Download or read book The Syria Iran Axis written by Nadia von Maltzahn and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2013-06-30 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the close alliance between Syria and Iran has endured for over three decades, based on geopolitical interests between the two states and often framed in the language of resistance. In view of their strong relationship at a state-level, what have Syria and Iran each been doing to foster popular exchange and employ cultural tools to build an image in the other country? The Syria-Iran Axis examines the motivations, content and reach of cultural diplomacy between Syria and Iran to determine to what degree the two partners have been successful in bridging their world views and political outlooks. By analysing the extent to which a state-directed cultural exchange can foster bilateral relations in the Middle East, Nadia von Maltzahn offers a unique analysis of the formation of foreign policy and diplomacy in the region.
Download or read book Syria and Iran written by Jubin M. Goodarzi and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Introduction The Emergence of the Syrian-Iranian Axis, 1979-82 The Achievements and Limits of Syrian-Iranian Power, 1982-85 Intra-Alliance Tensions and the Consolidation of the Syrian-Iranian Axis, 1985-88 Into the Twenty-first Century: The Syrian-Iranian Nexus Endures Notes References -- Index.
Download or read book Triple Axis written by Ariane Tabatabai and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-07-30 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most significant challenge to the post-Cold War international order is the growing power of ambitious states opposed to the West. Iran, Russia and China each view the global structure through the prism of historical experience. Rejecting the universality of Western liberal values, these states and their governments each consider the relative decline of Western economic hegemony as an opportunity. Yet cooperation between them remains fragmentary. The end of Western sanctions and the Iranian nuclear deal; the Syrian conflict; new institutions in Central and East Asia: in all these areas and beyond, the potential for unity or divergence is striking. In this new and comprehensive study, Ariane Tabatabai and Dina Esfandiary address the substance of this `triple axis' in the realms of energy, trade, and military security. In particular they scrutinise Iran-Russia and the often overlooked field of Iran-China relations. Their argument - that interactions between the three will shape the world stage for decades to come - will be of interest to anyone looking to understand the contemporary international security puzzle.
Download or read book Inventing the Axis of Evil written by Bruce Cumings and published by . This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues that the "axis of evil" label applied by Bush in his 2002 State of the Union address is illusory, challenging current beliefs and fear-mongering practices with historical and political information about each targeted nation. Reprint.
Download or read book Inventing the Axis of Evil written by Bruce Cumings and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Iran Resurgent written by Mahan Abedin and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iran has emerged from decades of isolation and struggle to become a leading, if not the pre-eminent, regional power. Iran projects its influence throughout the Middle East and parts of Central Asia. Moreover, Iranian diplomacy is active on the world stage, with long-term projects in Africa and South America. The landmark nuclear deal of July 2015 was a major triumph and saw the Islamic Republic successfully negotiate with several world powers to reach a mutually acceptable agreement. Crucially, whilst the nuclear deal restricts Iran's nuclear programmed for at least a decade, it doesn't irreversibly dismantle any part of it. With internal Iranian politics stabilizing around a centrist administration led by President Rouhani, the country is set to continue on a path of regional strategic growth. But with clear signs that the Trump administration is determined to contain Iran's regional influence, what is the risk of a military confrontation? This book argues that Iran has developed sufficient diplomatic strength and credible military capability to deter a full-scale US military assault. But absent a dramatic lowering of tensions, there remains a risk of limited clashes, with far-reaching consequences for regional security.
