Download or read book The Structure and Dynamics of Red Alder Communities in the Central Coast Range of Western Oregon written by Gary C. Carlton and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) is a fast-growing pioneer species that colonizes disturbed forest sites west of the Cascade Mountains in the Pacific Northwest. Streambottoms, toe slopes, and mass movement of surface soils have historically provided the scarification and soil moisture necessary for successful regeneration of red alder. During the past century, however, extensive logging activity has greatly increased the availability of suitable conditions for alder establishment. The species has responded by expanding upslope throughout its range, displacing native conifers over large areas. As a relatively short-lived pioneer species, red alder would be expected, by conventional succession theory, to relinquish sites to longer-lived conifers such as Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). However, studies conducted on sites dominated by red alder have found very little tree regeneration, suggesting that shrub species such as salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis Pursh) or vine maple (Acer circinatuin Pursh) may dominate sites after senescence of red alder. In this study, I examined both the understory and overstory components of 44 stands dominated by red alder in the Alsea River drainage of the Oregon Coast Range. Stands ranged in age from 7 to 87 years, the entire span of age classes found within the study area. Using a chronosequence approach, I inferred patterns of stand development and of change in the understory vegetation throughout the lifetime of the canopy dominants. I also evaluated a variety of tree and stand characteristics to relate stand structure and development to site factors and disturbance history. I then employed multivariate procedures to classify and ordinate understory vegetation, culminating in a description of five community-types. Four of the community-types were further differentiated into two variants associated with site factors. Disturbance was found to be important for successful colonization of sites by red alder, but the type of disturbance was not strongly related to structure or productivity of red alder stands. Logging and fire were the most common types of disturbance opening up sites for colonization by red alder. Evidence of logging and fire were observed on 30 and 19 plots, respectively. Landslides and unstable soils were evident on 16 sites. Site conditions such as physiographic position, elevation, and slope were more important determinants of alder stand structure than disturbance agents. Toe slopes had the highest site index values, but stands in midslope positions tended to attain greatest basal area and highest relative density index. Dominance and suppression were exhibited in diameter distribution patterns that expanded and became multimodal as the canopy matured. Self-thinning consistently removed the smallest individuals in young stands, but mortality in larger size classes gradually became important in older stands. Five understory communities are described in this thesis. Swordfern was dominant under most young stands of red alder, with occasional appearance of shrubs normally found on open, disturbed sites. Middle-aged alder stands supported one of three community-types: a mixture of swordfern and several shrub species, a community dominated strongly by swordfern and salmonberry, or a community characterized by dense thickets of salmonberry. Under many stands of senescing red alder, particularly those at high elevation, vine maple was the single dominant, but salmonberry was well represented in old stands at low elevation. Abundance of many non-woody species was found to fluctuate during the growing season. However, certain key species were identified that maintained relatively constant cover during the summer, and these species were used as the characteristic species for classification of communities. Very little tree regeneration was observed under intact red alder canopies or under the discontinuous canopies of senescing alder. In older stands, abundant understory vegetation apparently inhibited tree regeneration through competition for light and other resources and through the direct physical effects of litter deposits on the forest floor. On most sites, succession to communities dominated by salmonberry or vine maple appeared likely, although scattered saplings of western hemlock and western redcedar might eventually form a discontinuous canopy on some sites.
Download or read book Red Alder written by Robert Leslie Deal and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March 23-25, 2005, an international symposium on red alder was held at the University of Washington Center for Urban Horticulture in Seattle, WA. The symposium was entitled S2Red alder: A State of KnowledgeS3 and brought together regional experts to critically examine the economic, ecological and social values of red alder. The primary goal of the symposium was to discuss new advances in the understanding of red alder biology and silviculture, changing market and nonmarket values, and the current regulatory climate for management of alder. This proceedings includes 14 papers based on oral presentations given at the symposium. These papers highlight some of the key findings from the history, ecology, biology, silviculture and economics sessions presented at the red alder symposium.
Download or read book The Biology and Management of Red Alder written by David E. Hibbs and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red Alder, the Northwest's most common hardwood, is of increasing biological and economic importance to the region. This timely study examines current knowledge about red alder and its role in Northwest forests.
