Download or read book The Study of Dissolved Gases in Sea Water by Mass Spectrometry written by Edward Warren Pough and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development and Deployment of an Underwater Mass Spectrometer for Quantitative Measurements of Dissolved Gases written by Ryan J. Bell and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Manual collection and processing of seawater samples for dissolved gas analyses are technically challenging, time consuming and costly. Accordingly, in situ analysis techniques present attractive alternatives to conventional gas measurement procedures. To meet the demands of sustained, high-resolution chemical observations of the oceans, the University of South Florida and SRI International developed underwater mass spectrometer systems for quantitative measurements of dissolved gases and volatile organic compounds. This work describes the influence of variable in situ conditions on the performance of a membrane introduction mass spectrometer used for measurements in both the water column and sediment porewater. Laboratory experiments to simulate the effects of field conditions on the membrane were performed by varying sample flow rate, salinity, hydrostatic pressure, and chemistry. Data indicate that membrane permeability has a strong dependence on hydrostatic pressure, and a weak dependence on salinity. Under slow flow conditions bicarbonates in solution contributed to carbon dioxide instrument response as a result of carbon system equilibration processes in the boundary layer at the membrane interface. In addition, method development was undertaken to enable underwater sediment porewater analyses and quantitative (calibrated) measurements of total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). This work establishes the capability of membrane introduction mass spectrometry to measure two compatible variables (DIC and dissolved CO2) for comprehensive CO2-system characterizations. In addition to laboratory studies three types of field observation were obtained in this work. High-resolution vertical profiles of dissolved gases in the Gulf of Mexico were obtained through system calibration and characterization of the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the behavior of polydimethylsiloxane membranes. In the South Atlantic Bight, sediment porewater profiles of dissolved gases were repeatedly obtained over a 54 hr period. Data trends were in agreement with high remineralization rates facilitated by porewater advection. Finally, time-series underwater DIC measurements that were undertaken proved to be in good accord with results obtained using conventional techniques. These measurements constitute the first quantitative observations of dissolved gas ocean profiles, sediment porewater profiles, and DIC measurements by underwater mass spectrometry.
Download or read book Practical Guidelines for the Analysis of Seawater written by Oliver Wurl and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-06-09 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we discover more about the role of the ocean in global changes and identify the effects of global change on the ocean, understanding its chemical composition and processes becomes increasingly paramount. However, understanding these processes requires a wide range of measurements in the vast ocean, from the sea surface to deep-ocean trenches, fr
Download or read book Dissolved Gas Concentration in Water written by John Colt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-01-17 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquacultural, oceanographic, and fisheries engineering, as well as other disciplines, require gas solubility data to compute the equilibrium concentration. These calculations, for example, can affect the output of aquacultural production or assist in environmental consulting. Until now, published solubility information has not been available in a consistent and uniform manner in one location. This book presents solubility concentrations of major atmospheric gases (oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide), noble gases (helium, neon, krypton, xenon), and trace gases (hydrogen, methane, nitrous oxide) as a function of temperature, salinity, pressure, and gas composition in a variety of formats. Data, equations, and theory are explained so that the user is able to understand the calculations and problems. Furthermore, data and solubility information are presented in a range of units to make them accessible across disciplines. This book will help the reader to look at a problem from a quantitative viewpoint and better understand carbonate chemistry. Revised from the earlier edition to include more accurate carbon dioxide tables and separate sections on the solubility of noble gases, trace gases, and oxygen in brines to provide a single resource for gas solubility data. This book is essential for all students and practitioners working in aquatic fields. - A single source for highly accurate and comprehensive tables for gas solubility in aquatic systems - Information provided in tables, equations, and computer programmes - Theory is presented to better understand the equations and calculations
Download or read book Measurement of Dissolved Gas Concentrations in Natural Waters Utilizing an In situ Membrane Inlet Linear Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer written by Peter Wenner and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The resulting multi-analyte spectrometer data were recorded in real time with the Global Positioning System (GPS) observations of an associated surface vehicle and transmitted to a remote laptop computer via a wireless Ethernet link. These data were merged to create high-resolution maps of chemical distributions. Of particular interest were the co-varying oxygen and carbon dioxide mass spectrometer signals, diagnostic of photosynthesis-respiration processes, that were collected over a 10,800 square-meter area of the lake. The UMS was also deployed on a shipborne hydrowire in Saanich Inlet, a 200-meter deep fjord in the western Canadian province of British Columbia. The concentrations of a broad suite of dissolved gases were monitored on both downcast and upcast over a total depth range of 200 meters. Spectrometer data were acquired at a rate of 4.2 seconds/sample for the duration of the deployment.
