Download or read book The Study of Contact Adhesion and Friction at the Atomic Scale by Atomic Force Microscopy written by Robert William Carpick and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms Controlling Friction and Adhesion at the Atomic Length scale written by Xin Zhou Liu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lack of understanding of the fundamental mechanisms governing atomic-scale adhesion and friction creates ongoing challenges as technologically-relevant devices are miniaturized. One major class of failure mechanisms of such devices results from high friction, adhesion, and wear. This thesis presents investigations into methods by which atomic-scale friction and adhesion can be controlled. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), friction and adhesion properties of graphene were examined. While friction between the tip and graphene depends on thickness, as explained by the "puckering effect", adhesion is independent of the thickness when measured conventionally. However, adhesion is transiently higher when measured after the tip has slid over the graphene. This effect is caused by increased adhesiveness between graphene and tip due to aging. Second, chemical modification of graphene, specifically fluorination, affects friction strongly, with friction monotonically increases with increasing degree of fluorination. As supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, this dependence is attributed to the fact that attachment of fluorine to graphene greatly enhances the local energy barrier for sliding, thereby significantly altering the energy landscape experienced by the tip. Finally, through matched AFM and MD, the speed dependence of atomic friction was explored within the framework of the Prandtl-Tomlinson model with thermal activation (PTT). For the first time, experiments and simulations are performed at overlapping scanning speeds. While friction was found to increase with the log of speed in both AFM and MD, consistent with the PTT model, friction in experiments was larger than in MD. Analysis revealed that the discrepancy was largely attributable to the differences in contact area and tip masses used in experiments vs. in simulation. Accounting for the overall influence of the two with the presence of instrument noise fully resolves the discrepancy. Through those novel studies and findings, it has been demonstrated that atomic-scale friction and adhesion can be controlled and understood, assisting the development of applications where variable or constant friction and adhesion are desired.
Download or read book Imaging and Understanding Atomic scale Adhesion and Wear written by Tevis David Bartow Jacobs and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Friction at the Atomic Level written by Motohisa Hirano and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-27 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by one of the most distinguished scientists and a pioneer in this field, this monograph represents a stand-alone, concise guide to friction at the atomic level. It brings together hitherto widely-scattered information in one single source, and is the first to explain the nature of friction in terms of atomistic mechanisms. In addition to his detailed description on modeling and simulation, the author stresses experimental approaches like AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) techniques for verification of theory. In this respect the book will benefit the whole nanotribology community, from graduate students who want to get the basics right up to researchers specializing in mechanical engineering, materials science, physics and chemistry.
Download or read book Atomic Scale Friction Measurements Using Friction Force Microscopy Part 2 Application to Magnetic Media written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic Force/Friction Force Microscopes (AFM/FFM) were used to study tribological properties of metal-particle tapes with two roughnesses, Co-gamma Fe2O3 tapes (unwiped and wiped), and unlubricated and lubricated thin-film magnetic rigid disks (as-polished and standard textured). Nanoindentation studies showed that the hardness of the tapes through the magnetic coating is not uniform. These results are consistent with the fact that the tape surface is a composite and is not homogeneous. Nanoscratch experiments performed on magnetic tapes using silicon nitride tips revealed that deformation and displacement of tape surface material occurred after one pass under light loads (approx. 100 nN). A comparison between friction force profiles and the corresponding surface roughness profiles of all samples tested shows a poor correlation between localized values of friction and surface roughness. Detailed studies of friction and surface profiles demonstrate an excellent correlation between localized variation of the slope of the surface roughness along the sliding direction and the localized variation of friction. Atomic-scale friction in magnetic media and natural diamond appears to be due to adhesive and ratchet (roughness) mechanisms. Directionality in the local variation of atomic-scale friction data was observed as the samples were scanned in either direction, resulting from the scanning direction and the anisotropy in the surface topography. Atomic-scale coefficient of friction is generally found to be smaller than the macro coefficient of friction as there may be less ploughing contribution in atomic-scale measurements.