Download or read book General Technical Report PNW GTR written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Biology of Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants written by Christa R. Schwintzer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Biology of Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants provides a comprehensive review of Frankia and the actinorhizal plants. It reviews the state of knowledge on all aspects from molecular genetics through ecology to practical applications; describes methods used in research and practical applications; and is a guide to the literature. The book begins with overviews of Frankia and the actinorhizal plants, and developments in the field prior to the first confirmed isolation of Frankia. Next is a series of authoritative chapters on the biology of Frankia, the symbiosis, and actinorhizal plants. Although methods used in research and in practical applications are included throughout the book, they are given special emphasis in the middle section. The final section of the book concerns the ecology and current and potential uses of actinorhizal plants in both the temperate regions and the tropics. This work is intended as a reference text and handbook of methods for a wide audience including established workers and students of Frankia and actinorhizal plants, specialists and students in other areas of nitrogen fixation (including the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis), soil microbiologists, plant physiologists, ecologists, general biologists, foresters, specialists in land reclamation, and managers requiring an authoritative overview of this rapidly developing field.
Download or read book Creating a Forestry for the 21st Century written by Kathryn A. Kohm and published by Island Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, a sea change has occurred in the field of forestry. A vastly increased understanding of how ecological systems function has transformed the science from one focused on simplifying systems, producing wood, and managing at the stand-level to one concerned with understanding and managing complexity, providing a wide range of ecological goods and services, and managing across broad landscapes.Creating a Forestry for the 21st Century is an authoritative and multidisciplinary examination of the current state of forestry and its relation to the emergent field of ecosystem management. Drawing upon the expertise of top professionals in the field, it provides an up-to-date synthesis of principles of ecosystem management and their implications for forest policy. Leading scientists, including Malcolm Hunter, Jr., Bruce G. Marcot, James K. Agee, Thomas R. Crow, Robert J. Naiman, John C. Gordon, R.W. Behan, Steven L. Yaffee, and many others examine topics that are central to the future of forestry: new understandings of ecological processes and principles, from stand structure and function to disturbance processes and the movement of organisms across landscapes challenges to long-held assumptions: the rationale for clearcutting, the wisdom of short rotations, the exclusion of fire traditional tools in light of expanded goals for forest landscapes managing at larger spatial scales, including practical information and ideas for managing large landscapes over long time periods the economic, organizational, and political issues that are critical to implementing successful ecosystem management and developing institutions to transform knowledge into action Featuring a 16-page center section with color photographs that illustrate some of the best on-the-ground examples of ecosystem management from around the world, Creating a Forestry for the 21st Century is the definitive text on managing ecosystems. It provides a compelling case for thinking creatively beyond the bounds of traditional forest resource management, and will be essential reading for students; scientists working in state, federal, and private research institutions; public and private forest managers; staff members of environmental/conservation organizations; and policymakers.
Download or read book Silviculture for Multiple Objectives in the Douglas fir Region written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing Young Upland Forests in Southeast Alaska for Wood Products Wildlife Aquatic Resources and Fishes written by Mark Steven Wipfli and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Northwest Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by W. H. Shafer and published by Plenum Publishing Corporation. This book was released on 1992 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses Listed by Discipline: Aerospace Engineering. Agricultural Economics, Sciences and Engineering. Architechtural Engineering and Urban Planning. Astronomy. Astrophysics. Ceramic Engineering. Communications Engineering and Computer Science. Cryogenic Engineering. Electrical Engineering. Engineering Mechanics. Engineering Physics. Engineering Science. Fuels, Combustion, and Air Pollution. General and Environmental Engineering. Geochemistry and Soil Science. Geological Sciences and Geophysical Engineering. Geology and Earth Science. Geophysics. Industrial Engineering. Marine and Ocean Engineering. Materials Science and Engineering. Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering. Metallurgy. Meteorology and Atmospheric Science. 17 additional disciplines. Index.
Download or read book FRDA Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Reproductive Ecology of Broadleaved Trees and Shrubs written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Red Alder Harvesting Opportunities in Western Oregon written by Donald R. Gedney and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book North American Terrestrial Vegetation written by Michael G. Barbour and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition provides extensively expanded coverage of North American vegetation from arctic tundra to tropical forests.
Download or read book Silvicultural Management of Riparian Areas for Multiple Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forestry on the Frontier written by Society of American Foresters. Convention and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
