Download or read book Structure and Properties of Silicate Melts written by Bjorn O. Mysen and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1988 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterization of the relationships between structure and properties of materials is based on the fundamental principle that the structure of the material be determined first, followed by assessments of which structural properties may govern their properties as a function of composition, pressure, temperature and other variables. Whereas this methodology has been successfully applied to further our understanding of crystalline materials, studies of silicate melt structure are often conducted on a somewhat different basis. Rather than from direct structural determination, structure models have been developed from assumed relationships between a specific melt property and its structure. As a result, a multitude of models has evolved - many of which are mutually exclusive. The overall scope of this book is to address properties and processes of magmatic systems from the vantage point of melt structure. To this end available data in chemically increasingly complex systems are reviewed and discussed with the ultimate goal being integration of the simple system data into a model that describes complex systems such as natural magmatic liquids. Thus the book evolves from the simplest possible system, SiO 2 , to complex systems such as natural magmatic liquids. From a petrologic point of view, sufficient data have been obtained so that a general framework of the structure of magmatic liquids is in place. This framework is based on the same principles as those of crystal chemistry, modulated by the absence of long range order in amorphous material, and systematic relationships between structure and properties can be discerned at least at atmospheric pressure.
Download or read book Silicate Glasses and Melts written by Bjorn O. Mysen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicate Glasses and Melts, Second Edition describes the structure-property-composition relationships for silicate glasses and melts from a geological and industrial perspective. Updated sections include (i) characterization of silicate melt and COHN fluid structure (with and without dissolved silicate components) with pressure, temperature, and redox conditions and responses of structural variables to chemical composition, (ii) determination of solubility and solution mechanisms of COHN volatiles in silicate melts and minerals and of solubility and solution mechanisms of silicate components in COHN fluids, and (iii) effects of very high pressure on structure and properties of melts and glasses. This new book is an essential resource for researchers in a number of fields, including geology, geophysics, geoscience, volcanology, material science, glass science, petrology and mineralogy. Brings together multidisciplinary research scattered across the scientific literature into one reference, with a focus on silicate melts and their application to natural systems Emphasizes linking melt properties to melt structure Includes a discussion of the pros and cons of the use of glass as a proxy for melt structure and properties Written by highly regarded experts in the field who, among other honors, were the 2006 recipients of the prestigious G.W. Morey award of the American Ceramic Society
Download or read book Structure Dynamics and Properties of Silicate Melts written by Jonathan F. Stebbins and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 32 of Reviews in Mineralogy introduces the basic concepts of melt physics and relaxation theory as applied to silicate melts, then to describe the current state of experimental and computer simulation techniques for exploring the detailed atomic structure and dynamic processes which occur at high temperature, and finally to consider the relationships between melt structure, thermodynamic properties and rheology within these liquids. These fundamental relations serve to bridge the extrapolation from often highly simplified melt compositions studied in the laboratory to the multicomponent systems found in nature. This volume focuses on the properties of simple model silicate systems, which are usually volatile-free. The behavior of natural magmas has been summarized in a previous Short Course volume (Nicholls and Russell, editors, 1990: Reviews in Mineralogy, Vol. 24), and the effect of volatiles on magmatic properties in yet another (Carroll and Holloway, editors, 1994: Vol. 30). The Mineralogical Society of America sponsored a short course for which this was the text at Stanford University December 9 and 10, 1995, preceding the Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union and MSA in San Fransisco, with about 100 professionals and graduate students in attendance.
Download or read book The Structure of Silicate Melts written by Bjorn O. Mysen and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Silicate Melts written by Sharon Webb and published by Springer. This book was released on 1997-07-17 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the experimental determination of the physical properties of silicate melts and magmas close to glass transition. Abundant new data are presented. The same type of measurement is performed on a range of melts to test the effect of composition on physical properties; and a range of different techniques are used to determine the same physical properties to illustrate the relationships between the relaxation of the melt structure and the relaxation of its physical properties. This book is of interest to experimental researchers in the discussion of data obtained from both a materials science and a geoscientific point of view.