Download or read book The Atomic scale Origins of Friction written by Rachel J. Cannara and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Elements of Friction Theory and Nanotribology written by Enrico Gnecco and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining the classical theories of contact mechanics and lubrication with the study of friction on the nanometer range, this multi-scale book for researchers and students alike guides the reader deftly through the mechanisms governing friction processes, based on state-of-the-art models and experimental results. The first book in the field to incorporate recent research on nanotribology with classical theories of contact mechanics, this unique text explores atomic scale scratches, non-contact friction and fishing of molecular nanowires as observed in the lab. Beginning with simple key concepts, the reader is guided through progressively more complex topics, such as contact of self-affine surfaces and nanomanipulation, in a consistent style, encompassing both macroscopic and atomistic descriptions of friction, and using unified notations to enable use by physicists and engineers across the scientific community.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Friction written by I.L. Singer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Friction, unlike many books on tribology, is devoted to one specific topic: friction. After introductory chapters on scientific and engineering perspectives, the next section contains the necessary background within the areas of contact mechanics, surfaces and adhesion. Then on to fracture, deformation and interface shear, from the macroscopic behavior of materials in frictional contact to microscopic models of uniform and granular interfaces. Lubrication by solids, liquids and gases is presented next, from classical flow properties to the reorganization of monolayers of molecules under normal and shear stresses. A section on new approaches at the nano- and atomic scales covers the physics and chemistry of interfaces, an array of visually exciting simulations, using molecular dynamics, of solids and liquids in sliding contact, and related AFM/STM studies. Following a section on machines and measurements, the final chapter discusses future issues in friction.
Download or read book Atomic Scale Friction Measurements Using Friction Force Microscopy Part II Application to Magnetic Media written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic Force/Friction Force Microscopes (AFM/FFM) were used to study tribological properties of metal-particle tapes with two roughnesses, Co gamma Fe2O3 tapes (unwiped and wiped), and unlubricated and lubricated thin-film magnetic rigid disks (as-polished and standard textured). Nanoindentation studies showed that the hardness of the tapes through the magnetic coating is not uniform. These results are consistent with the fact that the tape surface is a composite and is not homogeneous. Nanoscratch experiments performed on magnetic tapes using silicon nitride tips revealed that deformation and displacement of tape surface material occurred after one pass under light loads approx. 100 nN). A comparison between friction force profiles and the corresponding surface roughness profiles of all samples tested shows a poor correlation between localized values of friction and surface roughness.
Download or read book Atomic Scale Friction Measurements Using Friction Force Microscopy Part 1 General Principles and New Measurement Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Friction force measurements using modified atomic force microscopy, called here Friction Force Microscopy (FFM), are becoming increasingly important in the understanding of fundamental mechanisms of friction, wear, and lubrication, and to study interfacial phenomena in micro- and nanostructures used in magnetic storage systems and Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS). FFMs can be used to study engineering surfaces in dry or wet conditions. A review of existing designs of FFMs and methods of friction force measurements is presented. In terms of friction force measurements, there are important issues related to the basic operation and calibration of these instruments which have not been fully studied. A new method of measuring friction fore using a commercial FFM and a calibration Procedure for conversion of measured data to normal and friction forces are presented. Microscale friction data of selected materials are presented and discussed in light of macrofriction measurements.
Download or read book Adhesion Friction Mechanics of Nanoscale Contacts Between Coated Surfaces Studied by Atomic Friction Force Microscopy written by Nikolaos Nikogeorgos and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atomic scale Friction and Superlubricity written by Martin Dienwiebel and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atomic Force Microscopy written by Victor Bellitto and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-23 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of the atomic force microscope (AFM) came an extremely valuable analytical resource and technique useful for the qualitative and quantitative surface analysis with sub-nanometer resolution. In addition, samples studied with an AFM do not require any special pretreatments that may alter or damage the sample and permits a three dimensional investigation of the surface. This book presents a collection of current research from scientists throughout the world that employ atomic force microscopy in their investigations. The technique has become widely accepted and used in obtaining valuable data in a wide variety of fields. It is impressive to see how, in a short time period since its development in 1986, it has proliferated and found many uses throughout manufacturing, research and development.