Download or read book Axis of Abuse written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on the Middle East and South Asia and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Syria Iran and Hezbollah written by Marius Deeb and published by Hoover Institution Press Publi. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Marius Deeb, an Oxford-educated authority on Middle Eastern politics and history, in a sequel to his authoritative Syria's Terrorist War on Lebanon and the Peace Process, shows how the Syria, Iran, and Hezbollah axis has tried, through assassination, terrorism and force, to undermine Lebanon's Cedar Revolution that triumphed in March 2005. The Cedar Revolution began in September 2000 as a protest movement led by Patriarch Sfair, the head of the Maronite Catholic Church, and culminated on March 14, 2005, when 1.5 million demonstrated peacefully in Beirut calling for the withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon and for a free, democratic, and pluralistic polity. No wonder that the Syria, Iran and Hezbollah axis has regarded the Cedar Revolution as its implacable enemy, for the Cedar Revolution is the antithesis of the Islamic revolution in Iran that demonized America and opened the floodgates of terrorism. In contrast, the Cedar Revolution is a nonviolent, democratic, and pro-Western revolution and thus an antidote to militant Islam and terrorism." -- Publisher's description.
Download or read book Axis of Resistance written by Tim Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the series of 21st century wars initiated by Washington in the name of a 'New Middle East', resistance forces are prevailing. Like all imperial gambits before it the US-led plan has been to subjugate the entire region - whether through the direct application of force, or through coalitions or proxies - to secure privileged access to its tremendous resources and then dictate terms of access to all other players. Insofar as the key to a definitive defeat of Washington's ambitions lies in regional integration of the resistance forces-an integration led by Iran, the undisputed leader of an 'Axis of Resistance' to foreign domination and Zionist expansion--Iran has emerged as an ever more central target for regime change. This book, Axis of Resistance: towards an independent Middle East, follows the author's 2016 book The Dirty War on Syria. It examines the end of the war on Syria and the wider elements of the regional conflict, in particular the prospects for a democratic Palestine, the character of the Resistance and the role of Iran. It draws attention to these broad leitmotifs underpinning each particular history that are key to understanding both the parts and the whole: A single, essentially colonial impetus drives each particular US aggression from Libya to Afghanistan. These hybrid wars utilize propaganda offensives, economic siege warfare, terrorist proxies, direct invasions and military occupations followed by repression via client states. The aim is to keep resistance forces fragmented. Just as each aggression forms part of a broader Washington strategy, similarly the integration of the resistance in particular remains critical to its success. The Resistance has a common character but no idealized personality or ideology. However the common features are a demand for popular self-determination and for accountable social structures that serve broad social interests. Axis addresses myths about the wars and the resistance, while attempting a partial and provisional history of the conflicts. A focus on resistance can help us understand the defeat of great powers, something not possible for any analysis which begins and ends with power.
Download or read book The Syria Iran Axis written by Nadia von Maltzahn and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2013-06-30 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Iranian Revolution, the close alliance between Syria and Iran has endured for over three decades, based on geopolitical interests between the two states and often framed in the language of resistance. In view of their strong relationship at a state-level, what have Syria and Iran each been doing to foster popular exchange and employ cultural tools to build and image in the other country? The Syria-Iran Axis examines the motivations, content and reach of cultural diplomacy between Syria and Iran to determine to what degree that two partners have been successful in bridging their world views and political outlooks. Beginning with a historical background of relations between the two countries before the overthrow of the Shah, Nadia von Maltazahn offers an analysis of the process of policy formulation, and they key themes which characterize Syrian and Iranian foreign and cultural relations. Whilst the relations between the two countries were limited in the pre-revolutionary period, bilateral relations developed very quickly in the aftermath of the revolution. Uniquely, The Syria-Iran Axis looks beyond the political and military cooperation between the leaders of these two countries, highlighting the economic and cultural connections between the populations. It therefore examines the scientific, academic, military, economic, industrial, telecommunications and cultural delegations that go back and forth between Damascus and Tehran. With key Shi'i shrines situated in Syria, such as the Sayyida Zaynab and the Sayyida Ruqayya mosques in Damascus, there has been for many years a significant level of religious tourism. Bearing in mind that these levels of inter-cultural connection have been threatened by the ongoing unrest in Syria, von Maltzahn also highlights the ways in which this key relationship has been affected by events in the wider geopolitical sphere. By examining the extent to which a state-directed cultural exchange can foster bilateral relations in the Middle East, von Maltzahn offers a unique analysis of the formation of foreign policy and diplomacy in the region.