Download or read book Dissolved Gases and Total Inorganic Carbon in Seawater written by Ray Franklin Weiss and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Seawater written by Crompton and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of Seawater deals with the investigation of the micro-constituents in seawater in terms of nutrient content and environmental concerns. The book describes sampling, determination of anions, analysis of dissolved gases, and metal preconcentration techniques. The book also deals with monitoring radioactive elements, the determination of seawater organics, organometallic compounds, and the oxygen-demand parameters in seawater. It describes in detail surface and deep water sampling, the types of devices used, storage, preservation, and prevention of contamination during sample analysis. In examining dissolved gases, the investigator can use the amperometric titrimetric method (with some reservations) on chlorine, the ultraviolet method on ozone, electron capture gas chromatography on nitric oxide, and also the flow injection analysis on hydrogen sulphide. The methods for determining metals in seawater concern either for single element or for groups of elements. The investigator should always initiate various pre-concentration techniques when determining metals due to their low concentration and occurrence in seawater. The investigator uses various methods to determine different radioactive compounds such as uranium, polonium, thorium, radium, barium, radon, plutonium, strontium-90, and cesium-137. The book can be beneficial for meteorologists, environmentalists, marine ecologists, biologists, oceanographers, fisheries experts, for students studying hydrology, meteorology, as well as for river and lake authorities.
Download or read book Evaluation of Gas Chromatography for the Determination of Dissolved Gases in Sea Water written by V. J. Linnenbom and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantitative Estimates of the Dissolved Gases in Sea Water written by William Walter Broenkow and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shipboard Determination of Dissolved Gases in Sea Water by Gas Chromatography written by J. W. Swinnerton and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas chromatography was used for the routine determination of dissolved O and N in sea water. Previously, dissolved O was determined aboard ship by the standard Winkler chemical method, but dissolved N analyses were seldom made, since the manometric techniques employed were extremely difficult to carry out because of the motion of the ship. To obtain dissolved N data thus required that hundreds of samples of sea water be stored in tightly stoppered containers until the analyses could be carried out at a shorebased laboratory. The feasibility of the gas chromatographic method has been established for routine shipboard determination of dissolved gases in sea water. The method is less time consuming, sample size is reduced, no loss is experienced in either precision or sensitivity, and the instrumentation is relatively simple. In addition, the method is largely automatic and the recorded results can be analyzed at some later and more convenient time. (Author).
Download or read book Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry for Measuring Dissolved Gases written by G. Hudson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer (MIMS) is used to measure dissolved gas concentrations in environmental water samples. Gases are exsolved out of water by passing the sample through a silicone gas permeable membrane that is under vacuum. A quadrupole mass spectrometer attached to the vacuum system is capable of measuring a variety of gases over a wide range of concentration. The MIMS is a versatile and field portable instrument.
Download or read book Dissolved Gas Concentration in Water Computation as Functions of Temperature Salinity and Pressure Revised written by John Colt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-01 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquacultural, oceanographic, and fisheries engineering, as well as other disciplines, require gas solubility data to compute the equilibrium concentration. These calculations, for example, can affect the output of aquacultural production or assist in environmental consulting. Until now, published solubility information has not been available in a consistent and uniform manner in one location. This book presents solubility concentrations of major atmospheric gases (oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide), noble gases (helium, neon, krypton, xenon), and trace gases (hydrogen, methane, nitrous oxide) as a function of temperature, salinity, pressure, and gas composition in a variety of formats. Data, equations, and theory are explained so that the user is able to understand the calculations and problems. Furthermore, data and solubility information are presented in a range of units to make them accessible across disciplines. This book will help the reader to look at a problem from a quantitative viewpoint and better understand carbonate chemistry. Revised from the earlier edition to include more accurate carbon dioxide tables and separate sections on the solubility of noble gases, trace gases, and oxygen in brines to provide a single resource for gas solubility data. This book is essential for all students and practitioners working in aquatic fields. A singlesource forhighly accurate and comprehensive tables for gas solubility in aquatic systemsInformation provided in tables, equations, and computer programmesTheory is presented to better understand the equations and calculations"
Download or read book Ocean Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles written by Peter S. Liss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.
Download or read book Marine Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Statistical Evaluation of Gas Chromatography for the Determination of Dissolved Gases in Sea Water written by V. J. Linnenbom and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A gas chromatographic method developed by the authors for the determination of dissolved gases in sea water has been evaluated with respect to precision and accuracy by comparison with other methods. Both laboratory and shipboard measurements were employed in the evaluation. Dissolved oxygen analyses made at sea under routine conditions of operation over a period of two weeks indicate statistically significant differences in precision for the three methods tested: gas chromatography (plus or minus 1.8%), standard Winkler method (plus or minus 1.0%), and a modification of the Winkler method (plus or minus 0.51%). No significant bias was found between gas chromatography and the improved Winkler method; a small but statistically significant bias ( -1%) was found for the standard Winkler method relative to the other two. From a practical point of view, these differences are not considered important for routine survey operations. The dissolved N2 data obtained by gas chromatography are grouped about a mean value of 100% saturation, with approximately 95% of the values falling within (100 plus or minus 5)% saturation. The advantages of gas chromatography (routine analyses by relatively nonskilled personnel to obtain simultaneous measurements of more than one gas on a small volume of liquid) are felt to be sufficient to warrant its further use in oceanography. (Author).
Download or read book Inorganic Mass Spectrometry written by Christopher Barshick and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-02-18 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a theoretical background for inorganic mass spectrometry, this text describes classical applications of four modern mass spectrometers - magnetic sector, quadrupole, time-of-flight, and ion trap - and illustrates how they have impacted elemental and isotopic analysis. The book features examples that concentrate on routine and non-routine applications of inorganic analysis techniques.
Download or read book Solubility and Rate of Solution of Gases written by Sidney Lionel Neave and published by . This book was released on 1924 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