Download or read book Atomic scale Simulation of Adhesion Between Metallic Surfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have performed MD simulations of adhesive phenomena, on an atomic scale, between metals possessing both smooth and stepped-surfaces. Studies of adhesion between identical metals, consisting of either Au, Cu, or Ni, with (001) or (111) orientations, reveal the existence of adhesive avalanches as the bodies are brought to within a critical separation ((approximately)2 Å). That is, as the surfaces approach one another, one or both surface layers becomes unstable, and abruptly moves toward the other. This signals a transition from an initial system with two distinct surfaces to one possessing no identifiable surfaces. The presence of adhesive avalanches will pose difficulties in determining adhesive forces and energies by means of atomic force microscopy at sub-nanometer separations of probe tip and sample surface. 7 refs., 3 figs.
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology written by Bharat Bhushan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-01-19 with total page 1232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This major work has established itself as the definitive reference in the nanoscience and nanotechnology area in one volume. In presents nanostructures, micro/nanofabrication, and micro/nanodevices. Special emphasis is on scanning probe microscopy, nanotribology and nanomechanics, molecularly thick films, industrial applications and microdevice reliability, and on social aspects. Reflecting further developments, the new edition has grown from six to eight parts. The latest information is added to fields such as bionanotechnology, nanorobotics, and NEMS/MEMS reliability. This classic reference book is orchestrated by a highly experienced editor and written by a team of distinguished experts for those learning about the field of nanotechnology.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Tribology and Bridging the Gap Between the Macro and Micro Nanoscales written by Bharat Bhushan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 961 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The word tribology was fIrst reported in a landmark report by P. Jost in 1966 (Lubrication (Tribology)--A Report on the Present Position and Industry's Needs, Department of Education and Science, HMSO, London). Tribology is the science and technology of two interacting surfaces in relative motion and of related subjects and practices. The popular equivalent is friction, wear and lubrication. The economic impact of the better understanding of tribology of two interacting surfaces in relative motion is known to be immense. Losses resulting from ignorance of tribology amount in the United States alone to about 6 percent of its GNP or about $200 billion dollars per year (1966), and approximately one-third of the world's energy resources in present' use, appear as friction in one form or another. A fundamental understanding of the tribology of the head-medium interface in magnetic recording is crucial to the future growth of the $100 billion per year information storage industry. In the emerging microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) industry, tribology is also recognized as a limiting technology. The advent of new scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques (starting with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981) to measure surface topography, adhesion, friction, wear, lubricant-fIlm thickness, mechanical properties all on a micro to nanometer scale, and to image lubricant molecules and the availability of supercomputers to conduct atomic-scale simulations has led to the development of a new fIeld referred to as Microtribology, Nanotribology, or Molecular Tribology (see B. Bhushan, J. N. Israelachvili and U.
Download or read book Metrology and Standardization for Nanotechnology written by Elisabeth Mansfield and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the promotion of global trading and the reduction of potential risks, the role of international standardization of nanotechnologies has become more and more important. This book gives an overview of the current status of nanotechnology including the importance of metrology and characterization at the nanoscale, international standardization of nanotechnology, and industrial innovation of nano-enabled products. First the field of nanometrology, nanomaterial standardization and nanomaterial innovation is introduced. Second, major concepts in analytical measurements are given in order to provide a basis for the reliable and reproducible characterization of nanomaterials. The role of standards organizations are presented and finally, an overview of risk management and the commercial impact of metrology and standardization for industrial innovations.