Download or read book Silicate Glasses and Melts written by B. Mysen and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicate Glasses and Melts, Second Edition describes the structure-property-composition relationships for silicate glasses and melts from a geological and industrial perspective. Updated sections include (i) characterization of silicate melt and COHN fluid structure (with and without dissolved silicate components) with pressure, temperature, and redox conditions and responses of structural variables to chemical composition, (ii) determination of solubility and solution mechanisms of COHN volatiles in silicate melts and minerals and of solubility and solution mechanisms of silicate components in COHN fluids, and (iii) effects of very high pressure on structure and properties of melts and glasses. This new book is an essential resource for researchers in a number of fields, including geology, geophysics, geoscience, volcanology, material science, glass science, petrology and mineralogy.
Download or read book Silicate Melts written by Sharon Webb and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the experimental determination of the physical properties of silicate melts and magmas close to glass transition. Abundant new data are presented. The same type of measurement is performed on a range of melts to test the effect of composition on physical properties; and a range of different techniques are used to determine the same physical properties to illustrate the relationships between the relaxation of the melt structure and the relaxation of its physical properties. This book is of interest to experimental researchers in the discussion of data obtained from both a materials science and a geoscientific point of view.
Download or read book Silicate Melts written by I. H. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Structure of Silicate Melts written by K. C. Mills and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Silicate Melts and Fluids written by Xianyu Xue and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Spectroscopic and Viscosimetric Investigation of the Structure of Silicate Melts written by Dan Sykes and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon in Earth s Interior written by Craig E. Manning and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon in Earth's fluid envelopes - the atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, plays a fundamental role in our planet's climate system and a central role in biology, the environment, and the economy of earth system. The source and original quantity of carbon in our planet is uncertain, as are the identities and relative importance of early chemical processes associated with planetary differentiation. Numerous lines of evidence point to the early and continuing exchange of substantial carbon between Earth's surface and its interior, including diamonds, carbon-rich mantle-derived magmas, carbonate rocks in subduction zones and springs carrying deeply sourced carbon-bearing gases. Thus, there is little doubt that a substantial amount of carbon resides in our planet's interior. Yet, while we know it must be present, carbon's forms, transformations and movements at conditions relevant to the interiors of Earth and other planets remain uncertain and untapped. Volume highlights include: - Reviews key, general topics, such as carbonate minerals, the deep carbon cycle, and carbon in magmas or fluids - Describes new results at the frontiers of the field with presenting results on carbon in minerals, melts, and fluids at extreme conditions of planetary interiors - Brings together emerging insights into carbon's forms, transformations and movements through study of the dynamics, structure, stability and reactivity of carbon-based natural materials - Reviews emerging new insights into the properties of allied substances that carry carbon, into the rates of chemical and physical transformations, and into the complex interactions between moving fluids, magmas, and rocks to the interiors of Earth and other planets - Spans the various chemical redox states of carbon, from reduced hydrocarbons to zero-valent diamond and graphite to oxidized CO2 and carbonates - Captures and synthesizes the exciting results of recent, focused efforts in an emerging scientific discipline - Reports advances over the last decade that have led to a major leap forward in our understanding of carbon science - Compiles the range of methods that can be tapped tap from the deep carbon community, which includes experimentalists, first principles theorists, thermodynamic modelers and geodynamicists - Represents a reference point for future deep carbon science research Carbon in Planetary Interiors will be a valuable resource for researchers and students who study the Earth's interior. The topics of this volume are interdisciplinary, and therefore will be useful to professionals from a wide variety of fields in the Earth Sciences, such as mineral physics, petrology, geochemistry, experimentalists, first principles theorists, thermodynamics, material science, chemistry, geophysics and geodynamics.