Download or read book Syria and Iran written by Husayn Agha and published by Burns & Oates. This book was released on 1995 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strategic relationship which emerged between Damascus and Tehran in the late 1970s remains one of the least comprehended aspects of Middle East politics. This relationship has endured for almost a decade and a half, despite many predictions of its imminent demise. However, the recent breakthrough in the Arab-Israeli dispute threatens once again to put a strain on bilateral ties. This paper provides a reapprasial of relations between Iran and Syria.
Download or read book Between Russia and Iran Room to Pursue American Interests in Syria written by John Parker and published by . This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: President Donald Trump has underscored containing Iran's sway as a key element in establishing a "strong and lasting footprint" in Syria as the United States moves toward bringing its Soldiers home. In pursuing this key American objective, this paper recommends that Washington take advantage of the "daylight" between Russia and Iran, and that it be American policy at all levels to work to expand it. This long-existing "daylight" was underscored in 2018 by calls in Moscow for Iran to withdraw its forces from some or all of Syria, and by Putin's positive regard at the summit in Helsinki with President Trump for Israel's security requirements.Russian acquiescence to U.S. and Israeli strikes against Iranian-associated and other forces in Syria reinforces the conclusion that backing a dominant Iran is not one of President Vladimir Putin's priorities. However, while he will not forcefully oppose the United States and Israel constraining Tehran, Putin will resist pressure to break totally with Iran and with the proxies Iran bankrolls and trains to fight in Syria. In addition, Russia's leverage on Iranian military and political activities in Syria is limited.Russia's solution to its own dilemma of restraining Iranian behavior in the region has been one of addition and mediation rather than subtraction. Moscow dilutes Iranian influence by working with other powers, including those most antithetical to Iran. Russia's relations with Israel are now arguably closer to a "strategic partnership" than those with Iran. Russia's dealings with Saudi Arabia correspond more aptly to an "oil axis" than the "Shiite axis" description used by some to characterize the ties between Moscow and Tehran. Russia's economic ties and diplomacy with Turkey and greenlighting of Turkish military action in Syria against Kurdish forces have also diluted Iranian leverage in Syria.America's imposing military capabilities and veto-wielding membership in the United Nations (UN) Security Council will provide it and its allies with continuing leverage on developments in Syria. Putin ultimately will not be able to count on U.S. acceptance of any deal that leaves Bashar al-Asad in place after a transition and new elections. Such an outcome would also dash Russian hopes of significant American, European, and regional contributions to the immense costs of reconstruction that lie ahead in Syria. Russia is unlikely to link its actions with the United States in Syria to U.S. policy toward Iran on the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal, or to U.S. sanctions on Russia.To attain the conditions that will make possible the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria, the United States needs to maintain a properly resourced military presence on the ground and in Syrian airspace. Only if it does so will Russia regard the United States as the most important counterweight to Iran with which Moscow will want and will need to deal. Even after the April 13-14, 2018, U.S.-UK-French strikes on Syrian chemical weapons facilities, President Putin remained eager for talks with President Trump and addressed Syria at their summit in Helsinki. The Trump administration should therefore continue judiciously to engage Russia as the United States works toward the goals of assuring the defeat of the so-called Islamic State (IS), constraining Iran's malign activities, bolstering Israel's security, and deterring Syrian government use of chemical weapons, without conceding anything in advance on Asad's future or Iran's place in the region.
