own self-interest. Instead, they expressed support for a range of ethical beliefs on inequality and distributive justice. They can be categorised as either welfare liberals, relational egalitarians, meritocrats or free marketeers. Many believe that in a civilised society everyone has the right to an income that is sufficient for a dignified life, and that companies, not just governments, have responsibilities in this respect. So, Pepper argues, it is the market failure in executive pay that has created such wage inflation at the top, and this ultimately requires an ethical response from investors, companies and executives. This is a book for anyone who wishes to understand and tackle business’s role in the growing social inequality of advanced economies in an informed, fair and feasible way.

Download or read book Rebellion Rascals and Revenue written by Michael Keen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-17 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An engaging and enlightening account of taxation told through lively, dramatic, and sometimes ludicrous stories drawn from around the world and across the ages Governments have always struggled to tax in ways that are effective and tolerably fair. Sometimes they fail grotesquely, as when, in 1898, the British ignited a rebellion in Sierra Leone by imposing a tax on huts—and, in repressing it, ended up burning the very huts they intended to tax. Sometimes they succeed astonishingly, as when, in eighteenth-century Britain, a cut in the tax on tea massively increased revenue. In this entertaining book, two leading authorities on taxation, Michael Keen and Joel Slemrod, provide a fascinating and informative tour through these and many other episodes in tax history, both preposterous and dramatic—from the plundering described by Herodotus and an Incan tax payable in lice to the (misremembered) Boston Tea Party and the scandals of the Panama Papers. Along the way, readers meet a colorful cast of tax rascals, and even a few tax heroes. While it is hard to fathom the inspiration behind such taxes as one on ships that tended to make them sink, Keen and Slemrod show that yesterday’s tax systems have more in common with ours than we may think. Georgian England’s window tax now seems quaint, but was an ingenious way of judging wealth unobtrusively. And Tsar Peter the Great’s tax on beards aimed to induce the nobility to shave, much like today’s carbon taxes aim to slow global warming. Rebellion, Rascals, and Revenue is a surprising and one-of-a-kind account of how history illuminates the perennial challenges and timeless principles of taxation—and how the past holds clues to solving the tax problems of today.

Download or read book People s Republic of China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper discusses income inequality in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). Income inequality in Hong Kong SAR remains high, despite declining recently. Redistributive policies implemented by the authorities have helped to lower income inequality. However, inequality is likely to rise in the medium-term due to aging and thus more needs to be done. A package of policies could lower the Gini index by 3–4 points by 2050 including: more progressive salaries tax; higher reliance on recurrent property taxes; and increased public expenditure on social welfare, health, housing, education and childcare. According to recent evidence in the literature, these policies could also boost growth by 0.2–0.5 percentage points per year. Public spending on social welfare could continue to be raised to boost redistribution and increase access of poorer households. Spending on education and childcare should be raised to help lower the market income inequality directly. The commissioned study aiming to determine the demand and supply for childcare services and map out the long-term service development programs, as well as the initiatives mentioned in the 2018 Policy Address, should help in this regard.