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Silicate Melts and Fluids written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigations of the Chemistry of Silicate Melts microform Kinetics Structure and Redox Equilibria written by John Todd Dunn and published by National Library of Canada. This book was released on 1983 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of investigations of the diffusion of oxygen in silicate melts, the structure of melts, and the redox equilibria in silicate melts are presented in this thesis. Five separate investigations were undertaken, all of which were directed toward gaining an understanding of the chemistry of silicate melts, and in particular the role played by oxygen in those melts. The diffusion of oxygen was investigated in six different melt compositions. Three of the compositions were in the synthetic system diopside-anorthite. Oxygen diffusion was measured in those melts at one bar pressure by means of isotopic exchange. The diffusivities determined are similar in magnitude to divalent cation diffusivities and obey the compensation law for the diffusion of divalent cations in silicate melts. Those observations suggest that there is a significant contribution to the diffusivity of oxygen from a "cation-like" diffusion mechanism. Eyring model calculations, using the oxygen diffusion data and melt viscosity data from the literature, suggest that the size of the average diffusing species is similar to that of the Si0 4 4 " anion. The diffusion of oxygen was also measured in three basaltic melts (an olivine nephelinite, an alkali basalt, and a tholeiitic basalt) at various temperatures and pressures up to 21 kilobars. The diffusivities were determined by monitoring the rate of reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2 + in the melts. The oxygen diffusivities measured are approximately the same as, or slightly greater than, divalent cation diffusivities in basaltic liquids. The diffusivity of oxygen shows an abrupt decrease in all three melts at approximately the same pressure as the change in the liquidus phase from olivine to pyroxene. The decreases in oxygen diffusivity are interpreted as being related to decreases in the proportion of 0 2 ' anion in the melts during reactions which decrease the proportion of olivine building units and increase the proportion of pyroxene building units in the melt. The results suggest that oxygen diffuses principally as the 0 2 ' anion in basaltic melts. The structure of lead orthosilicate melts was investigated as a function of the thermal history of the melt by means of infrared spectroscopy. The melts were observed to become increasingly polymerized with decreasing rate of cooling and with increasing duration of isothermal soaking. The presence of silicate anions larger than Si0 4 4- in the melts was demonstrated, which requires that 0 2 ' anions also be present. The proportion of 0 2 " anions in Pb 2 Si0 4 melts depends on the thermal history. Therefore, the ratio of non-bridging oxygens to tetrahedral cations (NBO/T) also depends on thermal history. The study of the structure of Pb 2 Si0 4 melts provides direct evidence of the presence of 0 2 ' anions in an orthosilicate melt. That result when combined with the implications of the diffusion studies suggests that 0 2 ' anions are present in much more polymerized melts and that the proportion of those anions in a given melt depends on the thermal history of the melt. That suggestion requires that melt models which do not incorporate 0 2 " anions be reassessed. The two investigations of iron redox equilibria in basaltic melts provide an improved predictive equation for the oxidation of iron which may account for (graphite and Fe°) in too oxidized to allow in natural melts and a model process the presence of reduced phases quenched rocks which are apparently those phases.
Download or read book The Structure and Dynamics of Silicate Melts from Computer Simulation written by Alastair Gemmell and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Silicate Melts written by Hem Shanker Ray and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Structure and Properties of Oxide Melts written by Yoshio Waseda and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents an extended introductory treatise on the atomic scale structure and physicochemical properties of oxide melts, mainly of silicates, from both the basic science and the applied engineering points of view. This helpful volume covers current experimental information on the structure of oxide melts and glasses and a convenient outline of their various physicochemical properties, including the subject "how structural data can be correlated with their macroscopic properties". This book also includes a fundamental introduction to the beneficial utilization of waste oxides largely produced from metal production in the world. This will be very useful for people working in the field of metallurgy and environmental science. Along with more than 300 references, numerous illustrations and tables, this is a unique source of information and guidance for specialists and non-specialists alike.