Download or read book Between Russia and Iran written by John W. Parker and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Russian acquiescence to U.S. and Israeli strikes against Iranian-associated and other forces in Syria reinforces the conclusion that backing a dominant Iran is not one of President Vladimir Putin's priorities. However, while he will not forcefully oppose the United States and Israel constraining Tehran, Putin will resist pressure to break totally with Iran and with the proxies Iran bankrolls and trains to fight in Syria. In addition, Russia's leverage on Iranian military and political activities in Syria is limited. Moscow dilutes Iranian influence by working with other powers, including those most antithetical to Iran. To attain the conditions that will make possible the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria, the United States needs to maintain a properly resourced military presence on the ground and in Syrian airspace. Only if it does so will Russia regard the United States as the most important counterweight to Iran with which Moscow will want and will need to deal. Even after the April 13-14, 2018, U.S.-UK-French strikes on Syrian chemical weapons facilities, President Putin remained eager for talks with President Trump and addressed Syria at their summit in Helsinki. The Trump administration should therefore continue judiciously to engage Russia as the United States works toward the goals of assuring the defeat of the so-called Islamic State (IS), constraining Iran's malign activities, bolstering Israel's security, and deterring Syrian government use of chemical weapons, without conceding anything in advance on Asad's future or Iran's place in the region.
Download or read book Syria and Iran written by Jubin M. Goodarzi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2009-04-30 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enduring alliance between Iran and Syria which came about after Iran's 1979 Revolution proved to be a feature of the Middle East's political landscape in the 20th and early 21st centuries. Moreover, its impact in moulding events and bringing about major changes in this troubled region proved enormously significant. Jubin M. Goodarzi provides us with the first in-depth study on the Syrian-Iranian nexus which traces the origins and development of the strategic partnership between Damascus and Tehran from 1979 until the present. He argues that contrary to prevailing views (due in large part to the authoritarian and unpopular nature of the Syrian and Iranian regimes), the alliance between them was conceived as essentially defensive in nature. He puts forth an empirical survey with a chronology of events, and analyses the key phases in the evolution of the alliance. In the process he explains their significance, both in terms of how they affected bilateral relations between the two states and their regional implications. Through careful research and analysis, Goodarzi reveals linkages between major events in the Middle East and crucial decisions that were made in Tehran and Damascus; particularly ones that have been overlooked or ignored by regional analysts and scholars. These include the impact of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 and the subsequent Syrian-Iranian consultations on Iran's position regarding the war with Iraq; the effects of US-Iraqi actions in the Persian Gulf in 1988 and Iran's moves in Lebanon against the wishes of Syria. Goodarzi analyses the stability and security of this partnership and assesses its prospects for the future.
Download or read book Rock the Casbah written by Robin Wright and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2011-07-19 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A decade after the 9/11 attacks, this groundbreaking book takes readers deep into rebellions against both autocrats and extremists that are redefining politics, culture, and security threats across the Islamic world. The awakening involves hundreds of millions of people. And the political transformations— and tectonic changes—are only beginning. Robin Wright, an acclaimed foreign correspondent and television commentator, has covered the region for four decades. She witnessed the full cycle, from extremism’s angry birth and globalization to the rise of new movements transforming the last bloc of countries to hold out against democracy. Now, in Rock the Casbah, she chronicles the new order being shaped by youthinspired revolts toppling leaders, clerics repudiating al Qaeda, playwrights and poets crafting messages of a counter-jihad, comedians ridiculing militancy, hip-hop rapping against guns and bombs, and women mobilizing for their own rights. This new counter-jihad has many goals. For some, it’s about reforming the faith. For others, it’s about reforming political systems. For most, it’s about achieving basic rights. The common denominator is the rejection of venomous ideologies and suicide bombs, plane hijackings, hostage-takings, and mass violence to achieve those ends. Wright captures a stunning moment in history, one of the region’s four key junctures—along with Iran’s revolution, Israel’s creation, and the Ottoman Empire’s collapse—in a century. The notion of a clash of civilizations is increasingly being replaced by a commonality of civilizations in the twenty-first century. But she candidly details both the possibilities and pitfalls ahead. The new counter-jihad is imaginative and defiant, but Muslim societies are also politically inexperienced and economically challenged.
Download or read book Threats and Alliances in the Middle East written by May Darwich and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines Saudi and Syrian policies during three pivotal wars, to understand how identity and power influence state behaviour in the Middle East.
Download or read book Literature from the Axis of Evil written by New Press and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2007-09-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of stories and poems by contemporary writers from Iran, Iraq, North Korea, and other countries the United States considers enemies that have been translated into English.
